Study on the Effectiveness of Newly Erupted Permanent Tooth Plaque Removal : Part-II On toothbrush cleaning method of mandibular first permanent molar

Toothbrushing to physically remove plaque is one of the most commonly recommended and reliable means to achieve good oral hygiene. However, good brushing skills are needed particularly for the newly erupted first permanent molars because the anatomical structures and eruption processes of the first permanent molars are very complicated. In the study, thirty children aged 5-9 years participated, and OHI (oral hygiene index) for each child was assessed before and after by using two types of powered toothbrushes (arcuate and vibratory motions) and a regular manual toothbrush in removing supragingival plaque from the first permanent molars. Results were as follows: 1) In all surfaces of the maxillary and mandibular first permanent molars, the effects of the powered toothbrushes in removing supragingival plaque were found to be better than the manual toothbrush. 2) On right side of first permanent molars, a significant difference was found among arcuate powered toothbrush, vibratory powered toothbrush and the manual toothbrush. On the contrary, on the left side of first permanent molars, a significant difference was only found between the arcuate and the manual toothbrush. 3) In all different eruption stages of the first permanent molar, the effects of powered toothbrushes in removing supragingival plaque were found to be better than the manual toothbrush

基于分子间多量子相干的不均匀磁场下高分辨核磁共振方法的研究进展

高分辨核磁共振(nuclear magnetic resonance,NMR)通常需要高度均匀的强静磁场,然而在活体实验等情况下,样品的磁化率差异将不可避免地导致磁场的不均匀,并且这种不均匀性难以通过匀场等传统方法消除.最近,分子间多量子相干被利用来消除活体等样品中由磁场不均匀引起的谱线增宽以获得高分辨NMR谱.和其他高分辨NMR方法相比,分子间多量子相干方法具有独特的特征与优势,它能同时保留化学位移、峰的裂分模式、偶合常数和相对峰面积等信息.这些信息在传统的一维NMR中通常用于分析和表征分子结构.国家自然科学基金资助项目(批准号:20573084,10575085和10774125

Application of nuclear magnetic resonance in the study of marine fish

核磁共振(nuClEAr MAgnETIC rESOnAnCE,nMr)以其精确性、选择性和无创性成为最有用和最普遍的谱学分析方法之一。从复杂的生物分子到各种材料,从活的有机体到纳米分子,nMr谱提供了许多宝贵的信息。鱼肉和鱼卵富含动物蛋白质、不饱和脂肪酸和磷脂质等物质,易被人体消化吸收,对人类体力和智力的发展具有重大作用,因此对经济鱼类和中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2010121008); 国家自然科学基金(21203155和11174239

Study on the Effectiveness of Plaque Removal on Newly Erupted Permanent Teeth : Part-I The distribution of dental plaque accumulation on mandibular first permanent molar

The immature teeth, especially the first permanent molars show a high caries rate with plaque accumulation. Plaque accumulates easily on newly erupted first permanent molars because of its anatiomical structures, complicated eruption processes and shortage of self-cleaning action. In this study, according to the eruption status of the mandibular first permanent molar, 42 children with the newly erupted molars were divided into 3 stages. Plaque distribution was investigated by using a special camera which was designed by the author et al. According to the photos, plaque distribution on the molars was evaluated and analyzed statistically by computer. Results were as follows: 1. On the different eruption stages: Plaque accumulation was highest in the early eruption stage and decreased as the molars erupted. Significant difference was found between eruption stage 1 and stage 2. 2. On the occlusal surfaces (mesio-part, central-part and distal part): Plaque accumulation decreased on the each part of the occlusal surfaces as the molars erupted. 3. Plaque accumulation on buccal surfaces of the molars was found to decrease as the molars erupted. Significant difference was found among each of the eruption stages. 4. As the molars attained occlusal position, plaque accumulation had a tendency to decline. 5. There was no relationship between the subjects with TBI experience and without it, however, plaque accumulation decreased as the molars erupted

High-resolution magnetic resonance spectroscopy in unstable fields via intermolecular zero-quantum coherences

Intermolecular zero-quantum coherences (iZQCs) have been utilized to achieve high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) proton spectra under inhomogeneous and/or unstable fields. In this paper, we demonstrated that despite the insensitivity of iZQCs to B-0 variations, the influence of unstable fields on the observable single-quantum coherence signals causes strong t(1) noises in the high-resolution iZQC spectra. Short-time acquisition (STA) and phase spectrum schemes were proposed for noise suppression in in vivo iZQC magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) under temporal B-0 variations. The feasibility of these schemes were verified by localized spectroscopic studies under B-0 variations generated by the Z(0) coil current oscillations and by voxel position variations in the presence of field gradients, which simulate the field conditions of MRS in the presence of physiological motions. The phase scheme not only improves the signal-to-noise ratio but also further reduces the linewidth by half.NNSF of China [10774125, 10875101, 10974164]; Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China [200803840019

我が国の母性看護学実習における看護学生のストレスに関する文献検討

本研究は，看護領域別実習の一つである母性看護学実習における看護学生のストレスについて文献検討を行い，効果的な実習指導への示唆を得ることを目的とする．医学中央雑誌Web版を用いて，看護学生のストレス状況，ストレス対処能力，対処行動および学習環境の観点から検討した．その結果，母性看護学実習特有の看護学生のストレス状況として，母性看護の難しさ，看護過程への不安，母親・新生児の看護，男子学生特有の困難感，出産・育児経験の影響，母性看護への興味関心の低さなどが明らかになった．実習中のストレス対処行動は，問題中心型，情動中心型の対処行動をとる傾向が示され，問題中心型の適切なストレス対処の選択ができることによって，ストレス対処能力が向上する可能性がある．教員や指導者は，学生個人の特性やレディネスを把握するだけでなく，実習前に母性看護学に対する捉え方を理解した上で母性看護学の特徴をイメージできるような演習をすること，実習中は知識と経験を結びつけられるような形でのリフレクションを行うことが望まれる

Correlation between Outdoor-exposure and Indoor-accelerated Ageing Test for Epoxy Coating

通过室外海洋大气暴晒和室内紫外线照射对环氧涂层进行了老化试验,并运用光泽、颜色、粉化率、SEM以及电化学多重动电位扫描(MCPDP)等手段测试了涂层在室外大气暴晒和室内紫外加速老化下的表面形貌和对金属保护性能的变化,初步探讨室外海洋大气暴晒和室内紫外人工老化试验的相关性。发现对于环氧涂层室内紫外人工老化降解的效果强于室外海洋大气天然老化,基于光泽测试的加速因子约为5;基于颜色和粉化率测试的加速因子都大于12。The outdoor-exposure test and indoor-accelerated ageing test were carried out,and a series of performance evaluations such as gloss,color,the degree of chalking,SEM and MCPDP were applied to test the transformation of the surface topography and protection properties of epoxy anticorrosion paint.The correlation between indoor-accelerated ageing test and outdoor-exposure test was discussed preliminary.It indicates that the results of degradation in the indoor-accelerated ageing test are greater than those in the outdoor-exposure test,the accelerating factor according gloss is about 5 and the accelerating factors according color and the degree of chalking are above 12