中国南方地区罗非鱼无乳链球菌的分子流行病学研究

从广东省以及海南省等地区养殖的患病罗非鱼体内分离、收集到多株致病菌,经生化分析和分子生物学鉴定,均为无乳链球菌。对这些菌株分别进行了耐药谱测定、分子分型试验以及分子血清型分析。药敏试验结果表明,2007—2010年分离到的无乳链球菌耐药谱基本相似;多位点可变数目串联重复序列分析(MLVA)试验中,选择5个高变异指数的可变数目重复位点(VNTR)进行分子分型,结果表明,所有鱼源无乳链球菌菌株为同一MLVA型,而作为对照的牛源无乳链球菌则明显不同;为了对这些菌株进一步分型,分别进行了分子血清型和表面蛋白抗原基因的检测,结果表明,鱼源无乳链球菌的分子血清型均为Ⅰa型,表面蛋白抗原均为alpha-C蛋白。这进一步说明了不同年份和不同地区的鱼源无乳链球菌在基因水平上为同一分子类型,具有相同的起源或传染源。同时也说明,我国南方地区罗非鱼无乳链球菌在这几年中未发生明显的遗传变异。这些结果为罗非鱼无乳链球菌病疫苗研制,疫病监测及药物防治的研究提供理论依据

货币供给的影响因素分析

货币供给与经济运行密切相关 ,实现对货币供给水平的合理调控是各国中央银行追求的基本目标 ,一般地说 ,财政收支、国际资本流动、货币替换和金融创新等因素将不同方式和程度上影响着货币供给水平 ,弄清其内在作用机制对保持合理的货币供给水平具有重大的理论和实践意义

Noise reduction of excavator cooling fan and wind scooper based on CFD

针对某型挖掘机在工作过程中冷却风扇出口端噪声水平严重超标的问题,对风扇在旋转过程中的气动性能进行了研究。首先,建立了风扇与导风罩所形成的流体域有限元模型。基于Cfd理论,运用fluEnT软件对其流场进行了稳态数值模拟。分别探究了风扇与导风罩相关结构参数对其风量大小与噪声水平的影响。结合厂商提供的散热系统选型软件OPTIMISEr,兼顾风量与噪声要求,得到了最适合该挖掘机的风扇及导风罩型号。优化结果表明,在提供相同风量的前提下,优化后的风扇噪声比原风扇的噪声降低了1.5 d b左右。随后,对该流体域进行了瞬态仿真,分析了风扇噪声的频率特性。仿真结果表明,风扇旋转噪声主要集中在低频段,为企业有针对性地对该频段噪声采取降噪措施提供了指导。Aiming at the problem that the noise level on the outlet side of the cooling fan exceeded the national standard seriously during the working process of an excavator,researches on the aerodynamic performances of revolving fan were carried out.Firstly,the finite element model of the fluid domain which was formed by the fan and the wind scooper was established.Steady-state numerical simulations for the flow field were conducted by using Fluent based on CFD theory.The effects of relevant structural parameters of fan and wind scooper on their blowing rate and noise level were explored respectively.Taking account of both wind and noise requirements,the most suitable type of fan and wind scooper for the excavator were obtained by using Optimiser,a cooling system selection software provided by the manufacturer.The optimization results indicate that the noise of optimized fan reduced 1.5 d B compared to that of original one under the premise that it can provide the same wind as before.Then,transient simulations for the flow field were done to analyze the frequency performances of fan noise.The simulation results indicate that the rotation fan noise concentrates mainly on low frequency stage which guided the company to take noise reduction measures for this frequency band noise specifically.国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2013BAF07B04); 福建省自然科学基金计划资助项目(2014J01210

Kilogram Scale-up Preparation of Catalysts and its Reaction Process in Syngas Methanation

