人性化城市设计的源头——结合我国广场建设谈卡米诺·西特的意义

介绍了卡米诺西特在《遵循艺术原则的城市设计》中的设计观点,指出其充分考虑人性空间以及主张灵活多变的手法,并分析其在城市设计中的地位及作用,以及对我国现阶段城市设计尤其是公共空间的启示

长江上游圆口铜鱼的食性分析

2010年春季(4—5月)、夏季(8月)和秋季(10月)在长江上游合江江段采用三层流刺网以3h为间隔昼夜24h连续采集圆口铜鱼样本,对其食物组成、昼夜摄食节律及季节摄食节律等进行分析和研究。结果显示圆口铜鱼的食谱较广,其食物种类包括软体动物、甲壳动物、鱼类、水生昆虫、寡毛类和植物碎片等,其中以淡水壳菜的相对优势度最高,说明圆口铜鱼是以肉食性为主的杂食性鱼类;平均饱满指数和平均充塞度的昼夜变化显示其昼夜摄食节律在春季表现为白昼型,而在夏季和秋季为晨昏型。摄食率随季节变化逐渐降低,春季摄食率最高,达93.33%;秋季摄食率最低,仅为78.21%;充塞度和饱满指数均表现出相似的季节变化,即春季摄食强度明显高于夏季和秋季,而夏秋两季之间差异不显著

Syndrome Index System Screening Based on Expert Questionnaire of Correspondence Between Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome and Symptom of Sub-health

目的:筛选亚健康中医证候指标,建立亚健康证-症对应关系。方法:采用专家问卷调查,考核专家权威系数、协调系数,运用均值,等级和,满分比等方法对亚健康脾气虚证、心气虚证、肺气虚证、肝气郁结证、火证和湿证6个中医证候对应的63个症状进行筛选。共有40位专家参与此次问卷调查。结果:问卷回收率为87.5%,34份有效问卷参与统计分析。问卷单个领域和总体的权威系数均≥0.8,问卷单个领域和总体的专家协调系数检验均具有统计学意义(P<0.01),问卷总体的专家协调系数为0.479。经过筛选,最后筛选出6个亚健康证候所对应的43项症状指标。结论:在保证专家群体具有较高权威性、协调性的情况下,运用专家问卷调查法,结合相关数理评价指标对亚健康中医证候指标体系进行筛选是有效的可行的。Objective: To screen the sub-health traditional Chinese medicine( TCM) syndrome indexes,and establish the corresponding relationship between sub-health syndromes-symptoms. Method: Expert questionnaire survey was used to test the authority coefficient and the coordination coefficient of experts,with use of means,sum of ranks,ratio of full marks to screen 63 symptoms included in the 6 TCM syndromes of spleen-Qi deficiency,heart-Qi deficiency,lung-Qi deficiency,liver stagnation,fire syndrome and dampness syndrome. A total of 40 experts were involved in the questionnaire survey. Result: The questionnaire recovery rate was 87. 5%,and 34 valid questionnaires were involved in statistical analysis. The overall and individual questionnaire authority coefficient was 0. 8 or higher,with statistical significance in overall and individual questionnaire coordination coefficient( P < 0. 01). The overall experts coordination coefficient was 0. 479. After screening,finally 43 symptoms in 6 sub-health syndromes were selected. Conclusion: Under the condition of a high degree of authority and coordination for the experts group,it is effective and feasible to screen the sub-health TCM syndrome indexes by using expert questionnaire survey combined with the relevant mathematical evaluation indexes.国家自然科学基金项目(81403324);; 广东省中医药管理局科研课题(20141211

土家族名医向国鼎教授辨证论治肝硬化验案探析

肝硬化是临床常见的慢性进行性肝脏损伤疾病,临床治疗难度大。向国鼎教授是湖北知名的少数民族老中医,数十年来在该病的诊治中积累了宝贵的经验。认为肝硬化常见病机要素为湿、瘀、气滞等,且肝硬化患者大多存在营养欠佳的情况,因而治疗的全过程注重运用"扶正消癥"之法,常获良效。文章通过选取并分析向国鼎教授的3则典型临证验案,将其治疗肝硬化的经验介绍如下

Analysis of the clinical examples of gastralgia treated by the Tujia famous doctor professor XIANG Guo-ding with cold herbs combining warm herbs as the principal treatment

胃脘痛是消化系统临床常见的中医病证,其病因错综复杂,如治不得法,可致病情反复,变证较多。土家族名老中医向国鼎教授针对胃脘痛的常见病因病机,遵循“同病异治“等中医辨证论治法则,认为治疗消化系统疾患用药切忌偏寒偏热,寒温互用为宜,临证中常以百合与乌药、黄连与吴茱萸、肉桂与黄连等寒温相配药对为主并随证化裁来治疗胃脘痛,取得明显疗效。文章通过选取其晚年的3则典型临证验案,将其采用寒温药并用为主治疗胃脘痛的经验介绍如下。Gastralgia is the clinical common disease or symptom of stomach with anfractuous etiological factor.If gastralgia isn't treated accurately,the pathogenetic condition may be repeated and the other symptoms may occur.Professor XIANG Guo-ding is the Tujia well-known old doctor of traditional Chinese medicine in Hubei and Hunan national minority area.To aim directly at the common etiological factor and pathogenesis of gastralgia,he thinks that if treating gastralgia should follow the rule of 'same disease different treatments' based on Zheng differentiation-treatment,and the medication of traditional Chinese herbs should avoid excessively cold or heat and applying the cold property drug and warm property drug together was best.So he uses the Lilii bulbus and Linderae radix,Coptidis rhizoma and Euodiae fructus,Cinnamomi cortex and Coptidis rhizoma Couple-drugs as the principal drug to treat gastralgia and often obtains good curative effect.In view of the professor XIANG Guo-ding's realization to the gastralgia,the article chosed his three typical clinical cases of treating gastralgia in old age.The experience was introduced to be as follows

