Analysis And Choice Of Competition Strategy Of SNE

深圳新世纪饮水科技有限公司是中国最早、规模最大的饮水机经营企业，其主导产品“安吉尔”饮水机产销量一直保持在行业第一的位置。1993年至1999年，新世纪公司的销量以每年不低于100%的高速度连续增长，但是在2000年以后，新世纪公司的销量却出现连续大幅下滑。在愈来愈激烈的市场竞争环境下，如何选择公司竞争战略，是新世纪公司必须解决的重要而又紧迫的问题。本论文运用战略制定分析框架等战略管理理论及方法，首先对新世纪公司外部环境和内部资源进行了比较全面深入的分析，得出了外部因素评价（EFE）矩阵、内部因素评价（IFE）矩阵和竞争态势分析（CPM）矩阵。在此基础上，应用大战略矩阵（grandstrate...Shenzhen New Era Drinking Water Sci.&Tech. Co., Ltd. is the earliest and biggest enterprise of manufacturing & selling water dispenser in China. The sales volume of its main products“安吉尔branded water dispensers” has been ranked No. 1 in the same industry for years. From 1993 up to 1999, its sales volume increases by a rate not less than 100% annually. But it decreases sharply since the yea...学位：工商管理硕士院系专业：管理学院工商管理教育中心_工商管理硕士(MBA)学号：X20001511

发达国家老年人口健康照护的经验与启示

比较英国、德国、日本、美国等不同社会福利制度下长期照护制度建设方面的特点,发现各国的长期照护制度尽管有所差异,但关键都是试图通过长期照护制度的建设,为老年人提供更多、更高质量的社区居家生活和疾病疗养照护,并使整体医疗资源的运作更有效率。福建省高等学校新世纪优秀人才支持计划资助(2011NCETFJ); 厦门大学公共事务学院211“公共政策与政府治理”项目的阶段性研究成

南极海冰区冰藻类群及兴衰过程

本文总结了国际上对南极冰藻类群及其生理生态特性的多年研究成果 ,结合我国科学家在南极长城站以及在戴维斯和中山站的越冬研究 ,阐述了南极海冰区的冰藻类群及其形成机理 ,对冰藻的形成、存活、旺发和消亡过程进行讨论 ,并对大洋浮冰区和近岸固定冰区冰藻类群的生态特性进行对比 ,提出了今后有待进一步深入研究的领域 【英文摘要】 Combining with the research results obtained from the Great Wall and Zhongshan Stations of China, the thesis reviews the different ice algal assemblages occurring in the Antarctic sea ice and their formation, survival, growth and disappearance, compares the difference between the pack and fast sea ice zones and brings forward some scientific questions which are needed for further research. There are surface, interior, bottom and sub ice assemblages within ice, and each composes of some types. Because of ...国家自然科学基金项目 ( 30 2 70 112 ;4 0 0 0 6 0 10 )资

The progress in the study of Arctic pack ice ecology

The sea ice community plays an important role in the Arctic marine ecosystem. Because of the predicted environmental changes in the Arctic environment and specifically related to sea ice, the Arctic pack ice biota has received more attention in recent years using modern ice-breaking research vessels. Studies show that the Arctic pack ice contains a diverse biota and besides ice algae, the bacterial and protozoan biomasses can be high. Surprisingly high primary production values were observed in the pack ice..

