Effects of dimethoate and triazophos on ultra-structural lesions in gill of Sinonovacula constricta

在实验室模拟缢蛏生长环境,研究结构、性质不同的两种典型有机磷农药(OPs)乐果和三唑磷对滩涂养殖生物缢蛏的毒性效应,通过电镜观察乐果和三唑磷对缢蛏鳃超微结构的影响。结果发现:乐果和三唑磷对缢蛏鳃超微结构的影响主要表现在对细胞核和各种细胞器(如线粒体、内质网、高尔基体)的伤害。主要病变为:细胞核变形,核膜凸起或凹陷,染色质发生凝聚或边缘化;线粒体肿大,双层膜溶解,内嵴部分消失;个别线粒体内嵴完全瓦解,形成电子透明区;粗面内质网水肿,核糖体部分脱落,片层结构间距增大;高尔基膜囊水肿,膜溶解,高尔基小泡破裂消失。本研究为了解不同OPs对缢蛏的毒性效应提供了病理形态学证据,为预测OPs对近海海洋生物及人类健康的影响提供有力的证据,为规范OPs的应用、制定海洋环境质量标准提供了部分基础理论依据。The toxic effects of two typical organophosphorous pesticides(OPs),dimethoate and triazophos,on Sinonovacula constricta(Lamarck) living in the intertidal sediment were investigated in this study.S.constricta was cultured in the simulate laboratory and the razor living surrounding.Samples were taken at 14d after exposed to OPs.The concentrations of OPs were determined with GC.The ultra-structure changes in gill epithelium of S.constricta were observed with an electron microscope.The ultra-structure in gill was destroyed when exposed to dimethoate and triazophos.The symptoms presented as lesions of nuclear,cellular organelles such as mitochondria,rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus.The nuclear became malformed.The nuclear envelopes were either convex or concave.The chromatin became agglomerated or on the edge.Mitochondria swelled up,and the cristae of mitochondria disintegrated partly,some disintegrated completely and became transparent electronic density area.The rough endoplasmic reticulum swelled up and ribosome fell from the rough endoplasmic reticulum.The lamina structure swelled and the space between them enlarged.The follicles of Golgi apparatus swelled,the membrane dissolved,and the vesicles disintegrated even disappeared.The results provided the pathologic and morphologic evidences for the toxic effects of OPs on S.constricta.The addition of histopathological lesions and OPs level in bivalve could be helpful to assess comprehensively the effects of OPs on S.constricta and the surrounding environment,furthermore to forecast the effects of OPs on the aquatic biota and human health.The study provided a partial theoretical support for establishing a criterion of OPs of the marine environment

Ｒetrieval of Secchi disk depth using MODIS satellite remote sensing and in situobservations in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea

海水透明度是描述水体光学特征的一个重要参数,也是海洋水质调查中的一个重要指标。利用2个航次的黄东海透明度数据和MODIS遥感反射率数据,进行了黄东海透明度的遥感反演研究,建立了透明度单波段模型、波段比值模型、三波段模型以及基于固有光学特性的半分析模型。结果表明,三波段模型具有较高精度,反演值与实测值之间的平均相对误差为19%、决定系数为0.719、均方根误差为1.47 m。黄东海透明度估测模型的建立,有利于利用遥感影像对黄东海透明度进行全面估测,对于监测黄东海水质状况具有重要意义

Ultra-structual lesions in digestive gland of Sinonovacula constricta effected by dimethoate and triazophos

