Architectural Form and Cultural Research of Vernacular Houses in Changting

传统民居根植于农业文明，是与人们生活关系紧密的居住建筑形式，有着丰富的文化内涵和地方特色，是一个地区自然和人文历史的活化石。随着社会经济文化的发展，越来越多的学者开始认识到传统民居的重要性，伴随着他们研究的逐步深入，传统民居建筑及其相关文化方面的研究也受到越来越多的重视。长汀传统民居是中国传统民居建筑的重要组成部分，也是一笔丰厚的建筑文化遗产。 民居风格是一方文化特征的凝固标记。客家人聚族而居，长汀传统民居既承延了先民祖地的文化追求，又凝结了南迁途中耳濡目染的百家之长，同时，还结合了闽西地貌物象特色，凝聚了客家先民的智慧与汗水，是华夏民族风姿独具的脉象符号。本文从研究长汀传统民居建筑形式与文...The vernacular houses are based on the agricultural civilization. Basically, it’s a living architectural form that related people’s daily lives. Also, we can easily to see the history and local specialties in a specific place. With the development of the economy, more and more scholars have realized the importance of vernacular houses. With further research, scholars have begun to focus on the res...学位：工程硕士院系专业：建筑与土木工程学院_建筑历史与理论学号：2522010115167

同安传统民居保护研究——以施氏大厝为例

传统民居是一个城市的特殊文化载体,记录着历史演变的轨迹,有力地证明着民居所在地发展的连续性,因此是一种重要的历史文化资源。施氏大厝是施琅驻防同安时期住宅建筑群的一部份,建于清顺治年间,建筑形制保留比较完好,具有较高的保护价值。通过对同安施氏大厝的整体现状进行研究和分析,促进对闽南古厝建筑文化遗产的认识和保护

Mechanism and Kinetics of Dissociative Adsorption and Oxidation of Dimethyl Ether on Platinum Electrode Surface

二甲醚(Dimethylether，DME)的分子结构简单，具有无毒、环保，能量密度高，渗透效应小，不含C-C键等优点，在燃料电池研究中被认为是理想的甲醇替代燃料之一。虽然在分子结构上DME比甲醇多一个甲基，但是醚键和羟基的反应特性存在着很大差别，因此它在Pt电极上的反应过程更为复杂。 本论文运用循环伏安法(CV)、程序电位扫描技术、程序电位阶跃暂态技术和原位(时间分辨)FTIR光谱深入研究了Pt电极上DME解离吸附和氧化的表面过程和动力学，获得如下重要结果： 1.研究了Pt电极上DME解离吸附和氧化反应机理。首先，DME的解离吸附抑制了Pt电极上氢的吸脱附。随电位升高，CV曲线中依次给出...As the simplest ether, dimethyl ether (DME) lacks of the C-C bond and has a high energy density with negligible crossover effect. It is less toxic than methanol and friendly to the environment. Thus, DME is being considered as one of the promising candidates of alcohols for direct oxidation fuel cells. Since DME has an additional methyl group compared to methanol, its electrochemical behavior appe...学位：理学硕士院系专业：化学化工学院化学系_物理化学(含化学物理)学号：20042513

Metal Oxide Application on Thin Film Solar Cells

太阳能电池是解决能源衰竭和环境污染问题的有效途径之一。在太阳能电池薄膜化发展过程中,金属氧化物因为工艺简单、清洁环保及优良的能带结构成为极具潜力的光伏材料,广泛用于制作各种结构薄膜电池。本文从结构、制备工艺及光电转换效率等方面综述了TI O2、zn O及铜氧化物材料在薄膜太阳能电池的应用研究现状,讨论了各种材料光伏性能的影响因素,并分析了各自的发展趋势及应用前景。Solar cells provide a feasible way to relieve energy crisis and prevent the environment pollution.In the process of developing thin film solar cells,metal oxides are proved as one of the most promising photovoltaic materials due to the simple processing technology,clean,green and the desired band- gap,and they have been widely used on different kinds of thin film solar cells.The research on current application of Ti O2,Zn O and Cux O were introduced from structure,preparation and conversion efficiency of the cell,and the influence factors on photovoltaic property,the future developments and potential applications of each materials were discussed.国家自然科学基金(批准号:61203176); 福建省自然科学基金(批准号:2011J05154;2013J05098

Electrochemical and In Situ FTIR Studies of Adsorption and Oxidation of Dimethyl Ether on Platinum Electrode