The abundance and diversity of nanoplankton in Arcitic Ocean

近年来随着全球气候变化对北冰洋生态环境的影响日益显现,北极微型浮游生物生态学研究得到了广泛的重视和实质性的进展。对北冰洋微型浮游生物的主要类群:异养细菌、古菌、光合异养原核生物和微型真核生物的分布及其多样性研究进展做了概述,并在此基础上展望了未来北冰洋微型浮游生物学研究。Asthe most abundant and the most taxonomically and genetically diverse organisms in the marine ceosystem,nanoplankton predominate in the marine system concerning their bioactivity,biomass,and production.They play an important role in the carbon fixation process in the Arctic Ocean,and are an important component to regulate the biosphere.Furtherly,nanoplankton can be an important indicator of the changing environment,since the changes in the community,structure and biomass of nanoplankton reflect the changes in the pathways of nutrient and energy transferring in the food web and the changes in the biogeochemical cycle.Recently,ecology study of the Arctic nanoplankton has been paid more attention due to the increasing impacts of climate change on the Arctic marine ecosystems.Substantial progress has been achieved.The Arctic heterotrophic bacteria were reported to resemble those in the seas of lower altitudes in their high abundance and biomass with seasonal successions.Particle-associated bacteria often show a higher specific metabolic activity than the free-living communities.So far,there are few reports on the proteorhodopsin(PR)-containing bacteria.High diversity has been reported for this group in the Chukchi Sea,which can be attribute to yariable bacteria communities.A large number of aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic(AAP) bacteria have been found in the Chukchi Sea with a distinctly seasonal succession.The photosynthetic group in the Arctic Ocean was found to be mostly composed with the nanoplankton(≤20μm),described as a polar ecotype of the small prasinophyte Micromonas.The high correlation between the abundance of coccoid cynaobacteria and temperature results their low abundance at the high latitudes There are only a few studies of Synechococcus in the coastal Arctic Ocean.The Micromonas is proved to be ubiquitous throughout the Arctic Ocean,especially at the chlorophyll-maximum layer,and may be a major contributor to the primary production in the Arctic Ocean.Until now little is known about the distribution of heterotrophic nanoflagellates in the Arctic Ocean,compared with phytoplankton and prokaryotes.Many scientific questions,which deserve special attention,remain unsolved due to lack of continuous sampling and the complexity of the nanoplankton characteristics.Some of them have been highlighted here in the Arctic nanoplankton ecology.(1) More attention should be paid to the effect of the climate change on the nanoplankton community in the Arctic Ocean,considering its major and often dominant contribution to the total ecosystem.(2)Most of the investigations of nanoplankton community are focused on the Atlantic Arctic Ocean of the Arctic Ocean.It is necessary to investigate the community structure of the nanoplankton in the entire Arctic Ocean.(3) As a photoheterotrophic microbe,AAP bacteria may play a special role in the ecology in the Arctic Ocean.However,little is known about the distribution,abundance,and diversity of the AAP bacteria in Arctic Ocean.(4)Archaea seems to be of special significance in the Arctic waters with large population existing in the surface water.More work need to be done on their diversity and their functions in the energy flow.国家自然科学基金(40576002;41076130);国家海洋局青年基金项目(2010116

应用调整的膳食平衡指数评价厦门市区成年居民膳食质量

目的利用调整的中国膳食平衡指数(dbI-07)综合评价厦门市城区18~65岁居民膳食质量,为开展营养干预提供依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法于2010年10—12月对厦门市区6个社区居委会成年居民进行调查,采用连续3天24 H回顾法对其中的520人进行了膳食调查,采用dbI-07的评分方法评价厦门城区成年居民膳食质量水平。结果被调查的厦门市城区成年居民的膳食质量处于中度失衡状态,摄入不足和摄入过量并存;女性的摄入不足程度高于男性;各年龄段中,40~50岁人群摄入不足程度最高,摄入过量程度最低。结论被调查的厦门市城区成年居民水果、奶类及豆类摄入不足,肉类、食用油及盐类摄入过量;成年居民的主要膳食模式为A模式,且A模式反映了膳食中摄入不足与摄入过量的问题均较少,为最优模式。中央财政转移支付地方项

Phytoplankton community structures revealed by pigment signatures in Norwegian and Greenland Seas in summer 2012

