发挥高校优势 助力乡村振兴

高校具有教育资源、人才资源、科研成果、文化传承等优势,可助力乡村振兴。高校作为选派帮扶干部的后盾单位积极参与谋划农村各项事业,助推农村经济社会发展并取得显著成效。对宁夏大学影响定点扶贫村农村党组织建设和对口扶贫模式进行总结,在此基础上提出发挥高校优势的主要路径选择,引导贫困村建立积极话语权和村庄回应,积极参与到高校的扶贫事业和精神文明建设中来

精准扶贫的媒介话语传播研究

精准扶贫的媒介话语,通过媒介传播的多维表述,体现出一种既是身体书写与符号文本的实践过程,又通过国家权力与大众传播的多重勾连,在精准扶贫媒介场域形成一种相互作用有效的分析框架。完善多重勾连,以贫困村落文化共同体发展理念为核心,展开媒介扶贫话语的时空化立体传播,建设精准扶贫媒介传播新话语

一种交联型聚离子液体的合成及其对CO2的变压吸收分离

近年,离子液体作为CO2的捕获剂已经得到广泛研究,而聚离子液体因其更好的CO2捕获及解吸能力更加受到重视。但目前聚离子液体仍存在对CO2的捕获量低且吸收解吸速率慢等亟待解决的难题。本研究采用交联剂并分别结合不同干燥方法（冷冻干燥、超临界CO2干燥、普通干燥）合成了一种新型交联型季铵盐类聚离子液体,采用高压石英弹簧法测定了该聚离子液体对CO2的捕获能力,并采用变压吸收法研究了其从高压合成气中吸收分离CO2的效果。研究结果表明,采用冷冻干燥法制得的聚离子液体相对结晶度低,具有较高的CO2捕获量,在296.2 K、常压下对CO2的吸收量最高达0.024 g/g,而在5.0 MPa下高达0.127 g/g。在296.2 K下对5.0 MPa的高压合成气中主要成分CO2的变压吸收分离结果显示,该聚离子液体具有性能稳定、吸收-解吸速率快及对CO2选择性高等优点

西北地区少数民族社区文化发展与创新

在建设社会主义和谐社会中,少数民族社区文化对于区域社会经济发展起到了重要作用。本文以西北地区少数民族社区文化变迁为研究对象,分析西北地区少数民族社区文化发生变迁的因素,阐述了西北地区少数民族社区文化建设与创新应注意的原则,提出了我国西北地区少数民族社区文化建设创新思路,旨在推动少数民族社区文化建设与创新

民族学视角下的少数民族教育问题研究

民族学就是以民族为研究对象的学科。它把民族这一族体作为整体进行全面的考察,研究民族的起源、发展以及消亡的过程,研究各族体的生产力和生产关系、经济基础和上层建筑。在民族学视角下,敏感的发现少数民族教育的问题,并且提出具有针对性的发展策略能够促进民族的团结与融合。通过对民族学视角下的少数民族教育问题进行探究,旨在提高少数民族教育的质量,进一步促进少数民族的发展与建设。宁夏大学新华学院院级科学研究基金资助项目“关于民族学视角下的少数民族教育问题的若干探究”(项目编号:14XHXY12)的研究成

Relative risk factors of in-hospital death due to aortic dissection

目的分析主动脉夹层(Ad)患者院内死亡的相关危险因素。方法回顾性分析厦门市心脏中心2002年1月至2011年10月确诊急性Ad患者175例的临床资料,其中男性129例,女性46例,平均年龄(56.8±12.1)岁。按住院期间是否死亡进行分组,分为存活组(n=141)及死亡组(n=34),分析年龄、性别、既往病史、血压水平、症状、并发症及实验室指标与死亡的相关性,并用lOgISTIC回归分析危险因素与病死率的关系。结果与存活组比较,死亡组d-二聚体水平升高,意识障碍和心包填塞比例增加,手术或支架治疗比例减少,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。lOgISTIC回归分析结果表明,d-二聚体水平升高(Or=1.325,95%CI:1.436~1.973,P=0.004)、伴意识障碍(Or=2.481,95%CI:1.302~3.203,P=0.003)、心包填塞(Or=7.726,95%CI:1.762~34.003,P=0.008)为Ad患者住院死亡的独立危险因素,手术或介入治疗(Or=0.101,95%CI:1.762~34.003,P=0.044)为保护因素。结论 Ad患者中d-二聚体明显升高,并发意识障碍、心包填塞者病死率高,临床上应予高度重视,依据病情采取手术或介入治疗有利于降低Ad患者的病死率。Objective To analyze the relative risk factors of in-hospital death in patients with aortic dissection(AD).Methods The clinical materials of patients with acute AD [n=175, male 129, female 46 and average age was(56.8±12.1)] were analyzed retrospectively from Jan.2002 to Oct.2011, and all patients were divided into survival group(n=141) and death group(n=34).The correlation between age, sex, medical history, blood pressure level, symptoms, complications or laboratory indexes and death was analyzed, and the relatio level increased, and the percentage of patients with consciousness disorder and cardiac tamponade increased and percentage of patients with surgery or stenting decreased(all P<0.05).The results of Logistic regression analysis showed that increased D-dinship between risk factors and mortality was analyzed by using Logistic regression analysis.ResultsCompared with survival group, in death group D-dimermer level(OR=1.325, 95%CI: 1.436~1.973, P=0.004), consciousness disorder(OR=2.481, 95%CI: 1.302~3.203, P=0.003) and cardiac tamponade(OR=7.726, 95%CI: 1.762~34.003, P=0.008) were independent risk factors of in-hospital death, and surgery or interventional treatment(OR=0.101, 95%CI: 1.762~34.003, P=0.044) were protective factors in AD patients.Conclusion Mortality is higher in patients with increased D-dimer level or complicating consciousness disorder and cardiac tamponade.Surgery and interventional treatment can reduce the mortality

