藏药镰形棘豆的化学成分、药理作用及毒理学研究进展

目的:为进一步研究和开发利用藏药镰形棘豆提供参考。方法:以"镰形棘豆""莪达夏""化学成分""药理作用""毒理学""Oxytropis""Oxytropis falcata""Oxytropis falcata Bunge""Chemical constituents""Chemical composition""Pharmacologic actions""Toxicology"等为关键词,组合查询2010年1月-2016年2月在Pub Med、中国知网、万方、维普等数据库中的相关文献,对镰形棘豆的化学成分、药理作用、毒理学研究及临床应用进行综述。结果与结论:共检索到相关文献81篇,其中有效文献46篇。目前从镰形棘豆中分离鉴定的化学成分主要包括黄酮类、生物碱类、甾体及萜类等化合物,其具有抗炎镇痛、抗脓毒症、抗氧化、防紫外线损伤、抗缺血缺氧性损伤、抗肿瘤、免疫调节、抗纤维化、促凝止血、抑菌、止咳祛痰等广泛的药理作用;毒性研究报道并不多见;镰形棘豆除在藏医中常被用来治疗疫疠、麻风、感冒、便血、骨伤、刀伤等之外,现已有一些以镰形棘豆为主要组成的上市药品和医院制剂应用于临床。今后应加强其药理、药效、作用机制和毒理学研究。原南京军区医学科技创新项目(No.14MS085

40家军队医院治疗药物监测情况调查

目的:调查和了解军队医院开展治疗药物监测(therapeutic drug monitoring,TDM)的情况。方法:利用互联网技术,借助移动网络平台设计、传送、提交、回收问卷并进行统计分析。结果:回收有效问卷40份,涉及总医院14份、军医大学附属医院7份、中心医院19份,分布于中国大陆21个省、直辖市、自治区。80%的军队医院开展了药物浓度检测,以免疫抑制剂、抗感染药物、抗癫药物等为主。单品种检测量较多的是他克莫司、吗替麦考酚酸、雷帕霉素、环孢素、丙戊酸钠和万古霉素。60%的军队医院开展了药物基因检测,检测量较多的是CYP2C19、CYP2C9、VKORC1、CYP3A5、CYP2D6、HLA-B*1502、MTHFR及UGT等相关基因。22.5%的军队医院开展了药物代谢检测,其中一半以上于2010年以后才开展。结论:本次问卷调查客观反映了当前军队医院TDM工作的开展现状,为今后更好地开展TDM工作、明确学科发展方向以及制定政策规范提供了有意义的参考依据

Analysis of Chlorophyll in Plant Leaves Using Solid-phase Microextraction Coupled with Ultraviolet-visible Absorption Spectroscopy

通过固相微萃取与紫外可见光谱联用,以壳聚糖为固化溶剂,实现了对蔬菜叶片中叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量的快速测定.壳聚糖膜对叶绿素具有足够高的富集倍数,并且该膜均匀、透明、机械强度好.实验考察了萃取时间、离子强度、pH及能量供给方式对萃取效率的影响.在优化的实验条件下,叶绿素a和叶绿素b的重现性(RSD)分别为7.1%和8.4%,检出限(3σ)分别为0.155 mg/L和0.099 mg/L,回收率为92.3%~97.9%.同时,与传统叶绿素分析方法比较,结果令人满意.A rapid and simple method using solid-phase microextraction coupled with ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy for the analysis of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in plant leaves is presented.It was simply in-expensive and free solvent.Chitosan,a kind of natural polymers containing plenty of amido and hydroxyl,was used as solidified organic solvent to extract chlorophyll for the first time.After a chip of chitosan was immersed in an aqueous sample,chlorophyll a began to partition into the polymer.The system may reach a complete equilibrium in 80 min.Since the chitosan membrane is enough tough and uniformity that it may be detected by ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy.Several factors affecting the extraction efficiency such as extract time,ion intensity and pH were investigated.Under optimum condition,the reproducibility of the method was 7.1% for chlorophyll a and 8.4% for chlorophyll b,respectively.The detection limit(3σ) was 0.155 mg/L for chlorophyll a and 0.099 mg/L for chlorophyll b,respectively.The recovery was within the range of 92.3%～97.9%.Meanwhile,the performance of the method was compared with the traditional method and excellent agreements were observed between the methods.“863”计划(2002AA639390);; 福建省自然科学基金(D0410001)资