运用电化学循环伏安法(CV)和原位傅立叶变换红外(FTIR)反射光谱,研究了不同pH值溶液中二甲醚(DME)在Pt电极上的解离吸附和氧化过程.稳态CV结果给出,在0.1mol·L-1H2SO4溶液中,当电位处于0.05-0.35V(vsRHE)区间,约70%的Pt表面位被DME的解离吸附产物占据.DME电氧化反应的活性随pH值增加而下降,在0.1mol·L-1NaOH溶液中,氢的吸脱附几乎不受抑制且观察不到明显的氧化电流,表明DME醚键上氧原子的质子化是其发生解离吸附和氧化的必要条件.原位FTIR光谱研究给出DME解离吸附和氧化过程的分子水平信息,指出DME在低电位区间解离生成线型吸附态CO(COL)毒性中间体.当电位高于0.55V(vsRHE)时,COL开始氧化为CO2;在0.75-1.00V(vsRHE)的电位区间则可同时发生经活性中间体(HCOOH)的氧化过程.Dissociative adsorption and electrooxidation of dimethyl ether (DME) on a platinum electrode in different pH solutions were studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and in situ FTIR reflection spectroscopy. The coverage of the dissociative adsorbed species was measured about 70% from hydrogen adsorption-desorption region (0.05-0.35 V(vs RHE)) of steady-state voltammogram recorded in 0.1 mol·L-1 H2SO4 solution. It was found that the electrochemical reactivity of DME was pH dependent, i.e., the larger the pH value was, the less the reactivity of DME would be. No perceptible reactivity of DME in 0.1 mol·L-1 NaOH solution could be detected. It was revealed that the protonation of the oxygen atom in the C-O-C bond played a key role in the electrooxidation of DME. In situ FTIR spectroscopic results illustrated that linearly bonded CO (COL) species determined at low potential region were derived from the dissociative adsorption of DME and behaved as 'poisoning' intermediate. The COL species could be oxidized to CO2 at potential higher than 0.55 V (vs RHE), and in the potential range from 0.75 to 1.00 V (vs RHE) DME was oxidized simultaneously via HCOOH species that were identified as the reactive intermediates.国家自然科学基金(20433060,20673091)资助项

Expression of recombinant hARRG cDNA in E.coli and purification of hARRG protein

目的　构建含重组人类抗砷相关基因 (humanarsenicresistencerelatedgene ,hARRG)的表达载体 ,诱导其在转化菌表达 ,分离纯化表达蛋白 ,研究该蛋白质的理化性质、抗砷功能和免疫活性 ,深入研究人类对砷化物的抵抗作用。方法　将hARRGcDNA开放阅读框亚克隆到原核表达载体Pet11C中 ,用异丙基 - β -D -硫代半乳糖苷 (IPTG)诱导表达蛋白质 ,利用阴离子交换柱Sepharose纯化蛋白质 ,SDS -PAGE胶电泳观察结果。 结果　将hARRGcDNA成功亚克隆到原核表达载体Pet11C中 ,并成功在大肠杆菌中表达 ,表达的hARRG蛋白占菌体蛋白的 5 %左右 ,该蛋白质被分离纯化。结论　原核表达载体Pet11C可以在大肠杆菌中表达hARRGcDNA ,可用阴离子交换柱Sepharose纯化抗砷相关蛋白质Objective To construct expression vector of the recombinant human arsenic resistance related gene (hARRG),induce its expression in DE\-3 and isolate and purify expression product,for studying the physiochemistry characteristic,function and immune activity of the protein,and further researching the arsenic resistant effects of human.Methods hARRG cDNA was subcloned into prokaryotic expression vector Pet11C.The recombinant protein expression was induced by IPTG,then,the protein was purified by anions Ion-exchange column Sepharose and examined by SDS-PAGE gel.Results hARRG cDNA was successfully subcloned into prokaryotic expression vector Pet11C and expressed in E.coli and the protein was purified by anions Ion-exchange column successfully.Conclusion Pet11C excpression vector containing hARRG cDNA wassuccessfully constructed,the cell DE\-3 transformed with expression vector capable of expression the gene and a hARRG protein could be purified by anions Ion-exchange column Sepharose.国家自然科学基金资助项目 (30 0 60 0 74

Electrochemical and In Situ FTIR Studies of Adsorption and Oxidation of Dimethyl Ether on Platinum Electrode