Composite microparticles of ibuprofen/lipid generated by supercritical fluids from their melts

采用CO2及N2辅助的气体饱和溶液微粒形成技术制备布洛芬/肉豆蔻酸、布洛芬/三棕榈酸甘油酯复合微粒,考察它们的形态、颗粒分布以及复合微粒中药物的溶出情况。N2辅助过程制得的布洛芬(质量分数5%)/肉豆蔻酸复合微粒与用该过程得到的纯肉豆蔻酸大小及粒径分布大致相同,而CO2辅助过程制得的布洛芬/肉豆蔻酸复合微粒却要比该过程得到的纯肉豆蔻酸的粒径要大,分布也较宽;CO2及N2辅助形成的布洛芬/肉豆蔻酸复合微粒无缓释效果。用N2辅助制备得到的含20%布洛芬(质量分数)的复合微粒保持了三棕榈酸甘油酯微粒化后的颗粒形貌,粒径更大;用CO2辅助制备得到的含20%布洛芬的复合微粒其粒径比三棕榈酸甘油酯微粒化后的颗粒粒径要小,粒径分布更窄;布洛芬/三棕榈酸甘油酯复合微粒具有缓释效果,而且用N2辅助制备的布洛芬含量为5%的复合微粒比布洛芬含量为20%的复合微粒溶出慢。Using the CO2-assisted and N2-assisted atomization processes,ibuprofen/lipid composite microparticles can be produced;the lipid includes myristic acid(MA) and tripalmitin(TP).The ibuprofen(5% in mass ratie)/MA composite microparticles show similar particle sizes to that of pure MA from the N2-assisted process,while the composite microparticles have a large particle size and particle size distribution,compared to that of pure MA from the CO2-assisted process.The dissolution reveals no controlled release of ibuprofen for the ibuprofen/MA composite microparticles either from the N2-assisted process or from the CO2-assisted process.For the ibuprofen/TP system,the obtained composite microparticles containing 20%(in mass) ibuprofen show similar particle morphology,while has a larger particle size(PS) than that of the pure myristic acid particles in the case of N2-assisted process.Nevertheless,the microparticles from the CO2-assisted process has a small PS and narrow PSD,compared to that of the pure myristic acid particles.The obtained ibuprofen/TP composite microparticles containing 5% or 20% ibuprofen show an evidently controlled drug release.For example,the drug release is only 20% in 500 min for the ibuprofen/TP microparticles containing 20% ibuprofen,prepared by the CO2-assisted process.国家自然科学基金资助项目(20406015);; 福建省新世纪优秀人才支持计划;; 福建省自然科学基金资助项目(2007J0167

Separation of terpenes and oxygenated compounds from citrus oil by supercritical CO_2 extraction

