The Primary Research on the rural society in JiangNanXiLu of the Southern-Sung from YiJianzhi

作为一部志怪小说，《夷坚志》蕴含了丰富的宋代社会史料。借助这些材料，可以展现出南宋时期江南西路基层社会中的诸多领域，乡民生活的诸多场景大都活灵活现。通过考察，可以发现，动物在一般民众的日常生活中扮演着不同的角色，乡民头脑中也存在朴素的动物保护理念。再者，也呈现出民众职业类别丰富多样，且各自发挥着自己的技能，服务于社会。另外，富家子、恶少年、士人群体等皆在基层社会中活动，而巫医僧道作为“流动的菁英”更充斥乡间。除此，“邻里”亦作为基层社会中的一种无形力量，规范着村民的秩序，限制着村民的相关行为。官民之间的关系，从宏观上而言，则是民众通常避免接触官方，而有接触之时，又多是“冲突”。Record of the Listener(YiJianZhi 夷坚志)is a renowned ZhiGuai（志怪）collection from the Song Dynasty written by Hong Mai during his later years.It preserves much precious research material on daily life of the Song, and also heighten the reader understanding of society in the late Northern／early Southern Song age. As YiJianZhi provides a wealth of society source during the Song Dynasty, from which we ca...学位：历史学硕士院系专业：人文学院历史学系_中国古代史学号：1032008115230

英国跨国高等教育的发展动因及策略探析

20世纪90年代以来,英国跨国高等教育呈现稳步快速增长的态势,并在高校参与、分布的国家和地区、学生人数等方面取得显著的成果。本文探讨英国发展跨国高等教育的动因以及策略,以期对我国提供一些启示和借鉴

电学开路挠曲电悬臂梁自振频率分析

挠曲电效应是一种新兴的机电耦合效应,在微纳米尺度的传感器、致动器和俘能器方面有广阔的应用前景.本文基于挠曲电材料的变分原理和电吉布斯自由能,推导了表面覆盖电极的挠曲电悬臂梁在电学开路条件下的机电耦合动力学控制方程和相应的力电边界条件.进一步获得了求解电学开路条件下挠曲电悬臂梁自振频率的超越方程.以聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)材料为算例,讨论了挠曲电系数、末端质量块和梁尺寸对结构自振频率和电学开路/短路条件下结构自振频率有效频移的影响.计算结果表明,挠曲电系数的增大会提高梁的自振频率;末端质量的增大可以降低梁的自振频率,并且末端质量块的转动效应对悬臂梁自振频率的影响很小;悬臂梁结构的有效频移随着结构尺寸减小而增加,并在某一厚度尺寸趋于饱和值.国家自然科学基金(11572271

Sapflow characteristics of Kandelia obovata and their controlling factors in Zhangjiang estuary,China

