Investigation on the Synthesis and Application of Fluorescent Probes for Hypochlorous Acid

分子传感器的重要特征就是能够将物质的化学组成信息转换为可测量的光电信号，因而具有灵敏度高、操作简便、易于实现快速检测的优点。由于它在生物、能源、环境、卫生防疫、军事国防中的重要应用，已成为目前国际分析化学前沿性研究热点之一。香豆素及萘酰亚胺具有良好的光谱性能，在分子传感器的设计中已有广泛的应用。本文在前人工作的基础上根据一些特异性化学反应设计合成了若干光学分子传感器。本论文共分四章，分别包括以下内容： 第一章，绪论。首先简要介绍了光学分子传感器的基本概念、研究现状和发展趋势；其次介绍了次氯酸及生理毒性汞离子光学分子传感器的研究现状和进展；最后，对这些相关研究进行分析总结，结合本实验室的工...Optical molecular chemosensors (OMCSs) obtain one of the most important point is that it can transform the information of chemical composition in substance to the analytical useful signals. So it has the advantages of high sensitivity, easily operate and fast detection. Owing to the application in the field of biology, energy, environment, sanitation and national defence, OMCS has become one of fr...学位：理学硕士院系专业：化学化工学院化学系_分析化学学号：2052008115164

Effects of dimethoate and triazophos on ultra-structural lesions in gill of Sinonovacula constricta

在实验室模拟缢蛏生长环境,研究结构、性质不同的两种典型有机磷农药(OPs)乐果和三唑磷对滩涂养殖生物缢蛏的毒性效应,通过电镜观察乐果和三唑磷对缢蛏鳃超微结构的影响。结果发现:乐果和三唑磷对缢蛏鳃超微结构的影响主要表现在对细胞核和各种细胞器(如线粒体、内质网、高尔基体)的伤害。主要病变为:细胞核变形,核膜凸起或凹陷,染色质发生凝聚或边缘化;线粒体肿大,双层膜溶解,内嵴部分消失;个别线粒体内嵴完全瓦解,形成电子透明区;粗面内质网水肿,核糖体部分脱落,片层结构间距增大;高尔基膜囊水肿,膜溶解,高尔基小泡破裂消失。本研究为了解不同OPs对缢蛏的毒性效应提供了病理形态学证据,为预测OPs对近海海洋生物及人类健康的影响提供有力的证据,为规范OPs的应用、制定海洋环境质量标准提供了部分基础理论依据。The toxic effects of two typical organophosphorous pesticides(OPs),dimethoate and triazophos,on Sinonovacula constricta(Lamarck) living in the intertidal sediment were investigated in this study.S.constricta was cultured in the simulate laboratory and the razor living surrounding.Samples were taken at 14d after exposed to OPs.The concentrations of OPs were determined with GC.The ultra-structure changes in gill epithelium of S.constricta were observed with an electron microscope.The ultra-structure in gill was destroyed when exposed to dimethoate and triazophos.The symptoms presented as lesions of nuclear,cellular organelles such as mitochondria,rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus.The nuclear became malformed.The nuclear envelopes were either convex or concave.The chromatin became agglomerated or on the edge.Mitochondria swelled up,and the cristae of mitochondria disintegrated partly,some disintegrated completely and became transparent electronic density area.The rough endoplasmic reticulum swelled up and ribosome fell from the rough endoplasmic reticulum.The lamina structure swelled and the space between them enlarged.The follicles of Golgi apparatus swelled,the membrane dissolved,and the vesicles disintegrated even disappeared.The results provided the pathologic and morphologic evidences for the toxic effects of OPs on S.constricta.The addition of histopathological lesions and OPs level in bivalve could be helpful to assess comprehensively the effects of OPs on S.constricta and the surrounding environment,furthermore to forecast the effects of OPs on the aquatic biota and human health.The study provided a partial theoretical support for establishing a criterion of OPs of the marine environment

Ultra-structual lesions in digestive gland of Sinonovacula constricta effected by dimethoate and triazophos