以冷榨柑橘精油为原料,采用gC/MS对柑橘精油原料进行定性及定量分析,确定了柑橘精油中的7种萜烯类化合物成分作为分离考察对象。实验探讨了超临界萃取压力、萃取温度、萃取时间和CO2流量等因素对含氧化合物分离效果的影响。实验结果表明,萃取相中萜烯类化合物的回收率总体上随着萃取压力、温度、时间和CO2流量的增大而增大。当萃取压力为12MPA,萃取温度为45℃,萃取时间为4H以及CO2流量为1.0l/MIn时,分离效果最佳,其萃取相中萜烯类化合物的回收率高达90.03%。Supercritical CO2 extraction was employed to separate terpenes and oxygenated compounds from citrus oil.The raw oil,the extract,and the raffinate were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by GC/MS,respectively,with the terpenes being represented by seven typical compounds.The influences of several experimental factors including extration pressure,extraction temperature,extraction time and CO2 flow rate on the separation of the oxygenated compounds were studied.The results indicate that the recovery rate of terpenes in the extract generally increases with the increasing of extraction pressure,temperature,time and CO2 flow rate.The optimum conditions for extracting terpenes are as follows: pressure 12 MPa,temperature 45 ℃,extraction time 4 h,and CO2 flow rate 1.0 L/min.Under these optimum conditions,the recovery rate of terpenes in the extract is 90.03%.福建省新世纪人才支持项目(0000-X04157

Preparation of Tripalmitin Micronization by Supercritical Fluids Technique

利用气体饱和溶液微粒形成技术实验装置,分别用超临界n2和超临界CO2制备三棕榈酸甘油酯微粒,探讨压力、温度以及喷嘴大小等工艺参数对微粒(粒径、粒径分布和形貌)的影响。结果表明:n2辅助过程得到的微粒基本为球状;预膨胀压力越高,粒径越小,粒径分布越窄;100μM喷嘴下制得的微粒粒径最小,且分布较均匀。CO2辅助过程得到的微粒部分为球状,部分为针状和片状;预膨胀压力越高,粒径越小,粒径分布越窄;喷嘴直径大小对微粒平均粒径及粒径分布影响不大;预膨胀温度升高,颗粒的粒径稍微增大。CO2辅助过程得到的微粒粒径比n2辅助过程得到的微粒粒径稍大,但两者的粒径分布相差不大。Generation of tripalmitin microparticles from its melts was investigated by using both supercritical CO2 and supercritical N2.The effects of various operating conditions,such as the pre-expansion pressure,pre-expansion temperature,and nozzle size on the particle morphology,particle size and particle size distribution(PSD) were investigated.Results showed that microspheres were obtained from the N2-assisted process,the particle size decreased and PSD narrowed with the increasing of the pre-expansion pressure,nozzle size showed no obvious effect on the microparticles,and pre-expansion temperature should be less than 72 ℃ to obtain solid particles.From the CO2-assited process,spherical,lamellate and needle-like particles were obtained,the particle size decreased,PSD narrowed with the increasing of the pre-expansion pressure,nozzle size showed no obvious effect on the particles and the pre-expansion temperature slightly increased the average size of particles.Particles' PSD from supercritical CO2 was close to that from supercritical N2

Extraction of insecticidal toosendanin from meliaceae by supercritical CO_2

王宏涛(1968-),男,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为天然产物的提取分离等, E-mail: [email protected]。[中文文摘]苦楝素是楝科植物中制备植物源农药的主要杀虫成分。针对不同种源楝树的皮、叶及果实,采用溶剂浸提法提取筛选苦楝素含量较高的种源作为实验原料,采用乙醇提取,考察液固质量比、提取时间和提取次数等参数对苦楝素提取率的影响。当液固质量比为25∶1、提取时间为4 h、提取次数为3次时,苦楝素的提取率达18%。进一步采用超临界CO2萃取考察压力、温度、萃取时间、原料粒径和夹带剂等参数对苦楝素萃取率的影响,当温度为40℃、压力为20 MPa、时间为2.0 h、原料粒径为40目、夹带剂乙醇质量为CO2质量的12.5%时,苦楝素的萃取率达43.5%。在对萃取液结晶纯化中成功分离得到质量分数达98%的苦楝素。[英文文摘]Toosendanin is the main insecticidal component of meliaceae plants for producing botanical insecticides.The extraction of toosendanin from the parks,leaves and fruits of the various meliaceae plants was studied by using ethanol,and the part of the meliaceae plants with the maximal mass fraction of toosendanin was selected as experimental materials.The effects of the mass ratio of liquid to solid,extraction time,and extraction times on the yield of toosendan were investigated by using ethanol extraction method. The yield of toosendanin is up to 18% at them ass ratio of liquid to so lid of 25:1, extraction time of 4h and extract ing 3 times. The effects of pressure, temperature, extraction time, and the partic le size of materials and the dosage of mod if iers on the yield of toosendanin w ere investigated bym eans of supercritical CO2 extraction. The yield of toosendan in is up to 43.5% when ethanol is used as mod ifier with its mass 12.5% of CO2 mass at temperature 40,pressure 20 MPa,extraction time 2h and material particle size 40 mesh. The toosendanin crystal with mass fraction 98% was separated from the extracts by using crystalliza tionm ethod.福建省新世纪人才支持计划项