The Impact of Producer Services on Manufacturing in An Open Economy: A Theoretical Mechanism and Empirical Analysis Based on China

改革开放以来，中国制造业经历了举世瞩目的高速发展期，如今中国制造业已经步入高成本时代，劳动力成本优势弱化、产能过剩、缺乏核心技术等问题日益凸显，这些问题严重制约了我国制造业进一步发展的空间。与此同时，中国服务业发展也遭遇瓶颈，截至2013年，服务业增加值占国内生产总值比重为43.37%，远低于发达国家，甚至低于60%以上的全球平均水平。制造业发展的诸多弊端导致服务业尤其是生产者服务业缺乏良好的制造业需求市场作为支撑，从而限制了服务业的发展，而服务业发展的滞后性又使制造业向产业链高端攀升乏力，中国制造业与服务业发展双双陷入困境。从发达国家的经验可以看出制造业自身的“服务化”与制造业服务外包这一“...Since China’s reform and opening up, its manufacturing industry has experienced a remarkable period of development.But at the same time,China’s manufacturing industry also steps into a stage of high-cost.There are many problems which become serious obstacles to the development of China’s manufacturing,like increasing labor force cost, excess production capacity and the lack of core technology.Mean...学位：经济学博士院系专业：经济学院_国际贸易学学号：1572010015373

中国制造业的生产性服务供给结构与效率分析

适应制造业与生产性服务业分工协作发展的趋势,科学评估制造业的生产性服务供给结构与效率,是深化制造业及服务业供给侧改革亟待解决的问题。基于2002-2012年投入产出数据,运用投入产出子...福建省社会科学规划项目“全球价值链视角下福建制造业与生产性服务业互动升级机制及路径研究”(项目编号:FJ2016C144,项目主持人:李虹静);; 国家社会科学基金西部项目“全球价值链视域下中..

The Fe-doped TiO_2 Nanotube Arrays as a Photoanode for Cathodic Protection of Stainless Steel

在含FeSO4的HF、H2SO4/HF、NaF/Na2SO4溶液中,通过电化学阳极氧化直接在纯钛表面制备Fe掺杂的TiO2(Fe-TiO2)纳米管阵列.应用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等手段对纳米管阵列的结构、形貌及化学组成进行表征.利用光电化学测量研究Fe-TiO2纳米管阵列在不同波长范围内的光电响应特性和光生阴极保护行为.考察了温度、时间、掺杂含量等参数对TiO2纳米管阵列的几何尺寸、形貌和光电性能的影响.结果表明,Fe掺杂可有效减缓TiO2纳米管阵列载流子的复合,窄化TiO2带隙宽度,Fe-TiO2在410-650nm范围显示强吸收,并使光谱响应扩展到波长大于400nm的可见光区.实验结果还表明,Fe-TiO2纳米管阵列对316不锈钢(316L)具有良好的光生阴极保护作用,暗态下阴极保护作用可继续维持.A highly ordered Fe-doped TiO2 nanotube layer was fabricated by potentiostatic anodization of pure titanium in fluorinated electrolyte solutions containing iron ions.The structure and composition of the as-prepared TiO2 nanotubes were characterized by SEM,XRD,UV-Vis,and XPS.The effects of temperature,time,dopant content on the morphologies,structure and photochemical properties of the TiO2 nanotube arrays were investigated systemically.The performances of photogenerated cathodic protection and the photoelectrochemical response for the Fe-doped TiO2 nanotube layers under illumination and dark conditions were evaluated through the electrochemical measurements.It was found that Fe ions in the TiO2 nanotube arrays could suppress the recombination of photogenerated hole-electron.The Fe-doped TiO2 nanotubes showed a stronger absorption in the 410-650 nm range.The open-circuit potentials of 316L SS(stainless steel)coupled with the Fe-doped TiO2 nanotubes layers shifted negatively under visible light irradiation(>400 nm),and maintained negatively for a period even in dark condition.It was indicated that the Fe-doped TiO2 nanotubes layers were able to create effectively a photogenerated cathodic protection for metals under regular sunlight conditions.国家自然科学基金(50571085);; 国家科技部基础研究资助项目(2005CCA06700)资

