3,781 research outputs found

    中世漢字片仮名交じり文における重点を中心とした書記史的研究

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    研究成果の概要(和文):中世漢字片仮名交じり文において同仮名の連続は、多く補助符号たる重点(「ヽ」)を以て示される。本研究では次に示す文献群を取り上げて重点用法を検討した結果、次の結論を得た。(1)親鸞遺文においては自立語語頭では同字反復を、同語中尾では重点を用いる傾向が認められ、分節機能と一貫性の高さを評価できる。(2)大福光寺本『方丈記』では文位置に関わらず重点が多く用いられ、(1)とは全く異なる傾向を指摘できる。(3)①漢字―仮名比率、②重点状況、③仮名遣いの3点について検討した結果、観智院本『三宝絵詞』においては(1)(2)と比するに方針の徹底は認めがたいが、代わりに仮名大小の対立が分節機能を補助している

    〔報告〕凝灰岩製石造文化財における劣化現象認識のための注意点—京都市個人所蔵石殿の一事例を通して—

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    An investigation was carried out on a stone shrine made of tuff where weathering and erosion are advancing severely. Three-dimensional measurement and survey of old photographs suggest that the shrine has eroded rapidly during these 5 years. Moreover, surrounding bamboo fence was cut during the same time and consequently the upper part of the shrine has become higher than the top of the fence. When considering the conservation of stone monuments,it is often argued that humidity is the enemy of conservation and that the surrounding condition must therefore be kept as dry as possible. However,at least the cutting of the bamboo fence cannot be regarded to be effective in reducing the erosion of this shrine. It is hoped that conservation measures be not practiced based on general common sense that “water is an enemy of stone monuments”but only after sufficient understanding of the condition of the target monuments

    Using Neural Network with Self-Feedback to Solve the Four-Coloring Problem

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    Takefuji et al. proposed a method to the four-coloring problem using the McCulloch-Pitts neuron type neural network and obtained good results. However, the method is always difficult to converge on the minimum value (correct answer). In this paper we propose a method to solve the four-coloring problem by the neural network using the McCulloch-Pitts neuron with self-feedback. Moreover, we rewrite the motion equation by adding the self-feedback term of neuron so that the state of neuron before updating can be held in the network. We apply the method to the four-coloring problem, and perform the simulations to three kinds of maps: 48,110,210 regions. The results show that the minimum value (correct answer) can be obtained at high speed and high success rate. Moreover, the simulation results show that the proposed method is better than other methods. (author abst.)本論文では,自己フィードバックを持つMcCu llochPittsニューロンを用いたニューラルネットワークによる四色問題の一解法を提案する. 本解法では,Takefujiらと同様に,問題に含まれる解の状態をニューロンの出力状態で表現し,最適解に対応する状態で最小となるエネルギ一関数を定義している. 更に,本論文では,ニューロンの動作式に自己フィードバックを持たせることで,更新前のニューロンの状態を保持し,かつ,特定の条件の制約だけは満たすようにニューロンの状態を更新する解法を提案する. シミュレーション結果より,四色問題は本論文で提案する解法を用いることで,極小値に陥ることがほとんどなく,高い成功率で高速に最小値(正解)を得ることができることを示す

    PETITIONS AND REQUESTS AS A COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOR

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    これまで請願・陳情は住民運動への手掛りのーつとして扱われてきたが,ここでは集団行動として捉えることにした。これは請願・陳情に伴う署名活動を都市住民の所属集団の研究と関連づけて分析するためであり,更にはそのプロセスに焦点をあてるためであった。具体的には,過去4年間にわたる請願・陳情の内容分析とともに,その代表者に対する面接調査を行なった。その結果,次の点が明らかにされた。(1) 請願・陳情の約80%が何らかの組織を介したものであること,(2) 近年の動向として,既成の組織にとらわれない組織活動が増加していること,(3) なかでも,自己啓発・社会参加を目的とした婦人の活動が目立つていること,(4) このような組織のリーダーの間には,既成の組織や政治関係者に対する不信がみられること,勿論,これらは断定的な結論ではなく,今後とも検討すべき問題である。We have been taking the signatory lists of petitions and requests as a clue to community action. As a result,some findings were obtained. However,in one view,petitions and requests are considered to reflect the social power of groups which are concerned with relevant issues. From this,the content of petitions and requests over four years were analysed and representatives of each group were interviewed. The following results were obtained: 1) About eighty per cent of all petitions and requests were conducted through some sort of organization. 2) In recent years,the increment of newly formed groups (voluntary) has been determined. 3) In particular,the activities of women who purpose self discipline and social participation are worthy of note. 4) Leaders of these groups have distrust for existing groups and political parties
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