在实验室模拟缢蛏生长环境,研究结构、性质不同的两种典型有机磷农药(OPs)乐果和三唑磷对滩涂养殖生物缢蛏的毒性效应,通过电镜观察乐果和三唑磷对缢蛏消化腺超微结构的影响.结果发现,乐果和三唑磷对缢蛏消化腺超微结构的影响相似,主要表现在对腺细胞的细胞核和各种细胞器(如线粒体、内质网、高尔基体)的伤害.主要病变为:细胞核变形,核膜或凸起或凹陷,染色质发生凝聚或边缘化;线粒体肿大,双层膜溶解,内嵴部分消失;个别线粒体内嵴完全瓦解,形成电子透明区;粗面内质网水肿,核糖体部分脱落,片层结构水肿、囊泡化,严重者出现大的囊泡区.本研究为了解不同OPs对缢蛏的毒性效应提供了病理形态学证据.The toxic effects of two typical organophosphorous pesticides (OPs), dimethoate and triazophos, on Sinonovacula constricta (Lamarck) living in the intertidal sediment were investigated in this study. S. constricta were cultured in the laboratory simulating the razor living surrounding. Samples were taken at 14d after exposed to OPs. The concentrations of OPs were determined with GC. Ultra-structure changes in digestive glandular epithelium of S. constricta were observed with an electron microscope. The ultra-structure of digestive gland was destroyed when exposed to dimethoate and triazophos. Symptoms had presented as lesions of nuclear, cellular organelles such as mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. The nuclear became malformed. The nuclear envelopes were either convex or concave. And the chromatin became agglomerated or on the edge. Mitochondria swelled up, and the cristae of mitochondria disintegrated partly, some completely and became transparent electronic density area. The rough endoplasmic reticulum swelled up and ribosome fell from the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The lamina structure swelled up, dilated, and appeared vacuolation or even formed large vacuolated area. The study provided pathologic and morphologic evidences for the toxic effects of OPs on S. constricta

Fabrication and Performance of Cu_6Sn_5 Alloy Anode Using Porous Cu as Current Collector

以氢气泡为动力学模板电沉积获得多孔铜,并通过热处理增强其结构稳定性.进一步将多孔铜作为基底通过电沉积制备Cu-Sn合金负极.Xrd结果给出其组成为Cu6Sn5合金,扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察到Cu6Sn5合金电极为三维(3d)多孔结构.充放电结果指出,Cu6Sn5合金电极具有较好的充放电性能,其首次放电(嵌锂)和充电(脱锂)容量分别为735和571MAH·g-1,并且具有较好的容量保持率.运用电化学阻抗谱研究了Cu6Sn5合金电极在商业电解液中的界面特性.Porous Cu was fabricated by electrodeposition through a kinetic template of hydrogen bubbles.The product was subsequently annealed to increase its structural stability.The Cu-Sn alloy was then electrodeposited onto porous Cu which served as a current collector.X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies ascertained that the composition of the Cu-Sn alloy was Cu6Sn5 and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigations showed a three-dimensional (3D) porous structure of the electrode.The first charge/discharge capacities of the Cu6Sn5 alloy electrode were measured respectively at 735 and 571 mAh·g-1,and a good retention of the capacities has been determined.Interfacial properties of the Cu6Sn5 alloy electrode in a commercial electrolyte were also studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).国家重点基础研究发展规划(973)项目(2009CB220102)资

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Study on Phase Transformation of Cu_6Sn_5 Alloy Anode

以粗糙铜箔为基底,采用一步电沉积法获得Cu-Sn合金,X射线衍射(Xrd)测试结果显示其主要为Cu6Sn5合金相.扫描电子显微镜(SEM)测试结果表明该合金表面由大量“小岛“组成,且每个“小岛“上存在大量纳米合金粒子.充放电测试结果表明,以该合金为锂离子电池负极,其初始放电(嵌锂)和充电(脱锂)容量分别为461和405MAH·g-1.电化学阻抗谱测试结果显示,Cu6Sn5合金电极在阴极极化过程中分别出现了代表固体电解质界面膜(SEI膜)阻抗、电荷传递阻抗和相变阻抗的圆弧,并详细分析了它们的变化规律.The Cu-Sn alloy electrode was prepared by a one-step electrodepositing method using rough Cu foil as the substrate,and was determined as the intermetallic composite of Cu6Sn5 using an X-ray diffraction(XRD) method.The electrode surface morphology was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) which displayed "small islands" structure with many nano-particles on it.The first discharge and charge capacities were determined as 461 and 405 mAh·g-1,respectively.Electrochemical impedance spectra(EIS) indicated that there appeared three arcs in the Nyquist plots respectively representing the impedance of solid electrolyte interphase film,charge transfer and phase transformation in the first lithiation,and their evolutive principles were also investigated.国家重点基础研究和发展规划(973)(No.2009CB220102);国家自然科学基金(No.20773102)资助项

