A STUDY ON OPTIMAL STRATEGY OF POWER CONSUMPTION CONTROL BASED ON MARKOV DECISION PROCESS

It is obvious that a contract on the consumption of electricity must be kept in order to well operate companies from the view point of cost-effectiveness and eco-friendliness. In general, if the amount of the electricity consumption is over the contract demand, the company must owe the excessive penalty cost. In such a background, we are curious about the optimum switching strategy of air-conditioners which may occupy the large amount of the operation cost. In this thesis, we use a Markov decision process model to analyze the optimum switching policies. In addition, we also take into account the possibility of failure occurrences of air-conditioners and other factors in the modeling

A STUDY ON OPTIMAL STRATEGY OF POWER CONSUMPTION CONTROL BASED ON MARKOV DECISION PROCESS

It is obvious that a contract on the consumption of electricity must be kept in order to well operate companies from the view point of cost-effectiveness and eco-friendliness. In general, if the amount of the electricity consumption is over the contract demand, the company must owe the excessive penalty cost. In such a background, we are curious about the optimum switching strategy of air-conditioners which may occupy the large amount of the operation cost. In this thesis, we use a Markov decision process model to analyze the optimum switching policies. In addition, we also take into account the possibility of failure occurrences of air-conditioners and other factors in the modeling

ダイチョウ カリュウ サイボウシュ Granular Cell Tumor ノ 1レイ

症例は47 歳、男性。検診の便潜血反応が陽性であったため大腸内視鏡検査が行われた。その際、盲腸に約10 mm 大の粘膜下腫瘤が見られた。粘膜面に出血、びらん、潰瘍形成はなく、黄白調を呈していた。また腫瘍は非常に硬く、粘膜下層を主体に増殖しており、内視鏡的にはカルチノイド腫瘍との鑑別が困難であった。病理組織学的にはPAS 染色陽性を示す顆粒を胞体内に有する腫瘍細胞の増殖が見られ、これらはS-100 蛋白、Neuron Specific Enolase （NSE ）陽性を示すことから、大腸に発生した顆粒細胞腫と診断された。　大腸顆粒細胞腫は比較的まれな大腸粘膜下腫瘍であり、今回我々が経験した症例は内視鏡的切除により治療効果が得られたと考えられる。しかしながら、本疾患は発生部位や腫瘍の色調などによってはカルチノイド腫瘍との鑑別が困難となり、悪性化の可能性があることを念頭に入れておくべき疾患である。　キーワード：顆粒細胞腫(Granular Cell Tumor)、大腸、S-100 蛋白、Neuron Specific　Enolase(NSE)、大腸内視鏡的粘膜切除Granular cell tumors are uncommon, usually benign tumors that can be located anywhere in the body. They commonly occur in the oral cavity, esophagus and subcutaneous tissue. In the gastrointestinal tract, granular cell tumors are quite rare in the colon. To date, forty-four Japanese patients with granular cell tumor have been reported in the literature. We describe the case of a 47-year-old Japanese man with granular cell tumor of the colon after screening colonoscopy. A 10 mm-sized submucosal tumor was found in the cecum. Endoscopical examination revealed the submucosal tumor elastic-hard mass and endoscopic ultrasonography demonstrated a submucosal hypoecoic and well-circumscribed nodule, involving the mucosa, being difficult to distinguish the tumor from carcinoid tumor of the colorectum. Histologically, the tumor consisted of granular tumor cells that were positive for S-100 protein, neuron specific enolase (NSE), and PAS stain.　Since granular cell tumors are usually benign, we suggest a conservative approach for patients with this tumor of the colorectum by means of endoscopic resection and strict endoscopic follow-up.　Key words ：Granular cell tumor, colon, S-100 protein, neuron specific enolase, endoscopic resectio