Dissociative adsorption and electrooxidation of dimethyl ether (DME) on a platinum electrode in different pH solutions were studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and in situ FTIR reflection spectroscopy. The coverage of the dissociative adsorbed species was measured about 70% from hydrogen adsorption-desorption region (0.05-0.35 V(vs RHE)) of steady-state voltammogram recorded in 0.1 mol center dot L-1 H2SO4 solution. It was found that the electrochemical reactivity of DME was pH dependent, i.e., the larger the pH value was, the less the reactivity of DME would be. No perceptible reactivity of DME in 0.1 mol center dot L-1 NaOH solution could be detected. It was revealed that the protonation of the oxygen atom in the C-O-C bond played a key role in the electrooxidation of DME. In situ FTIR spectroscopic results illustrated that linearly bonded CO (COL) species determined at low potential region were derived from the dissociative adsorption of DME and behaved as 'poisoning' intermediate. The COL species could be oxidized to CO2 at potential higher than 0.55 V (vs RHE), and in the potential range from 0.75 to 1.00 V (vs RHE) DME was oxidized simultaneously via HCOOH species that were identified as the reactive intermediates

ANALYSES ON LDH ISOENZYME AND PROTEIN FROM BOTH GUANGDONG STRAIN AND FUJIAN STRAIN OF ECHINOCHASMUS FUJIANENSIS

目的　探讨福建与广东两地福建棘隙吸虫生化特点。方法　用不连续聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳及薄层等电聚焦电泳等进行比较分析虫体乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH)同工酶和蛋白质。结果　福建与广东两地虫株都有 5种LDH同工酶 ,其中LDH1、LDH4 和LDH5的迁移率相同 ;蛋白质电泳都分离出 9条区带 ,其中有 7条带的等电点相同。但在LDH2 和LDH3 的迁移率 ,蛋白质区带的相对含量 ,同工酶的总活力与比活力 ,以及A和B亚基的含量等存在差异。结论　LDH同工酶与蛋白质的某些差异 ,可归因为基因型相似条件下所出现两地虫株生化遗传上差异Aim\ Inguired into the biochemical characteristrics of Echinochasmus fujianensis found in Fujian and Guangdong provinces. Methods\ Compared and analysed two strains by LDH isoenzyme eletrophoresis, discontinuous PAGE and thinlayer isoelectric equilibrium PAGE.Results\ Two strains both had five LDH isoenzyme, among them, LDH\-1、LDH\-4 and LDH\-5 had the same mobilities. There were nine bands in protein electrophoresis. Seven bands had the same isoelectric point.But there were differences in the mobilities of LDH\-2 and LDH\-3,the comparative amount of protein bands, total and specific activity of isoenzyme and the amount of A and B subunit. Conclusion Under the similar condition of genotypes, the differences of the biochemical inheritance can be contributed to the differences of LDH isoenzyme and protein.福建省科技计划基金资助项目!(No.98-Z-156);; 福建省“百千万人才”人选培养资金资助项

SURVEY OF MIXED INFECTIONS OF FISH-BORNE TREMATODES IN PINYUAN COUNTY AND DNA(RAPD)ANALYSIS

目的　调查广东省平远县棘隙吸虫及其他鱼源性吸虫混合感染情况。方法　对鱼类宿主取鱼鳃和鱼肉等组织 ,镜检囊蚴 ;用水洗过筛沉淀法粪检虫卵 ,部分虫卵阳性动物解剖检查。采用DNA -RAPD技术 ,比较福建棘隙吸虫广东株与福建株。结果　查出华支睾吸虫 (Clonorchissinensis)、东方次睾吸虫 (Metorchisorientalis)、福建棘隙吸虫 (Echinochasmusfujianensis)、日本棘隙吸虫 (E japonicus)、抱茎棘隙吸虫 (E perfoliatus)和钩棘单睾吸虫 (Haplorchispumilio) 6种。第二中间宿主为麦穗鱼等 11种 ,感染率 48 3% (182 / 377) ,有 92 4%的阳性鱼混合感染 2种以上吸虫囊蚴。保虫宿主狗、猫感染率 79 2 % (19/ 2 4) ,每只阳性动物均有 2种以上吸虫混合感染。 15个引物在福建棘隙吸虫广东株与福建株两者共获DNA片段 185个 ,共享度 (F) =0 984,遗传距离 (D) =0 0 16。结论　当地为人兽共患的多种鱼源性吸虫混合感染区。形态学观察和分子生物学检测结果相印证 ,福建棘隙吸虫广东株与福建棘隙吸虫福建株为同一虫种。Aim To seek the possible existence of mixed infections of Echinochasmus fujianensis and other fish-borne tremtodes in Pinyuan county,Guangdong.Methods Metacercariae of trematodes were detected from gills,muscles and some other tissues of freshwater fish and examintd under microscopy Sedimentation pocedures were used to observe parasite ova in stool Adult worms were obtained from definitive animal hosts upon dissection Experimental animal infection were performed from metacercariae of E fujianensis strains in Fujian and Guangdong,and it's DNA analysis Random amplified Polymorphic DNA(RAPD).Results Six species of trematodes were found,including Clonorchis sinensis,Metorchis orientalis,E fujanensis, E japonicus,E perfoliatus and Haplorchis pumilio Eleven species of freshwater fish comprising Pseudorasbora parve were identified as the second intermediate hosts,with an average positive rate of 48 33%(182/377) The overall mixed infection animal were contracted with 2 or more species Dogs and cats were detected to be reservoir hosts,the total infection rate being 79 2%(19/24).92 4% of infecded fish were contracted with 2 or 6 speies of the metacercariae of trematodes 185 DNA fragments were obtained by 15 primers,F=0 894 and D=0 016 between E fujianensis Guandong and Fujian strain Conclusion There are six species of fish-borne trematodes which may cause infections in human and animal in the regions E fujianensis Guangdong stain and Fujian strain are the same species福建省科技计划基金!资助项目 (No 98-Z - 1 56);; 福建省“百千万人才”人选培养资

