Research of chemical exchange saturation transfer in brain

化学交换饱和转移(chemical exchange saturation transfer,CEST)成像是在磁化传递及化学交换理论基础上发展起来的一种磁共振成像新方法,其扩展了磁共振分子影像新领域,但还处于研究阶段。其以细胞内物质为内源性对比剂,通过水信号间接检测代谢物信息,进行组织的酸碱度成像及其各种代谢物成像。本文主要探讨MRI领域中与水相关的化学交换饱和转移现象,阐述其原理、研究现状及其在不同场强磁共振仪上脑部疾病的应用。Chemical exchange saturation transfer(CEST) imaging is a new method for magnetic resonance imaging theory of exchange in the magnetization transfer and chemical, the expansion of the new field of molecular magnetic resonance imaging,but it's still in the research stage. The intracellular substances as an endogenous contrast agent, through the indirect detection of metabolite water signal information for tissue p H imaging and imaging of various metabolites. This paper mainly discusses the chemical and water exchange in the field of MRI saturation transfer phenomenon,expounds the principle, research status and the application in brain diseases used the different field strength clinical MRI scanner.2014年厦门市科技局科技惠民计划项目(编号:3502Z20144052)~

The primary investigation of the value of whole body diffusion weighted imaging in diagnosis of metastatic tumor

背景与目的:随着临床上晚期肿瘤病例的增多,为了解治疗前、后全身转移瘤的大小及数量变化的实际情况,以往多采用分部位进行CT和(或)Mr扫描,少部分有条件的患者采用PET检查,但这些方法可能存在过多地暴露于射线、检查时间过长及经济负担过重等问题。因此,我们探讨磁共振的全身弥散加权成像(WHOlE bOdy dIffuSIOn WEIgHTEd IMAgIng,WbdWI)方法对肿瘤及转移灶的检出准确性及其临床应用的可行性。方法:对68例临床已发现原发肿瘤及多个转移灶或发现多个肿瘤病灶,但原发灶不明确的患者进行WbdWI检查,其中男性49例;女性19例。平均年龄61岁。68例均与CT和(或)MrI的检查结果进行比较,其中17例与PET的检查结果相比较。对病灶的检出率,以病灶长径大小分为:<1CM,≥1~<2CM,≥2~<3CM及≥3CM以上4组进行计数分析,同时,对不同部位间的病灶检出情况进行分析。结果:WbdWI对4组病灶的检出率分别为30%、78%、96%及100%。在各个部位的敏感性和准确性中以骨骼最高。对位于肺部小于1CM的病灶和位于颈部、盆腔小于2CM的淋巴结的诊断存在一定困难。结论:WbdWI对大范围的肿瘤病灶筛查是安全、简便、有效和经济的检查新方法。随着技术参数的进一步完善,WbdWI在发现和诊断全身多发肿瘤方面,具有良好的发展潜力。因此,本技术有望作为一种新的、效果好于PET的全身检查技术。Background and purpose:With the increased number of advanced tumors,it is important to evaluate the actual pre-and post-treatment changes in metastatic diseases,such as tumor size and tumor quantity.Previously,CT and/or MRI scan were usually applied,only a few patients could pay for PET(positron emition tomography).But there were several problems we should face,including redundantly exposure to radiation,too long verification time and heavy financial burden.Therefore we evaluated the application of whole body diffusion weighted imaging in diagnosing of tumor and metastatic tumor.Methods:sixty-eight patients(49 male,19 female,age from 29 to 84 years with mean age of 61 years) with a variety of tumors were investigated by combined CT and/or MRI scan,seventeen patients were compared with positron emition tomograph(PET).All tumors were classified into four groups,according to longest diameter of <1 cm,≥1-<2 cm,≥2-<3 cm and ≥3 cm.At the same time,the positive detection rates between different parts of the lesions were analyzed.Results:The detection rate of the four groups were 30%,78%,96% and 100%,respectively.The skeletal system had the highest sensitivity and accuracy in every part of body.There was difficulty in diagnosing lung cancer with longest diameter less than 1 cm as well as tumors located in neck and pelvic with longest diameter less than 2 cm.Conclusion:Whole body diffusion weighted imaging is secure,convenient,effective and economic for screening wide-ranging tumor focus.After improvement of parameters,WBDWI could be as a new effective whole body examination technique.厦门市科技计划项目(No:3502Z20074017

