A Method for Assessing the Sustainability of Design in Developing World Projects

Projects for the developing world usually find themselves at the bottom of an engineer’s priority list. There is often very little engineering effort placed on creating new products for the poorest people in the world. This trend is beginning to change now as people begin to recognize the potential for these projects. Engineers are beginning to try and solve some of the direst issues in the developing world and many are having positive impacts. However, the conditions needed to support these projects can only be maintained in the short term. There is now a need for greater sustainability. Sustainability has a wide variety of definitions in both business and engineering. These concepts are analyzed and synthesized to develop a broad meaning of sustainability in the developing world. This primarily stems from the “triple bottom line” concept of economic, social, and environmental sustainability. Using this model and several international standards, this thesis develops a metric for guiding and evaluating the sustainability of engineering projects. The metric contains qualitative questions that investigate the sustainability of a project. It is used to assess several existing projects in order to determine flaws. Specifically, three projects seeking to deliver eyeglasses are analyzed for weaknesses to help define a new design approach for achieving better results. Using the metric as a guiding tool, teams designed two pieces of optometry equipment: one to cut lenses for eyeglasses and the other to diagnose refractive error, or prescription. These designs are created and prototyped in the developed and developing worlds in order to determine general feasibility. Although there is a recognized need for eventual design iterations, the whole project is evaluated using the developed metric and compared to the existing projects. Overall, the success demonstrates the improvements made to the long-term sustainability of the project resulting from the use of the sustainability metric

ANALYSIS OF GROUP PSYCHOLOGY COUNSELLING EFFECT FOR COMPULSORY ISOLATED DRUG REHABILITATION PERSONS ON RELAPSE INCLINATION

目的:探讨团体心理干预对强制隔离戒毒人员复吸倾向所起的作用和效果,为强制隔离戒毒所有效地开展心理矫治工作提供科学依据。方法:实验组26例强戒人员进行团体心理干预,包括:集体讲座、情境模拟、投射练习等各种团体活动。使用复吸倾向性量表在干预前后进行评定,用SPSS社会统计软件进行统计分析,评价干预效果。结果:经过7周的心理干预,实验组的总体和生理唤醒、戒毒行动、家庭关系、情绪管理、戒毒效能感有了明显改善(P<0.01),男女之间存在性别差异(P<0.05)。结论:吸毒人员进入强制隔离戒毒所后,经过7单元的团体心理干预,团体辅导具有效果,团体方案具有针对性和有效性;对戒毒人员的团体干预要注意其性别差异。Objective：This article aims at discussing the effect of group psychology intervention for compulsory isolated drug rehabilitation persons on relapse inclination, providing scientific basis for developing psychological activities in the drug rehabilitation center. Methods：twenty -six compulsory isolated drug rehabilitation persons of the experimental group accepted group psychological intervention, including collective course, scene training, projection practice and so on. The statistics were performed using SPSS software. Results ： After 7 week - long psychological intervention, the experimental group s total and physical arousal, drug action, family relationships, emotion management, drug self - efficacy had a significant improvement （ P 〈 0.01 ）. The men and women＇ s results had a significant difference （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： After entering the compulsory institute, the compulsory isolated drug rehabilitation persons, relapse inclination had a significant improvement or alleviation though the group psychological intervention of 7 week -long, which would help them to wean addicts from their dependence on drugs. The group psychotherapy was targeted and effective. The group psychotherapy for drug abusers needs to notice its sex difference

基于程控仪器标准命令的光缆监测系统设计

光缆线路是光纤通信网络的命脉,为了远程实时监测光缆的性能,迅速定位故障点,通过同步数字系列光传输设备提供的以太网接口使用程控仪器标准命令远控光时域反射计,利用LabVIEW设计并实现了光缆远程监测控制软件。实践表明,应用光缆监测系统后,能够减少处理故障所用的人力物力,极大地缩短处理光缆故障的时间

铜沉淀对直拉硅单晶中洁净区形成的影响

研究普通热处理和快速热处理工艺下直拉单晶硅中过渡族金属铜杂质对洁净区生成的影响.通过腐蚀和光学显微镜研究发现,常规高一低.高三步洁净区生成热处理样品中,第一步高温热处理前对样品铜沾污,样品中没有洁净区生成,高密度的铜沉淀布满了样品整个截面.而第二步、第三步热处理过程中引入铜杂质不影响洁净区的生成.研究表明,高温热处理过程中生成的铜沉淀不能溶解是导致洁净区不能形成的最主要原因.另外,由于不同温度下热处理,导致引入铜杂质的平衡浓度不同,会在一定程度上影响洁净区的厚度.对于快速热处理样品,可以得到相似的结果

动态比浊法定量测定内毒素的标准曲线斜率与回收率的关系

目的：研究动态比浊法定量测定内毒素的标准曲线斜率与回收率的关系。方法：将特征反应时间t（0．02）与相应的内毒素工作标准品浓度或样品稀释倍数的倒数作双对数曲线，计算斜率bs和b。结果：（1）标准曲线与其稀释曲线的斜率bs相等；（2）在稀释倍数为Ds1、Ds2的测定范围内，比值b/bs和Ds1／Ds2决定着回收率α的大小；（3）测定了内毒素工作标准品与鲎试剂反应的斜率bs，大部分斜率bs的数值相同；（4）测定了4种工作标准品的斜率bs、重复性、支间差异；（5）计算了水样品、两性霉素B样品的b／bs值，根据计算，前者满足回收率的要求，后者不满足。结论：根据样品与标准品的b／bs比值、标准品的浓度测定范围，可以计算样品的回收率是否满足中国药典的规定

一种定量测定样品中内毒素浓度的判断方法

一种定量测定样品中内毒素浓度的判断方法，其特征在于：将内毒素标准品和待测样品做系列稀释；与鲎试剂反应，测得浊度值达到一预设浊度时的特征反应时间；将特征反应时间的对数与稀释浓度的对数作曲线，并进而得到标准曲线的斜率bs和样品稀释曲线的斜率b；将二者比值b/bs 的大小作为能否进行定量测定的判断依据，要求b/bs在133-80％之间。本发明提出了定量测定样品中内毒素浓度的判断方法，定量给出了通过标准曲线来计算样品中内毒素浓度的试验误差，也可以与内毒素测定仪、动态比浊定量法配合使用，判断定量测定样品内毒素浓度的试验误差，从而提高了测定结果的准确性。带填