Electrochemical Behaviors of the 316L Stainless Steel Welding Seam Corrosion

316l不锈钢以其优良的耐腐蚀性能、加工性能和高抗氧化性能而被广泛应用于核电、石油、化工等领域。316l不锈钢的应用大多需要焊接成型,但焊接过程中化学成分,组织形态和相关性能的改变,使316l不锈钢的耐蚀性能降低,在焊缝接头处以及焊缝部位优先发生腐蚀,严重影响了不锈钢的使用寿命和安全性。本文采用交流阻抗法和阳极极化常规电化学方法,结合课题组自主研发的扫描微电极技术研究316l不锈钢焊缝区的腐蚀行为,探讨钨极氩弧焊和CO2保护焊两种不同焊接方法对316l不锈钢抗腐蚀能力的影响以及氯离子浓度对焊接样品抗腐蚀能力的影响。结果表明,经过腐蚀电化学方法检测后,焊接样品的耐腐蚀性能较基材样品均发生明显降低,具体表现为氩弧焊焊接样品和CO2保护焊焊接样品在阳极极化曲线的开裂电位Eb,腐蚀电位ECOrr均较基材样品负,钝化区△E较基材样品变窄。交流阻抗谱测试得出氩弧焊焊接样品与CO2保护焊焊接样品的电荷转移电阻rCT均较基材样品小。同时,通过不同实验分析均表明,在nACl溶液和fECl3溶液中,氩弧焊焊接样品的耐蚀性能较CO2保护焊焊接样品好。实验结果还表明,随着氯离子浓度的升高,两种焊接样品的耐蚀性能均降低。The effect of two different techniques, including Argon tungsten arc welding (TIG) and CO 2 shielded arc welding, on the welding seam corrosion behavior of the 316L stainless steel, and whether or not the concentration of chloride ions affect the welding seam corrosion of the welding samples are explored.The samples are studied by the traditional electrochemical techniques, such as potentiodynamic polarization curve, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and scanning microelectrode technique which is selfassembly made by authors.In conclusion, it is indicates that the corrosion resistance of welding seam zone is lower than that of base materials in any situation.In the NaCl and FeCl 3 solutions with different concentration, the anti-corrosion performance of the Argon tungsten arc welding samples are better than that of CO 2 shielded arc welding samples.The conclusion is all verified by the three different techniques.Besides, it is also concluded that the corrosion resistant of the both welding samples and base materials are decreased with the increase of the concentration of chloride ions.国家自然科学基金项目(21203158;21073151

The Fe-doped TiO2 nanotube arrays as a photoanode for cathodic protection of stainless steel

A highly ordered Fe-doped TiO2 nanotube layer was fabricated by potentiostatic anodization of pure titanium in fluorinated electrolyte solutions containing iron ions. The structure and composition of the as-prepared TiO2 nanotubes were characterized by SEM, XRD, UV-Vis, and YCPS. The effects of temperature, time, dopant content on the morphologies, structure and photochemical properties of the TiO2 nanotube arrays were investigated systemically. The performances of photogenerated cathodic protection and the photoelectrochemical response for the Fe-doped TiO2 nanotube layers under illumination and dark conditions were evaluated through the electrochemical measurements. It was found that Fe ions in the TiO2 nanotube arrays could suppress the recombination of photogenerated hole-electron. The Fe-doped TiO2 nanotubes showed a stronger absorption in the 410-650 nm range. The open-circuit potentials of 316L SS (stainless steel) coupled with the Fe-doped TiO2 nanotubes layers shifted negatively under visible light irradiation (lambda >400 nm), and maintained negatively for a period even in dark condition. It was indicated that the Fe-doped TiO2 nanotubes layers were able to create effectively a photogenerated cathodic protection for metals under regular sunlight conditions

专题:中国非正规经济(下)

李明欢以非正规雇佣为主要内涵的非正规经济之所以能够在跨国领域大行其道,根源之一在于全球化正如同由跨国资本把握方向盘的巨型“压路机“,力图突破一切不利于其扩张之国境边界,朝着政治和

Empirical Study on Relationships between Producer Services,Manufacturing Industry and Export Trade in China

本文首先利用我国1987-2007年间的投入产出数据以及服务、货物贸易统计数据,通过构建产业间联系指数、直接需求系数、完全需求系数以及出口诱发系数,系统考察了我国国民经济整体的产业关联度、生产者服务业与制造业的中间投入需求关系以及制造业出口中的内涵生产者服务。结果表明,1987-2007年期间,我国经济整体的产业关联度呈明显上升态势,这与我国正处于工业化发展阶段的国情相吻合;我国制造业对生产者服务的直接和完全需求系数均有较大幅度的提高,但需求结构还有待改善,而内涵于制造业出口中的生产者服务的间接出口结构则有所优化,传统的劳动、物质资本密集型生产者服务正逐渐被人力资本、知识资本密集的现代生产者服务所替代。其次,本文进一步基于计量回归模型分析了生产者服务进口对我国制造业出口贸易的影响,研究发现,交通运输业、邮政业、金融业以及保险业这四大生产者服务部门的进口均促进了我国制造业出口贸易的发展,但对于资本密集型制造业出口的影响均不显著。Drawing on China's Input-output tables from 1987 to 2007 and using the data on trade in services and commodities,this paper investigates the extent of industrial linkages and the direct and indirect manufacturing demand for producer services particularly by focusing on the indirect exports of producer services embodied in manufacturing exports.The findings show that the linkage extent of China's industries has increased during the year 1987-2007 which coincided with the industrial development stage of China.The manufacturing demand for producer services has significantly increased,but the demand structure still needs to be improved.However,the export structure of embodied producer services in manufacturing exports has improved.Furthermore,the relationship between imported services and manufacturing exports is examined,finding that imports in the transport,post,finance and insurance sectors will stimulate the development of manufacturing exports,but their effects on different types of manufacturing exports vary.教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目(13JZD010); 教育部人文社科重点研究基地重大项目(12JJD790027); 国家自然科学基金面上项目(71373218、71073131)的资