LiCoO_2电极/电解液界面特性的电化学阻抗谱研究

运用电化学阻抗谱研究了LiCoO2电极在电解液中的贮存和首次脱锂过程.发现LiCoO2电极在电解液中,随浸泡时间延长其表面SEI膜不断增厚,归结为LiCoO2电极与电解液之间的自发反应导致生成一些高介电常数的有机碳酸锂化合物.研究结果指出LiCoO2电极首次脱锂过程中,SEI膜在3.8~3.95V电位区间发生可逆坍塌,对应其可逆溶解;由于过充反应,当电位大于4.2VSEI膜迅速增厚.研究结果同时表明,Li/LiCoO2电池体系的感抗来源于充放电过程中LiCoO2电极中存在LiCoO2/Li1?xCoO2局域浓差电池.发现锂离子在LiCoO2电极中的嵌脱过程可较好地用Langmuir嵌入等温式和Frumkin嵌入等温式描述,测得LiCoO2电极中锂离子嵌脱过程中电荷传递反应的对称因子α=0.5.国家重点基础研究发展计划资助项目(批准号:2002CB211804

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Study on Phase Transformation of Cu6Sn5 Alloy Anode

The Cu-Sn alloy electrode was prepared by a one-step electrodepositing method using rough Cu foil as the substrate, and was determined as the intermetallic composite Of Cu6Sn5 using an X-ray diffraction (XRD) method. The electrode surface morphology was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) which displayed "small islands" structure with many nano-particles on it. The first discharge and charge capacities were determined as 461 and 405 mAh.g(-1), respectively. Electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) indicated that there appeared three arcs in the Nyquist plots respectively representing the impedance of solid electrolyte interphase film, charge transfer and phase transformation in the first lithiation, and their evolutive principles were also investigated

Effects of temperature on the intercalation-deintercalation process of lithium ion in LiCOO2

The temperature dependent properties of the impedance spectral characters, the electronic resistance, the resistances of the SEI (solid electrolyte interphase) film as well as the charge transfer reaction of the LiCoO2 electrode in 1 mol/L LiPF6-EC (ethylene carbonate); DEC (diethyl carbonate):DMC (dimethyl carbonate) and I mol/L LiPF6-PC (propylene carbonate):DMC+5% VC (vinylene carbonate) electrolyte solutions were studied and reported. The temperature was varied from 0 to 30 degrees C. The studies of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) revealed that, the common EIS features' of the LiCoO2 electrode in the I mol/L LiPF6-EC:DEC:DMC and I mol/L LiPF6-PC:DMC+5% VC electrolyte solutions were related to the temperature, and a straight line reflecting solid state Li ion diffusion in the bulk of active mass appeared at 10 and 20 V, respectively. In I mol/L LiPF6-EC:DEC:DMC and I mol/L LiPF6-PC:DMC+5% VC electrolyte solutions, the energy barriers for the ion jump relating to migration of lithium ions through the SEI film of the LiCoO2 electrode were determined to be 37.74 and 26.55 kJ/mol, the thermal active energy of the electronic conductivities to be 39.08 and 53.81 kJ/mol, and the intercalation-deintercalation reaction active energies to be 68.97 and 73.73 kJ/mol, respectively

Fabrication and Performance of Cu6Sn5 Alloy Anode Using Porous Cu as Current Collector

Porous Cu was fabricated by electrodeposition through a kinetic template of hydrogen bubbles. The product was subsequently annealed to increase its structural stability. The Cu-Sn alloy was then electrodeposited onto porous Cu which served as a current collector. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies ascertained that the composition of the Cu-Sn alloy was Cu6Sn5 and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigations showed a three-dimensional (3D) porous structure of the electrode. The first charge/discharge capacities of the Cu6Sn5 alloy electrode were measured respectively at 735 and 571 mAh . g(-1), and a good retention of the capacities has been determined. Interfacial properties of the Cu6Sn5 alloy electrode in a commercial electrolyte were also studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)