SARS冠状病毒核衣壳(N)蛋白不同区域的原核表达

利用大肠杆菌表达系统对SARS冠状病毒的核衣壳(N)蛋白全长及N末端或/和C末端缺失突变体进行了表达,共表达了39个重组蛋白,表达量在15%～30%之间。分别利用电洗脱或金属鳌合介质纯化重组蛋白,用蛋白印迹实验检测纯化蛋白对SARS病人恢复期血清的反应性,结果发现全长N蛋白活性最好,其余的末端缺失蛋白均无法达到同一活性水平。由此说明N蛋白的完整性对于其优势表位的充分暴露是必要的

Drag reduction using riblets downstream of a high Reynolds number inclined forward step flow

Micro-riblet is an efficient passive method for controlling turbulent boundary layers, with the potential to reduce frictional drag. In various applications within the transportation industry, flow separation is a prevalent flow phenomenon. However, the precise drag reduction performance of riblets in the presence of flow separation remains unclear. To address this, an inclined forward step model is proposed to investigate the interaction between riblet and upstream flow separation. The large eddy simulation (LES) method is applied to simulate the flow over geometries with different step angles and riblet positions. The results show riblets still reduce wall frictional resistance when subjected to the upstream flow separation. Remarkably, as the angle of the step increases from 0 degrees to 30 degrees, the drag reduction experiences an increment from 9.5% to 12.6%. From a turbulence statistics standpoint, riblets act to suppress the Reynold stress in the near-wall region and dampen ejection motions, thus weakening momentum exchange. Quadrant analysis reveals that with the augmentation of flow separation, the Q2 motion within the flow field intensifies, subsequently enhancing the riblet-induced drag reduction. Moreover, the position of the rib lets has a significant impact on the pressure drag. Riblets close to the point of separation enhance flow separation, altering the surface pressure distribution and thus increasing the resistance. The results reveal that when the riblets are positioned approximately 160 riblet heights away from the step, their effect on the upstream flow separation becomes negligible. The precise performance of riblets under complex flow conditions is important for their practical engineering application

传染性非典型肺炎病毒核蛋白的表达与活性检测

用PCR方法,人工合成传染性非典型肺炎病毒(SARS-CoV)核蛋白(N)全编码基因,并构建原核表达载体,在大肠杆菌中进行表达。结果重组N蛋白表达产量占菌体总蛋白的40％以上,主要以可溶形式存在。用SARS患者急性期血清进行蛋白印迹检测,表明可溶形式和包含体形式均有明显活性。包含体形式的重组蛋白经纯化后纯度可达90％以上,活性与纯化前相当,可作为SARS抗体诊断试剂盒的抗原原料

一种A型流感病毒NP抗原快速检测试剂的建立

目的建立一种适合现场检测需要的A型流感快速诊断试剂。方法以自制的抗A型流感(FluA)病毒核蛋白(NP)单抗为原料,建立快速检测A型流感病毒的双抗体夹心酶免疫渗滤试验,并对其灵敏度和特异性进行了初步评价。结果该试剂对不同地区流行的各种亚型的A型流感病毒株均有较高的反应性,而对非FluA病毒株无交叉反应。比较该试剂与BD公司的两种流感快速诊断试剂,发现该试剂对随机选取的3株FluA病毒的检测分析灵敏度高出Directigen EZ Flu A试剂5~125倍,对2株FluA病毒的分析灵敏度高出Directigen Flu A试剂约20倍。另外,用该试剂对57份含漱液标本和170份动物拭子标本进行检测,结果显示:本试剂的灵敏度(>85%)和特异性(>95%)均优于当前主流的商品化A型流感快速诊断试剂。结论利用抗FluANP单抗为原料建立了A型流感快速诊断试剂,该试剂的应用无需任何专用仪器,操作简便快速,可满足现场检测需要

戊型肝炎流行区病毒感染的特点

目的　在新的抗体检测试剂基础上了解普通人群戊型肝炎病毒感染特点。方法　利用戊型肝炎病毒多聚化重组抗原组装的抗HEVIgGELISA试剂 (E2 IgG)对山东某地社区普通人群的戊肝感染情况进行检测。结果　本地人群各个年龄组共 2 ,998人中抗HEVIgG抗体总阳性率 (年龄性别标化 )为 14 1% ,男性标化阳性率为 16 2 % ,女性为 11 9%。 2 0岁以下人群戊肝感染率不足 1% ,自 2 0岁起男性和女性分别以每年接近 0 9%和 0 8%的速度平稳上升。戊肝感染者中男性与女性的平均抗体水平基本相同 ,基本上随着年龄的上升 ,人群中感染者的平均抗体水平也缓慢上升。随机选取的 10份E2 IgG阳性血清与抗原的反应均被抗 HEV单克隆抗体明显阻断。结论　该地区为戊肝流行区 ,感染主要发生在成年之后 ,以每年接近 1%的新感染率稳定上升。中小学生中戊肝抗体阳性率极低 ,学校内戊肝暴发的预防应引起高度重视