An Empirical Analysis of the Paradox of China's Service Industry Development

彭水军，厦门大学经济学院教授、博士生导师；李虹静，厦门大学经济学院博士研究生。【中文摘要】近年来我国经济保持持续快速增长，而服务业却没有像预期中那样实现同步增长，这与三次产业结构发展的一般规律相背离。基于2007年中国和美国的投入产出数据，利用投入产出模型对中美服务业的最终需求结构、制造业的服务需求程度和结构以及服务业的自身需求程度和结构三个层面进行比较分析，实证考察表明，我国服务业发展相对滞后的需求方面的成因在于： 其一，国内最终需求尤其是私人服务消费需求明显不足很可能是制约我国服务业发展的基本因素之一，此外，我国服务出口需求结构过于单一，内外发展不平衡；其二，虽然我国服务业的中间需求主要来源于制造业，但是我国制造业的服务化程度以及对服务的需求结构却明显低于美国，制造业与服务业并没有实现良性互动；其三，我国服务业各部门内部自身需求不足，服务业的自我加强效应没有得到充分的发挥。 【Abstract】 In recent years, China’s economy has maintained steady growth，but its service industry has, contrary to expectations，not grown as fast as the general national economy. This is deemed as abnormal in terms of the general law of the third development of industrial structures. On the basis of the I-O tables of China and America in 2007，this study uses the I-O model to analyze three aspects of the service industry in China and America，i. e.， ultimate demand structure, the level and structure of demands for service in the manufacturing sector, and the level and structure of demands within the service industry per se. Our empirical study finds that the following reasons in terms of demands are responsible for the slow growth of China’s service industry ：(1)China’s ultimate demand，especially that of individuals，are significantly inadequate ；there is no variety or diversity in China’ exports of services and there is an imbalance between internal and external developments of the service industry; (2) while demands for services in the middle layer in China mainly come from the manufacturing sector, the capacity of service in the manufacturing sector and the structure of demand for service in China are significantly lower thian those in America ； therefore there has not been a benevolent interaction between the manufacturing industry and the service industry； and (3) there is a lack of internal demand between the different sectors within the service industry in China and the effect of self-reinforcement in China’ service industry has not been brought out into full play.教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“要素成本上升背景下我国外贸中长期发展趋势研究” (13JZD010)；国家社科基金重大项目“气候变化与国际贸易问题研究”（13&ZD167)；国家自然科学基金面上项目“国际贸易的碳排放区域转移效应评估、形成机理及中国的碳排放责任研究”（71373218)；教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划项目“中国贸易投资自由化与可持续发展:基于环境、经济和社会的视角"（NCET-10-0714

PREPARATION OF THE TiO_2-SnO_2 COMPOSITE FILMS AND ITS FUNCTION OF PHOTOGENERATED CATHODIC PROTECTION OF 316L STAINLESS STEEL

用溶胶-凝胶法和旋转涂膜技术在导电玻璃(ITO)表面构筑纳米TiO2膜和纳米TiO2-SnO2复合膜,应用AFM、XRD对膜的形貌及晶体结构进行表征.用光电化学和腐蚀电化学相结合技术,通过测试时间—电位曲线和交流阻抗谱研究光生阴极保护状态下316L不锈钢电极在0.5 mol/L NaCl溶液中的微观界面电荷分布及电子传递规律,探讨光生阴极保护的作用机理.结果表明以TiO2—SnO2复合膜作为光生阳极时,在紫外光照下,316L不锈钢电极可处在阴极保护状态,并且在切断光源后,光生电极电位仍可在较长的一段时间内维持在-0.2 V左右,仍具有一定的阴极保护作用.By the sol-gel method and spin-coating process,the nano TiO_2-SnO_2 composite films have been prepared on the surface of the indium-tin oxide(ITO)glass and 316L stainless steel.The morphology and crystalline structure have been characterized by AFM and XRD.The anticorrosion property of the composite coatings has been studied under dark condition by electrochemical methods.Similarly,the performance of photogenerated cathodic protection of the composite coatings has been measured in 0.5 mol/L NaCl solution(pH=4.6)by combining photoelectrochemical system with corrosion electrochemical system under UV illumination.The results show that in dark the nano TiO_2-SnO_2 composite films have a poorer anticorrosion property than that of the nano TiO_2 coatings.Under UV illumination condition the composite films as a photoanode provide a cathodic protection for 316L,and when the UV light is shut off,its photogenerated potential can remain a cathodic protection of metal for 6 hours.The mechanism of the photogenerated cathodic protection has also been studied by electrochemical impedance spectra.国家自然科学基金(20021002,50571085);; 福建省科技专项(2005HZ01-3