锂离子电池三元层状氧化物正极材料失效模式分析

镍钴锰三元层状氧化物(NCM)正极材料由于其优越的综合性能在动力/储能电池系统(ESS)领域得到广泛应用。虽然Ni含量的增加可提高三元材料的比容量及电池的能量密度,但相关电池体系的容量保持率和安全性将会变差。如何有效解决该矛盾是此类NCM电池所面临的关键问题。本文从NCM电池体系循环过程中常见的体相结构破坏和正极-电解液界面组成改变两方面失效现象出发,结合近年来国内外对NCM失效模式研究中所提出的新理论、方法、应用,从机械破坏、结构演变、电化学极化、化学副反应、正负极协同效应等多个角度对NCM材料的衰退机理提出见解,对指导电池用户合理制定充放电协议、缓解电动汽车(EV)里程焦虑乃至材料设计本身均有重要的指导及借鉴意义。国家重点研发计划资助（2018YFB0104400,2018YFB0905400

Y型聚乙二醇干扰素琢-2b注射液治疗HCV基因2/3型慢性丙型肝炎患者疗效和安全性的多中心随机对照试验研究

目的以标准剂量的聚乙二醇干扰素(Peg IFN)α-2a联合利巴韦林作为阳性对照,评价新型试验药物Y型Peg IFNα-2b注射液联合利巴韦林治疗2型/3型慢性丙型肝炎(CHC)患者的疗效和安全性。方法采用多中心、随机开放、阳性药对照的Ⅲ期临床试验,筛选符合要求的2型/3型CHC患者,按照2:1的比例随机分配到Y型Peg IFNα-2b组和Peg IFNα-2a组,同时口服利巴韦林,疗程24 w,停药随访24 w。采用Abbott Real Time HCV Genotype II检测HCV基因型,采用Cobas Taq Man实时定量PCR法检测血清HCV RNA水平。详细记录不良事件。主要疗效指标为持续病毒学应答(SVR),并进行非劣效检验。结果本试验实际入组2型/3型CHC患者255例,实际治疗241例。全分析集(FAS)数据显示,158例试验组和83例对照组患者SVR分别为85.4%(95%CI 79.94%~90.94%)和79.5%(95%CI 70.84%~88.20%,P=0.2402);对符合方案分析集(PPS)人群分析显示,试验组和对照组患者SVR分别为87.9%(95%CI 82.45%~93.27%)和85.9%(95%CI 77.82%~94.01%,P=0.7060),率差的95%可置信区间均符合非劣效标准;对PPS人群分析显示,85.8%受试者获得了早期病毒学应答(RVR),RVR的阳性预测值为90.1%;试验组和对照组不良事件发生率相似,分别为95.6%和95.2%,严重不良事件发生率分别为3.8%和3.6%。结论应用Peg IFNα联合利巴韦林治疗2型/3型CHC患者,新型试验药物Y型Peg IFNα-2b具有与对照药物Peg IFNα-2a相似的疗效和安全性。国家科技部“十二五”重大专项(编号:2012ZX10002-003)；“重大新药创制”十二五科技重大专项(编号:2012ZX09303019)

The nonlinear elastic behavior of crystalline solids:An atomistic simulation study

采用分子静力学结合量子修正Sutten-Chen型多体势研究了Ni单晶体在受单向拉伸和压缩载荷作用下的弹性响应.考虑了三种加载方式,即[001],[011]和[111]单向加载.模拟的结果表明:晶体在[011]单向加载下的弹性变形表现出强烈的非线性效应,然而沿[001]和[111]单向加载时,它的横向变形表现为各向同性.进一步讨论了杨氏模量和泊松比与应变的关系,并和第一性原理计算的结果做了比较.In this paper,we employ molecular static approach with quantum corrected Sutten-Chen many-body potential to study the elastic responses of nickel monocrystal subjected to uniaxial tensile and compressive loading,and consider three different loadings,i.e.,the [001],[011] and [111] loding.The simulated results show that strong nonlinear effects are found in the elastic behavior of monocrystal under the [011] loading,while the lateral deformations are essentially isotropic under [100] and [111] loadings.The further discussions are focused on the dependence of the Young's moduli and Poisson's ratios on the applied strain,and a brief comparison with first-principles calculations is also presented.国家自然科学基金(批准号:10702056);; 兰州理工大学甘肃省有色金属新材料国家重点实验室资助的课题~

