競爭市場下工程保險之聯營共保組織經營策略研究 : 以財團法人工程保險協進會為例

我國工程保險已逾四十年的發展歷史，可說和工程保險協進會(EIA)聯營組織密不可分，EIA成立之目的即是辦理有關工程保險之研究及改進事宜，以聯營共保組織方式來提供會員公司核保、理賠、查勘等技術與經驗，並協助消化與分散風險，的確有很好的成果。 但近年工程保險市場的變化，因經濟不景氣及國家財政不佳，使公共工程的推動受阻，工程險業務大幅萎縮，各保險公司為維持適度的保費量的收入，非理性削價競爭成為最直接取得業務的手段，讓保費的下降更加大幅度。另外保險公司經營規模的擴大，也培養了自己的工程保險技術團隊，EIA原有的功能也逐漸被取代，經理之聯營組織業務減少，收入減少產生生存危機，遂以EIA為例，透過本研究分析，找出EIA聯營共保組織的功能再發揮為方向。 本論文研究探討方式，除文獻探討相關分散風險機制及再保險的理論與實務等外，另就相關市場之統計資料進行分析整理。再一個重點作EIA議題相關的實務訪談，確認研究主題分析的客觀性，加上筆者多年參與EIA執委會就近觀察心得，作出適當可行的未來運作架構建言，以對EIA在工程保險市場經營的藍海策略有所助益，是本篇論文提出的最主要目的

Changes of capsule and seed characters during mature stage in sesame

本試驗係以台南一號、台南白選二號、BL26、BL18、W94、W88等品種（系）為材料，探討胡麻成熟期間蒴果及籽粒性狀的變化，其結果如下： 胡麻在開花後41-44天之後，在標識節位往上之4-6個節位的蒴果乾重及鮮重已達穩定無顯著的差異，但品系BL26則在開花後40天之後，其所有節位的變化無顯著差異。 籽粒百粒重的變化趨勢與蒴果乾重的變化相類似，同樣是在開花後41-44天之後，標識節位往上之4-6個節位趨於穩定且無顯著的差異。而蒴果乾重達最大的時期其蒴果鮮重為最小的時期，此時的籽粒成熟度為最佳的時期。 蒴果含水率則在開花後43-44天之後，在標識節位往上約4個節位趨於穩定無顯著差異的變化。 蒴果寬的變化趨勢除了品系BL26之外，在開花後42-44天之後，在標識節位往上之4-7個節位無顯著差異的變動，與蒴果乾重的變化相類似。蒴果長的變化趨勢多數為無差異。 胡麻蒴果葉綠素含量在成熟期間及節位間的變化，因品種的不同而有所差異且沒有趨於較穩定的時期。This study is on change of capsule and seed characters during maturation in sesame. The experiment materials including Tainan 1,Tainan white s-2,BL26,BL18,W94,W88 varieties. The results obtained are summarized as follows: Change of capsule dry weight and capsule fresh weight showed no significant difference in the 4-6 nodes from above marker node on 41-44 days after anthesis in sesame. But the BL26 change of capsule dry weight and capsule fresh weight showed no significant difference on 40 days after anthesis in all nodes. The change of 100 seeds weight coincides with capsule fresh weight. When capsule dry weight is at the largest stage that capsule fresh weight is at the smallest stage, therefore the seed is in the optima mature stage. Change of capsule water percentage showed no significant difference in about the 4 nodes from above marker node on 43-44 days after anthesis in sesame. Change of capsule width showed no significant difference in the 4-7 nodes from above marker node on 42-44 days after anthesis, and the same change as in the capsule dry weight. The trend of Capsule length has change no different in most of nodes. Change of capsule chlorophyll content of different node with mature stage showed difference in sesame varieties. And all capsule chlorophyll content are not in trend to stable stage.目 錄 中文摘要…………………………………………………….1 一、緒言…………………………………………………….2 二、前人研究……………………………………………….3 三、材料與方法………………………………………….…6 四、結果…………………………………………………….8 五、討論……………………………………………………68 六、參考文獻………………………………………………71 七、英文摘要………………………………………………7

籃球參與者對境外體育頻道行銷本土化策略看法之研究

出處：真理大

Application of modern biotechnology on the detection and diagnosis of plant pathogenic fungi

植物檢疫與植物防疫是未來植物保護的工作重點之一。而植物病原真菌之偵測鑑定與診斷技術將是植物檢疫與植物防疫的工作一環“免疫技術(immunologica1 techniques)及核酸技術(nuc1eic acid techniques)進行植物病原真菌偵測、診斷與鑑定為一較新技術“血清技術常利用的方法計以多株抗體、單株抗體為反應基質進行偵測(polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies as reagents)、酵素連結免疫吸附測定分析法(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)、免疫螢光及免疫金蛋白標識測定分析（imrnunof-lorescence and immunogold labeling)、核酸技術包括核酸探針(nucleic acid probes)製作，及以偵測診斷為主之核酸探針雜合反應(nucleic acid hybridization based detection techniques)、點雜配分析(dot-blot hybridization assay)、限制酵素輿圖多型性分析(restriction fragment length polymorphisms analysis)、DNA聚合酵素連鎖反應增幅法( DNA polymerase chain reaction ）、任意引子DNA 聚合酵素連鎖反應增幅法(random amplified polymorphic DNA -RAPD)、去氧核醣核酸指紋分析法(DNA fingerprinting)等技術。近年來，由於為使形態相近的不同菌株（種），或同種不同亞種及生理小種的菌株能夠提供便利的鑑別技術，於是利用粒線體核酸之多複本(high copy number)特性與不同菌株問皆會有特殊的差異加以應用核酸限制酵素切割片段多型性(RFLP)分析種問及種內差異性及菌株之問粒線體核酸多型性及變異性，更進一步由粒線體核酸選殖技術篩選出與田間菌株皆可產生交互作用的專一性核酸探針，以期能應用在田間病害之偵測“目前在菌株（種）快速鑑別與類緣關係的研究探討上，以任意引子DNA 聚合酵素連鎖反應技術(RAPD)及DNA 聚合酵素連鎖反應(polymerase chain reaction, PCR)為快速靈敏且可大量應用於實際偵測診斷應用上。目前為止，新技術之應用使植物病原真菌之偵測、診斷與鑑定進入了新里程碑，其實際應用層面及輔助分類鑑定診斷與偵測將是另一值得開發的新科技。 Plant quarantine Plays an important role in the development of plant protection. Detection and diagnosis of plant pathogenic fungi is one of the major work of plant quarantine. Immunological techniques and nucleic acid techniques have been remarkable progress in the development of new techniques for detection and diagnosis of plant pathogenic fungi. Immunological techniques include polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies as reagents, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunoflorescence and immunogold labeling, and nucleic acid techniques include nucleic acid hybridization based detection techniques, dot-blot hybridization assay, restriction fragment length polymorphisms analysis, DNA polymerase chain reaction, random amplified, DNA-RAPP, DNA fingerprinting. The last 5-10 years have been remarkable progress in the development of new techniques for convenient identification of different isolates of similar morphology and physiological races, by using polymorphisms and variation of mitochondrial DNA, and further cloning of specific DNA probes for the detection and diagnosis of plant pathogenic fungi. At present, random amplified polymorphic DNA and polymerase chain reaction are the most speedy and sensitive methods for practical application on the detection and diagnosis of plantpathogenic fungi. Since now, new biotechnology have been progress for the detection and diagnosis, and further development of new technology for the identification, diagnosis and detection of plant pathogenic fungi