利用Granier热消散式探针法对福建漳江口国家级红树林自然保护区内红树植物秋茄的树干茎流密度(SFD)进行1年(2010年10月至2011年10月)的连续监测.结果表明:季节和树干径级对秋茄树干茎流密度均有显著影响.在夏季,胸径(DBH)为8~10 cm时秋茄树干最外层2 cm处的SFD达到最大,为38.21 g·m~(-2)·s~(-1),这与其他红树物种以及湿地乔木物种的茎流密度相当.不同径级(小、中、大径级分别为2~4、4~8、8~10 cm)秋茄每日整树蒸腾量(即水分日利用量)也呈现明显的季节变化,从冬季到夏季的波动值分别为0.14~0.19、0.94~1.45、1.96~3.43 kg·d~(-1).通过整合各个径级秋茄树的日蒸腾量推算得到秋茄林的日蒸腾量,再全年累加计算得到秋茄林年总蒸腾量为100.38 mm,不到当地年降水量的6%.主要环境因子对秋茄林蒸腾速率(E_s)均有极显著影响(P<0.001),其中,光合有效辐射(PAR)和饱和水汽压差(VPD)是E_s最主要的驱动因子,解释了E_s60%~92%的季节变异,且夏季秋茄E_s对PAR和VPD的依赖性大于冬季.秋茄E_s与环境因子之间存在明显的时滞现象,需要在解释秋茄林E_s季节变异时加以考虑.In this study,the Grainer's thermal dissipation probe method was applied to monitor sap flux density( SFD) of a mangrove species Kandelia obovata over a period of one year( 2010-10—2011-10) in Zhangjiangkou Mangrove National Nature Reserve,Fujian,China. The results showed that both season and diameter class exerted significant effects on the SFD of K. obovata trees. In summer,when the diameter at breast height( DBH) reached 8-10 cm,the highest SFD was found at a depth of 2 cm with a value of 38.21 g·m~(-2)·s-1,which was comparable with those for other mangrove tree species and forested wetland tree species. The mean whole tree transpiration( i. e.daily water use) of all stem size classes demonstrated large changes from winter to summer,increased from 0.14 to 0.19 kg·d~(-1)in small trees( S,DBH = 2-4 cm),from 0.94 to 1.45 kg·d~(-1)in medium trees( M,DBH = 4-8 cm) and from 1.96 to 3.43 kg·d~(-1)in large ones( L,DBH = 8-10 cm). The daily transpiration of K. obovata stand was calculated by summing all size classes,which was then summed up for entire year to estimate annual transpiration of entire K. obovata forest,which was about 100. 38 mm,less than 6% of local annual precipitation. Key environmental factors all had significant effects( all P<0.001) on the stand transpiration rate( E_s) of K. obovata forest,and photosynthetically active radiation( PAR) and vapor pressure deficit( VPD) were themain driving factors,which explained 60%-92% seasonal variation of E_s. The PAR and VPD had larger effects on the E_sin summer than that in winter. In addition,we observed an obvious time lag phenomenon in the relationship between E_sand PAR or VPD,which should be taken into account when explaining seasonal variation of E_sin K. obovata forest.国家自然科学基金项目(30930017);; 国家海洋局海洋公益性行业科研专项(201305021)资助~

THE ANALYSIS OF FLOOR RESPONSE SPECTRUM IN EQUIPMENT-STRUCTURE INTERACTION FORM IN FREQUENCY DOMAIN

直接从由建筑物和设备组成的主次结构耦合系统各自的动力特性出发,考虑主次结构间调谐、干扰、非经典阻尼等因素的影响,推导出频率传递函数和次结构的加速度均方根响应,并由此进一步得到楼层的加速度均方根反应谱。这一方法避免了求解联合系统的复特征值和动力方程出现病态等问题,大大简化了计算过程。最后在算例中就次结构的阻尼比、质量比、安装楼层及场地土等因素对楼层加速度均方根反应谱的影响进行了讨论,算例表明,质量比是决定能否采用古典谱的关键因素,场地土对反应谱的影响也不容忽视。Based on the dynamic properties of the primary-secondary coupling structural system composed of an equipment and a structure,the frequency transfer function and the root mean square of acceleration response of the equipment are deduced directly,and the factors including tuning,interaction and non-classical damping have been taken into consideration in the process of deduction.Furthermore,the floor response spectrum of the root mean square of acceleration is obtained.Since the calculation of the complex eigenvalue problem and the ill-conditioned equation of motion of the combined system are avoided in this approach,the procedure of calculation is simplified greatly.In the end,the influencing factors on the floor response spectrum are discussed,including damping ratio,mass ratio,the location of the equipment and the soil of the building site.As shown in the numerical example,the mass ratio is the key factor in deciding whether the classical floor response spectrum may be used or not,and the influence of the soil of the building site should not be ignored

A Parallel Algorithm for Fresnel Tomography

摘要:与射线层析成像相比, Fresnel 层析成像考虑波频率的影响, 具有较高的分辨率,但所需的存储 空间和计算量更大,因此提出了Fresnel 层析成像的并行算法1 把大型层析反演方程组的求解,转化成 对其中的各个方程进行相互独立的计算,避免了大型系数矩阵的存储问题;把一个Fresnel 带的正演和 反演计算放在一个进程,不同Fresnel 带的计算相互独立进行,不需要信息传递,达到了极高的并行度; 从进程之间没有通信, 仅当从进程计算结束后,在主进程与各从进程之间有少量的数据传递,使通信开 销达到了极小的程度1 应用MPI 在Linux PC 集群环境下实现了该算法,实际测试表明,该算法具有较 高的并行度和加速比.Abstract 　In cont rast with ray2based t raveltime tomography , Fresnel tomography account s for the band2 limited nature of seismic waves and gives the higher resolution tomograms1 Because Fresnel tomography demands much computer memory and much running time , a parallel algorithm for it is proposed1 The tomographic inversion is t ransformed to resolving respectively a series of single equation in light of backprojection principle , each equation corresponding to a Fresnel zone1 The forward and inverse computation concerning a Fresnel zone is allocated to one process and is independent of other processes1 Then the storage and calculation of the large2scale mat rix in the tomography are avoided1 No message delivers between the slave processes , and only a little of data delivers between a master process and the slave ones1 By using the portable message passing interface standard (MPI ) for the communication , the computing code of the algorithm is implemented on Linux system , which allows to dist ribute the work on several PCs connected via standard Ethernet in an in2house network , and greatly expands the applicability of Fresnel tomography1 The test s on the synthetic and observed seismic t ravel time data show that this parallel algorithm has a good performance on Linux PCs1基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(40774065) ;福建省自然科学基金项目(2006J0044