在实验室模拟缢蛏生长环境,研究结构、性质不同的两种典型有机磷农药(OPs)乐果和三唑磷对滩涂养殖生物缢蛏的毒性效应,通过电镜观察乐果和三唑磷对缢蛏消化腺超微结构的影响.结果发现,乐果和三唑磷对缢蛏消化腺超微结构的影响相似,主要表现在对腺细胞的细胞核和各种细胞器(如线粒体、内质网、高尔基体)的伤害.主要病变为:细胞核变形,核膜或凸起或凹陷,染色质发生凝聚或边缘化;线粒体肿大,双层膜溶解,内嵴部分消失;个别线粒体内嵴完全瓦解,形成电子透明区;粗面内质网水肿,核糖体部分脱落,片层结构水肿、囊泡化,严重者出现大的囊泡区.本研究为了解不同OPs对缢蛏的毒性效应提供了病理形态学证据.The toxic effects of two typical organophosphorous pesticides (OPs), dimethoate and triazophos, on Sinonovacula constricta (Lamarck) living in the intertidal sediment were investigated in this study. S. constricta were cultured in the laboratory simulating the razor living surrounding. Samples were taken at 14d after exposed to OPs. The concentrations of OPs were determined with GC. Ultra-structure changes in digestive glandular epithelium of S. constricta were observed with an electron microscope. The ultra-structure of digestive gland was destroyed when exposed to dimethoate and triazophos. Symptoms had presented as lesions of nuclear, cellular organelles such as mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. The nuclear became malformed. The nuclear envelopes were either convex or concave. And the chromatin became agglomerated or on the edge. Mitochondria swelled up, and the cristae of mitochondria disintegrated partly, some completely and became transparent electronic density area. The rough endoplasmic reticulum swelled up and ribosome fell from the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The lamina structure swelled up, dilated, and appeared vacuolation or even formed large vacuolated area. The study provided pathologic and morphologic evidences for the toxic effects of OPs on S. constricta

Study of hydrodynamics and its impact on mariculture carrying capacity of Sanggou Bay:observation and modeling

主要介绍了从动力学研究桑沟湾养殖容量的主要思路、方法及结果。研究以精细过程观测为基础,以数值模型为手段,从物理海洋学角度考察养殖海区水动力特征,研究水动力对物质循环的影响、对颗粒态/溶解态营养物质的补充和对养殖生物量的影响,探寻不同养殖模式效果的技术路线;介绍了两个航次设计方案与目的。通过观测发现养殖对水动力垂直结构有很大影响,底层流速最大并滞后表层,发现弱动力条件下海底颗粒物和营养盐无法进入水体上层的事实。据此提出双边界层动力模型,建立一维数值模型进行机制探讨,将养殖阻力三维化建立水动力数值模型,定量给出养殖对水动力和水交换的阻碍;以此驱动三维养殖生态模型,充分考虑养殖对水动力的影响、水动力对生源要素的输运。建立了一个真正的物理-生物过程耦合模型。利用该模型进行的数值模拟和实验表明,贝藻兼养多元养殖是健康、高效养殖的有利措施;桑沟湾在现有养殖模式下,目前已基本达到了它的养殖容量,养殖品种分布不变,减少养殖密度至目前的0.9倍会略微提高产量,降低成本;减少湾口海带养殖密度,会大幅度提高贝藻兼养区的营养盐总量和养殖生物产量,从海带与贝类经济价值对比会有更高的效益。人为提高水动力混合或许是解决湾内营养盐缺乏的途径。The background and themes of dynamic study on mariculture carrying capacity of Sanggou Bay were described.The method used for this study was based on the fine processes observation,using physical oceanography theory and numerical model to examine the interaction between mariculture and hydrodynamics in Sanggou Bay.Design proposal and purposes for two cruises were introduced.Based on the observation we found that the kelp and the raft influenced the current vertical structure greatly,and the maximum velocity was at the lower layer with strong phase delay.It was also found that the damped current was too weak to mix the sediment detritus and nutrients into the upper layer.Based on these discoveries a double drag-boundary hydrodynamic model was proposed by adding the aquaculture drag at surface.The mechanism of kelp influence on the current profile was studied numerically by a one-dimension model.Considering the kelp drag in the water column besides the boundary drag,a three-dimension hydrodynamic model was adopted to quantify the influence of the aquaculture on hydrodynamics and water exchange of Sanggou Bay.A physical-biological coupled aquaculture ecosystem model was established using DIN,POM concentration and phytoplankton with kelp biomass as variable.The simulation and numerical experiments showed that polyculture was a useful method for healthy and high-efficiency aquaculture.Sanggou Bay has nearly reached its capacity under present aquaculture mode.By cutting down aquaculture density to 0.9 fold of the present density,the total production of kelp will slightly increase and the cost will be reduced.Cutting down the kelp density at the mouth of the bay could greatly enhance the amount of nutrients and biomass in the kelp-bivalve-culture area in the inner side.Artificial mixing might bring more nutrients from seabed in the bay.国家基础研究规划重点项目(2006CB400602);国家重点基金项目(40830854)共同资