The effects of iron and manganese on nutritional physiology in juvenile gibel carp, Carassius auratus gibelio, and the toxic effects of free gossypol on hematological parameters of two fishes

本研究由微量元素铁锰对异育银鲫营养生理的影响和游离棉酚对两种鱼血液毒理学的影响两部分组成。微量元素铁锰对异育银鲫营养生理的影响采用微流水养殖系统，以异育银鲫为实验对象，在半精制饲料中添加不同含量的铁或锰，通过长期生长实验，采用特定生长率、饲料效率、存活率、组织铁或锰蓄积等测定指标来确定异育银鲫幼鱼对微量元素铁和锰的需求量。游离棉酚对两种鱼血液毒理学影响的研究采用流水系统，以南方鲶和鲤作为研究对象，通过急性实验，探究腹腔注射游离棉酚对南方鲶和鲤血液指标的影响。 主要结果和结论如下： 1．饲料铁含量对异育银鲫的特定生长率、饲料效率、存活率、红细胞数、血红蛋白、红细胞平均体积、红细胞平均血红蛋白量以及红细胞平均血红蛋白浓度均没有显著性影响(P>0.05)。但是，饲料铁含量对异育银鲫的肝铁蓄积和血球容积比有显著性影响(P<0.05)。基于需维持异育银鲫幼鱼适宜的肝铁蓄积和血球容积比的考虑，异育银鲫幼鱼对微量元素铁的需求量应为202 mg Fe/kg。 2. 饲料中的不同锰含量对异育银鲫的摄食量没有显著性影响。但是饲料中的不同锰含量对异育银鲫的特定生长率、饲料效率、肥满度、肝脏总超氧化物歧化酶酶和组织锰蓄积有显著性影响(P>0.05)。随着饲料锰含量的增加，异育银鲫的特定生长率、饲料效率、肝脏总超氧化物歧化酶酶活性和组织锰蓄积显著性增加，而肥满度显著性降低(P<0.05)。基于需维持异育银鲫幼鱼必要的增重和适宜的组织锰蓄积，异育银鲫幼鱼对微量元素锰的需求量为13.77 mg Mn/kg。 3. 南方鲶对游离棉酚的24-h, 48-h, 72-h, 96-h半致死量分别为225.21 mg/kg, 84.62 mg/kg, 59.91 mg/kg, 55.68 mg/kg。注射高剂量游离棉酚实验鱼的血液指标（RBC, Hb和Ht）48h后显著低于其他处理组(P0.05)。和对照组实验鱼的红细胞形态相比，注射高剂量游离棉酚实验鱼的红细胞形态异常并发生溶血。实验结果表明：游离棉酚会导致实验鱼贫血，其机制之一可能是溶血性贫血。 4. 鲤对游离棉酚的24-h, 48-h, 72-h, 96-h半致死量分别为236.80 mg/kg, 118.27 mg/kg, 80.96 mg/kg, 71.11 mg/kg。注射高剂量游离棉酚实验鱼的血液指标（RBC, Hb和Ht）48h后显著低于其他处理组(P0.05)。和对照组实验鱼的红细胞脆性相比，注射高剂量游离棉酚实验鱼的红细胞脆性增加。实验结果表明：游离棉酚会导致实验鱼贫血，其机制之一是溶血性贫血