滇山茶提取物在化妆品中的应用

介绍了我国特色原产植物滇山茶提取物中含有的主要化学成分和提取工艺,对其在化妆品中的应用进行了综述,指出滇山茶提取物在化妆品中具有广阔应用前景和潜在经济价值

Electrochemical Studies of Cyanocobalamin on Silver Electrode

比较研究氰基钴胺素在光滑和粗糙化银电极上的电化学行为，发现在光滑银电极上氰基钴胺素的还原为一个二电子过程，而在粗糙化银电极上则为两个一电子过程．其原因是由于粗糙化银电极对氰根的强吸附作用．The electrochemical characteristics of cyanocobalamin were separately studied on smooth and roughed silver electrode. It was found that the reduction of cyanocobalamin is two one electron steps on roughed silver but one two electron step on smooth electrode. The reason is due to the ability of absorption of the surface of electrode.作者联系地址：山西大学分子所,中国科学院长春应用化学研究所电分析化学开放实验室Author's Address: Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006 Zheng Donghong Zheng Junwei Lu Tianhong * Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry,Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 13002

Stable isotope analysis of water use sources of Phragmatis australis in heterogeneous water-salt habitats in the Yellow River Delta

To clarify the effects of the historical diversion of Yellow River on the hydrological use sources of vegetation in the Yellow River estuary,we used stable isotope tracing techniques to monitor hydrogen and oxygen isotope abundances of rainwater,surface water,soil water in different soil layers,and Phragmatis australis in different water-salt habitats,including the intertidal Yellow River course (TC),the new area on the current banks of the Yellow River (NC),and the abandoned Yellow River course in 1996 (OC) during the growing season.We analyzed water sources of P.australis in different habitats using the Bayesian mixed model.The results showed that there were significant differences in soil salinity and water potential among the three habitats.The value of salinity followed an order of TC>OC>NC.There were significant differences in salinity between the surface soil (0-10 cm) and the sub-surface soil in the OC habitat,but no differences in salinity among different soil layers in other two habitats.Water potential was greater in the NC than the other two habitats.Water use strategy of P.australis varied with habitats in different seasons.During the wet season (July-September),P.australis in the TC mainly used groundwater (25%),surface tidal water (25%) and soil water at 0-20 cm layer (23%).P.australis in the NC mainly used groundwater (26%),Yellow River water (25%),and topsoil water (24%).P.australis in the OC mainly used surface soil water (50%),as well as groundwater (27%).Increased rainfall enhanced soil water and surface runoff,dilution of soil surface salts,and water table,facilitating the water uptake of P.australis.In the dry season (May-June),P.australis in the TC mainly used deep soil water (more than 50%).The use of groundwater(24%),Yellow River water (23%) and soil water by P.australis in the NC was relatively evenly distributed across all layers.P.australis in the OC mainly used water from the 20-40 cm soil layer (86%),which was related to water source type and soil water retention capacity.In summary,water use strategies of P.australis are different in the water-salt heterogeneous habitats formed by the historical diversion of the Yellow River,which is also the physiological and ecological mechanism underlying the adaptation of P.australis to diversified water-salt environments

Progress and development suggestions for psychological research on climate change

公众对气候变化的认知、态度、情绪、情感等心理反应是其参与气候变化减缓与适应的重要先决因素。追踪并监测公众的气候变化心理对气候变化教育、大众传媒宣传沟通、气候政策制定与实施具有至关重要的作用。文章系统论述气候变化与公众心理反应的相互影响，梳理影响气候变化心理的多维度因素，从气候变化心理对气候治理实践价值的角度提出发展建议，以期提高我国心理学、气候相关学科和政府有关部门对公众气候变化心理的关注和应用，助力全民参与的气候适应型社会构建。</p