The deformation mechanism of nanofilm with void under tensile loading:An atomistic simulation study

采用分子静力学方法结合量子修正的Sutton-Chen多体势研究了含圆孔的纳米薄膜在单向加载过程中的力学行为,并采用共近邻分析方法研究了薄膜的微结构演化过程.模拟结果表明:孔洞的引入显著地降低了纳米薄膜的杨氏模量和屈服应力;在拉伸过程中,孔洞的形状随着应变的增加逐渐由圆形变为椭圆形,最终孔洞闭合;纳米薄膜在进入塑性变形阶段后,薄膜内部出现原子的堆跺层错,这种层错结构的出现是肖克莱不全位错在薄膜内部沿着{111}面的[112]方向运动的结果.In this paper,we employ molecular static approach with quantum corrected Sutten-Chen many-body potential to study the mechanical behavior of nickel nanofilm during uniaxial loading,and investigate its microstructure by common neighbor analysis methods.The simulated results show that the existence of void significantly weakens the Young's modulus and yield stress of nanofilm;with the increased strain,the shape of void changes from circular into elliptical,and the void is eventually entirely closed.The plastic deformation of nanofilm is characterized by {111} glide associated with Shockley partial dislocations,resulting in the formation of stacking faults.国家自然科学基金(批准号:10702056,10774124);; 福建省高等学校新世纪优秀人才支持计划资助的课题~

镍基纳米Al2O3复合刷镀层的摩擦磨损性能研究

为评价复合刷镀层在油润滑条件下的抗沙粒磨损性能,在45钢基体上制备了镍基纳米Al2O3复合刷镀层（n-Al2O3/Ni）.采用MM-200环块式摩擦磨损试验机对比评价了线接触条件下润滑油中沙粒含量对n-Al2O3/Ni复合刷镀层和快速镍刷镀层摩擦学性能的影响.实验结果表明,随着润滑油中沙粒含量的增加,两种刷镀层的磨损体积均逐渐增加,复合刷镀层的耐磨损性能是快速镍刷镀层的1.3～1.5倍.对复合刷镀层磨痕表面的SEM分析表明其磨损失效机理主要是磨粒磨损

超音速等离子喷涂12Co-WC涂层在含沙油润滑条件下的摩擦学行为

为探讨含沙油润滑条件下材料的磨损问题，采用超音速等离子喷涂技术在45铜表面制备了12Co—WC涂层，使用T-11球-盘式摩擦磨损试验机考察了涂层在含沙油润滑条件下的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明，超音速等离子喷涂12Co—WC涂层具有致密的组织、高的强度和硬度，在含沙油润滑条件下的摩擦系数略低于灰铸铁，耐磨性比灰铸铁提高4～8倍，同时磨损体积对沙粒尺寸和沙粒含量的变化不敏感。超音速等离子喷涂12Co—WC涂层的失效以磨粒磨损及WC颗粒和喷涂粒子剥落为主

纳米颗粒对镍刷镀层抗油润滑沙粒磨损性能的影响及强化机制

制备了纯镍刷镀层和镍基纳米氧化铝复合刷镀层。采用T-11球盘式磨损实验机对比评价了两种刷镀层的抗油润滑沙粒磨损性能。磨损实验结果表明,纳米颗粒复合刷镀层的耐磨损性能是纯镍刷镀层的1.3～2.5倍。通过对刷镀层的SEM,XRD和TEM分析表明,纳米颗粒主要通过细化镀层组织、弥散强化和阻碍镀层中微裂纹的扩展来强化复合刷镀层的抗油润滑沙粒磨损性能