PHOTOBACTERIUM PHOSPHOREUM FLOW INJECTION ANALYSIS SYSTEM AND ITS APPLICATIONS

本文以明亮发光杆菌(PHOTObACTErIuMPHOSPHOrEuM)作为污染物质毒性检测的指示生物,探讨了有机磷农药、酸、碱、酚等污染物对发光细菌的毒性作用;研究了PH值、温度对有机磷农药降解的影响;测定了该体系对水体中的部分重金属离子、无机离子、阴离子洗涤剂SdS和大肠杆菌的检测灵敏度;并对采自于厦门市区的若干水样进行监测分析.With photobacterium phosphoreum as a bioindicator,a rapid,simple and reproducible Flow injection analysis system has been established.The toxicities of the organophos-phorus pesticides,acid,alkali and phenol to photobacterium phosphoreum were probed into.The eFFects of pH, temperature on decomposition of organophosphorus pesticides were studied, the detrimental values of some heavy metal ions, inorganic anions, SDS and colin bacillus were determined.Some water samples From Xiamen were analyzed.福建省自然科学基金资助项

栅藻藻渣营养成分分析及蛋白提取工艺优化

研究了二形栅藻藻渣的蛋白提取工艺及氨基酸组成,在测定藻渣蛋白等电点的基础上考察了浸提液p H值、液料比、浸提温度与时间对蛋白提取率的影响.由正交实验得出提取藻渣蛋白的最佳工艺条件为:浸提液p H值12、液料比40 m L/g、浸提温度45℃、浸提时间140 min,该条件下藻渣蛋白提取率为40.13%.所制藻渣蛋白氨基酸种类齐全,比例均衡,可作为理想的人蛋白来源.必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量的44.3%.蛋白质的必需氨基酸指数、氨基酸评分、化学评分、生物价、营养指数和氨基酸比值系数评分分别为82.24,63.32,46.66,77.94,35.84和74.21

管道天然气水合物的风险管理抑制策略

随着深海油气资源的逐渐开发，传统天然气水合物防治方法的局限性越来越明显，低剂量天然气水合物抑制剂（LDHI）的使用逐渐受到关注和重视，管道天然气水合物的抑制策略也正在发生转变。为此，介绍了国内外天然气水合物抑制技术的最新进展，分析了目前采用热力学抑制剂完全抑制天然气水合物策略的局限性，结合笔者自己的研究成果，整合提出了管道天然气水合物的风险管理对策，即允许管道中形成天然气水合物，通过对天然气水合物流体的控制来实现油气管道的安全畅通运行。分析比较后指出：风险管理抑制策略必将成为管道天然气水合物的主要抑制策略，将有可能为石油天然气工业带来巨大的经济效益

制冷系统TBAB水合物浆的安全流动研究

利用实验环道,进行了TBAB水合物浆在管道中的流动特性、沉积特性等实验,结果表明在管道中TBAB的初始浓度比较小（小于20%）的情况下,管道中生成少量的水合物,形成比较均匀的水合物浆,不会出现严重的黏附现象。当TBAB的初始浓度达到20%以上同时温度达到4~5℃时,会在管道中形成大量的水合物,而且水合物很容易在管壁上黏附沉积,造成管道内流通面积显著减少,甚至堵塞管道,给生产带来危险,而添加浓度大于3%的Span80可以有效的减缓颗粒的聚集。通过分析认为造成TBAB水合物颗粒在管道中沉积主要作用力是分子扩散