Ternary Alloy Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

质子交换膜燃料电池作为重要的电化学能源转换装置,在提高能量转换效率、减少环境污染等方面具有诱人的前景.然而,阴极氧还原过电位较大、活性较低、稳定性差,且铂基催化剂昂贵,使该燃料电池难以商业化.纳米结构电催化剂的发展有望解决此难题.对纳米合金电催化剂其组分和结构的设计是开发高活性、高稳定性和低成本的燃料电池电催化剂的重要因素.本文综述了近期由分子设计和热化学控制处理法制备的三元纳米合金电催化剂对燃料电池氧还原反应催化性能的最新进展.该方法可控制纳米合金的尺寸、组成以及二元和三元纳米催化剂的合金化程度.以高活性的三元纳米合金催化剂PTnICO/C为例,综述了在设计燃料电池电催化剂时结构和组成的纳米级调优的重要性.PTnICO/C电催化剂的质量比活性远高于其二元合金催化剂和PT/C商业电催化剂.三元电催化剂的催化活性可通过控制其组成来调节.本文还讨论了三元纳米合金催化剂的结构及其协同效应对增强其电催化性能的影响.Proton exchange membrane fuel cell represents an important electrochemical energy conversion device with many attractive features in terms of efficiency of energy conversion and minimization of environmental pollution.However,the large overpotential for oxygen reduction reaction at the cathode and the low activity,poor durability and high cost of platinum-based catalysts in the fuel cells constitute a focal point of major barriers to the commercialization of fuel cells.The development of nanostructured catalysts shows promises to addresses some of the challenging problems.The ability to engineer the composition and nanostructure of nanoalloy catalysts is important for developing active,robust and low-cost catalysts for fuel cell applications.This article highlights some of the recent insights into the catalytic properties of ternary nanoalloy catalysts prepared by molecularly-engineered synthesis and thermochemically-controlled processing,focusing on oxygen reduction reaction in fuel cells.This approach has demonstrated the abilities to control size,composition,and nanoscale alloying of binary and ternary nanoalloys.A highly-active ternary nanoalloy catalyst consisting of platinum,nickel and cobalt that is supported on carbon(PtNiCo/C) will be discussed as an example,highlighting the importance of nanoscale tuning of structures and composition for the design of fuel cell catalysts.The mass activity of selected PtNiCo/C catalysts has been shown much higher electrocatalytic activity than those observed for their binary counterparts and commercial Pt/C catalysts.Selected examples will also be shown that the catalytic activity can be tuned by the ternary composition.The structural and synergistic properties of the ternary nanoalloy catalysts for the enhancement of the electrocatalytic activity will also be discussed.supportedbyNationalScienceFoundation(CBET-0709113andCHE-0848701);DepartmentofEnergy;Honda;andUTCPowe

基桩低应变动测的数值模拟及其在质量诊断中的应用

采用三维动力有限元方法进行各种缺陷基桩低应变动测的数值模拟,包括不考虑桩周土的模型桩和考虑桩周土的工程桩,分析中桩周土阻尼主要由局部单元的结构阻尼系数来实现.并且采用所模拟的基桩动测结果形成丰富和可靠的参考样本,进行基桩完整性的神经网络诊断.数值算例中,首先模拟了简单完整桩以及典型模型桩和工程桩,然后完成了各种缺陷类型的150余根模型桩和工程桩的数值模拟,并以此作为参考样本对模型桩和工程桩的完整性进行预测和诊断,结果验证了诊断方法的有效性