对2012年中国第5次北极科学考察期间的挪威海和格陵兰海两个断面的光合色素进行了高效液相色谱(HPlC)分级分析,通过藻类色素化学分类分析软件(CHEMTAX)获得了不同浮游植物类群对叶绿素A的贡献,进而得到该海域表层和次表层(30 M)的浮游植物群落结构。结果表明:表层总叶绿素A的浓度为23.59 ng/l,低于次表层的30.38 ng/l,其中浮游植物根据粒径划分对总叶绿素A的贡献由高到低依次是微型浮游植物、小型浮游植物和微微型浮游植物。该海域同时存在葱绿叶绿素(PrASInO)、墨角藻黄素(fuCO)、别藻黄素(AllO)、多甲藻素(PErId)、玉米黄素(zEA)、19-丁墨甲藻黄素(19'bf)和19-六已墨甲藻黄素(19'Hf)等色素,其浓度和分布与温盐和营养盐等环境因子存在一定的相关性。不同粒径浮游植物色素组成显示,微微型浮游植物群落中以S型定鞭藻(28%)、n型定鞭藻(21%)、硅藻(18%)和青绿藻(12%)占优;微型浮游植物群落的优势类群为S型定鞭藻(53%)、n型定鞭藻(20%)和硅藻(12%);而小型浮游植物群落主要为硅藻(63%)和甲藻(17%)。Composition of phytoplankton controlled not only the formation of the Food Chain,but also the efficiency of energy transfer.At the same time,phytoplankton influenced the distribution of nutrient and the sedimentation of organic particulate matter.So study of phytoplankton community structures plays an important role in understanding the ecological function of phytoplankton.Photosynthetic pigments needed by photosynthesis,are very good biomarkers.They can be used to research and characterize phytoplankton community structure.Norwegian and Greenland Seas which are influenced by the Arctic water with low temperature and salinity and Atlantic water with high temperature and salinity.Understanding of correlation between environmental factors and phytoplankton community structure,is important for understanding the community structure of the marine organisms and their ecological function.During the 5thChinese Arctic Research Expedition in summer 2012,we analyze the photosynthetic pigments fromNorwegian and Greenland Seas by HPLC.Contributions of different phytoplankton assemblages to Chlorophyll a were obtained by Chemical Taxonomy( CHEMTAX),and thus resulted in composition of the phytoplankton community structure at the surface and subsurface water( about 30 m depth).The result showed that average concentration of Chlorophyll a at surface water was 23.59 ng / L,lower than that at upper water( 30.38 ng / L).The contributions of phytoplankton to Chlorophyll a were nano-> micro-> pico-one.Prasinoxanthin,Fucoxanthin,Alloxanthoxyletin,Peridinin,Zeaxanthin,19'-but-fucoxanthin,19-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin were observed in the waters.Their distributions were relative to environmental factors,including Nutrients,temperature and salinity.These photosynthetic pigments showed negative correlations with temperature and salinity.Whereas they showed positive relations with nutrients,including NO-2,NO-3,SiO3 2-and PO3-4.The correlations of different phytoplankton and environmental factors were different.Diatoms had a very significant positive correlation with SiO3 2-,but had no correlation with PO3-4,NO-2and NO-3; Haptophytes-N had significant positive correlations with PO3-4,NO-2and NO-3; Haptophytes-S also had a positive correlation with PO3-4,but had no correlation with NO-2and NO-3.The maximum values of these photosynthetic pigments,except for Zea and Fuco,existed in the subsurface of the section BB.The distribution and concentration of photosynthetic pigments could explain the distribution and abundance of the phytoplankton to some extent.Not only because the pigments are complex and multiple,but also because there are inevitable errors in the testing and sampling,we cant determine the existence and abundance of the phytoplankton.So we use the CHEMTAX to obtain the contributions of different phytoplankton assemblages to Chlorophyll a,and thus resulted in composition of phytoplankton community structure.The composition of phytoplankton showed that Haptophytes-S( 28%), Haptophytes-N( 21%),Diatoms( 18%),and Prasinophytes( 12%) were main assemblages in the picoplankton; the main composition of nanophytoplankton were Haptophytes-S( 53%),Haptophytes-N( 20%),and Diatoms( 12%); meanwhile, Diatoms( 63%) dominated the microphytoplankton,followed by Dinoflagellates( 17%).Haptophytes-S,Haptophytes-N and Diatoms were dominant species in the surface and subsurface of section BB and AT belonging to the Norwegian and Greenland Sea.If Fucoxanthins and Diatomss existence in picophytoplankton could explain the tendency of phytoplankton to micro and miniaturization,these still need to be more sufficient evidence.国家自然科学基金(41076130;41206189); 南北极环境综合考察与评价专项(CHINARE2011-2015

利用表面增强拉曼光谱快速鉴别卷烟生产中烟用香精香料

烟用香精香料的配方是卷烟工业中的核心技术,也是构建不同特色卷烟产品的关键之一。然而,现有的香精香料质量评价手段主要是人工嗅香和测定某些特定的物性指标,如折光指数、相对密度、酸值、挥发份总量等。在实验室科研中还有使用色谱-质谱联用等方法。但是上述手段仍存在较多问题,比如受主观意识影响,操作繁琐,前处理耗时长,费用高,灵敏度低等。基于此,本文开发了一种利用表面增强拉曼光谱技术结合主成分分析算法来快速鉴别实际生产中不同种类、不同掺兑样的烟用香精香料的方法。本文利用该方法成功获取不同种类、同一种类不同生产批次及烟用香精香料不同掺兑量样品的增强拉曼谱图。经主成分分析表明不同种类以及不同掺兑量样品的散点分布在不同区域,直接区分度高;同一种类不同生产批次的香精香料谱图类似,在散点图中较为集中;说明不同生产批次的样品以及不同掺兑量的样品都可以与其他种类的香精香料标准样品进行有效区分。本文利用表面增强拉曼光谱结合主成分分析算法对烟用香精香料进行检测的方法操作简易,检测快捷,成本低廉,结果便于分析识别,适用于烟用香精香料实际生产中的质量控制。国家自然科学基金(No.21522508)浙江中烟工业有限责任公司科技项目(No.ZJZY2016C002

Purification and characterization of lectin from humoral fluids of Charybdis feriatus

【英文摘要】 To search new sources of lectin, an experiment on lectin distribution in humoral serum of crab Charybdis feriatus (in short, CFL) was conducted March, 2002. When adding solid ammonium sul-fate into the fluids up to 50% saturation at 4℃, most CFL activity showed precipitates who were then continually extracted by ammonium sulfate of different concentrations. The supernatant, which was called primary CFL fluids, was given a 17.60-fold purification and 45.70% recovery of total activity. Finally, by using Sepha...Supported by Project of Technology Bureau of Quanzhou of Fujian Province(Z200239) , and by the Fujian Natural Science Foundation (B0410027

In situ probing electrified interfacial water structures at atomically flat surfaces using Raman spectroscopy

自然界中水无处不在，人们对水分子的研究已经长达一个多世纪。特别是在材料表面，从原子结构层面理解界面水所发生的各种物理和化学过程，将有利于指导能源和环境领域中开发更好的技术和器件。文献中采用振动光谱已经推知了水在金属界面的不同构型，如四配位水、三配位水、表面特性吸附水、自由水等。然而，仍然缺乏这些界面水在不同电位下清晰的构型图像。李剑锋教授课题组采用不受体相水干扰的表面增强拉曼光谱，首次在金（111）和（100）单晶电极表面上获得了界面水的拉曼信号，并且在析氢反应过程中原位观测到了界面水的两种构型转变。发现界面水随着电位的负移，由“平行”结构向“单端氢朝下”，再向“双端氢朝下”变化。程俊教授课题组采用从头算分子动力学理论方法，模拟出不同电位下，在双电层中界面水的三种构型以及相应的氢键数目，与实验数据很好地吻合，进一步揭示了双电层的原子级结构。该研究首次在实验和理论层面，将界面水的构型转变以及氢键断裂与精确的电极电势标尺进行关联，对探知双电层的三维结构具有指导性意义。 该研究工作通过厦门大学校内合作完成，化学化工学院李剑锋教授和程俊教授为通讯作者，田中群教授提供了重要指导。李超禹博士（现美国麻省理工学院博士后）和乐家波博士（现能源材料化学协同创新中心博士后）为共同第一作者，王耀辉博士生在实验上提供了帮助，物理系的陈舒博士和杨志林教授为本工作开展了电磁场增强计算【Abstract】Molecular structures of solid/liquid interfaces are of fundamental interest, and play significantly in the efficiencies of energy storage and conversion. To elucidate the structures of electric double layers at electrochemical interfaces under bias potentials, we have collaborated in situ Raman spectroscopy and ab initio molecular dynamics, and for the first time distinguished two structural transitions of interfacial water at electrified Au(111) and Au(100) single crystal electrode surfaces. Towards negative potentials, the interfacial water molecules evolve from structurally “parallel” to “one-H-down”, and further to “two-H-down”.Concurrently, the number of hydrogen bonds among the interfacial water shows an overall decrease along with the negative shift of the potential, and undergoes two transitions as well. Our findings shed light on fundamental understanding of electric double layers and electrochemical processes at the interfaces.National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants No. 21373166, 21522508, 21775127, 21521004, 21321062 and 21621091). 该工作得到国家自然科学基金委的大力资助，也得到了固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室、谱学分析与仪器教育部重点实验室、能源材料化学协同创新中心的支持