甲烷化催化剂是煤制合成天然气核心技术之一,因此研发合成气完全甲烷化催化剂具有重要意义。研究工作采用实验室小试共沉淀制备甲烷化催化剂的最佳工艺条件; 方法,进行单批次1、5和10; kg级(代号cat-1、cat-5、cat-10)催化剂的制备研究。研究了催化剂制备的控制因素和放大制备催化剂的反应性能及催化反应工艺条件。研究; 显示:催化剂制备的控制因素主要包括Na~+含量及晶型结构;放大制备催化剂具有良好的活性、操作稳定性和耐热性能,与小试制备催化剂具有较好的一致性;; 放大制备催化剂(cat-10)在所考察的还原温度、反应H_2/CO比和10000~40000; mL·h~(-1)*g_(cat)~(-1)反应空速范围内具有良好的甲烷化活性。研究结果表明,该研究单批次公斤级催化剂放大制备是成功的,为实现催; 化剂进一步放大制备提供了良好基础。Methanation catalysts play a vital role in the production of synthetic; natural gas (SNG) from coal. Based on bench-scale optimum; co-precipitation conditions of catalyst preparation, scale up; preparation of catalysts for syngas methanation with single batch of 1,; 5 and 10 kg is studied. Factors affecting catalyst; preparation/performance and scale-up were investigated. The results show; that Na~+ content and crystal structure of the catalysts are the; critical factors, and the catalysts prepared under scale-up conditions; possess excellent operation stability and heat resistance, with; consistent performance as those from bench-scale samples. The 10 kg; batch has good reaction activity under studied conditions. Therefore,; the scale-up preparation is successful for the methanation catalyst in; this study, which is useful for future scale-up preparation of related; catalysts

性別役割意識と実態― 韓国昌原市における未就学児の親調査にもとづいて ―

　本研究の目的は，韓国の昌原市に居住する子育て期の父親と母親の役割意識と実態を把握，分析することである。2016年９月から10月に幼稚園，保育所等の協力を得て質問紙による調査を実施した。質問紙は，父親，母親，祖父母用をセットにした500部を配布，父親217部，母親257部，祖父母54部を回収し，本稿では父親と母親票を分析した。平均年齢は父親が39.4歳，母親が37.6歳，子どもは２人が最も多い。家事・育児は，概ね母親が行っており，父親の３割強，母親の４割強は，家事・育児遂行の現状を不公平と感じ，父親の２割，母親の５割は，父親の育児担当を増やしたいと希望していた。父親の６割，母親の４割強は，「夫は生活費，妻は家事・育児」という役割分業を支持する一方で，６割前後の父親と母親は，「夫は家事・育児，妻は生活費」という逆の形も支持していた。父親と母親の８割以上が家事・育児を平等に分担すべきと考え，父親の５割，母親の６割が生活費を平等に分担すべきと考えていた。本調査の結果，多くの父親と母親は，夫婦における役割遂行について柔軟に考えようとしており，変化がみられていることを確認することができた

脱氧胆酸改性普鲁兰多糖纳米粒子制备与表征

通过酯化反应将脱氧胆酸偶联于普鲁兰多糖骨架形成具有两亲性的普鲁兰多糖衍生物(DP),采用纳米沉淀法制备纳米粒子(DPNs),考察制备条件对纳米粒子性质影响,为进一步将其作为药物载体的研究提供基础。衍生物DP结构通过FT-IR和1 H NMR表征,DPNs经透射电镜、动态光散射仪和zeta电位仪表征检测。获得不同取代度脱氧胆酸改性普鲁兰多糖衍生物,制备得到的纳米粒子呈球形,表面光滑规整,平均粒径100～300nm,zeta电位在-20mV左右。脱氧胆酸改性普鲁兰多糖衍生物通过纳米沉淀法能制备出纳米粒子,颗粒性质受制备条件影响

Diatom diet selectivity by early post-larval abalone Haliotis diversicolor supertexta under hatchery conditions

Benthic diatoms constitute the primary diet of abalone during their early stages of development.To evaluate the dietary preferences of early post-larval abalone,Haliotis diversicolor supertexta,we analyzed the gut contents of post-larvae that settled on diatom films.We compared the abundance and species diversity of diatom assemblages in the gut to those of the epiphytic diatom assemblages on the attachment films,and identified 40 benthic diatom species in the gut contents of post-larvae 12 to 24 d after settlement.The most abundant taxa in the gut contents were Navicula spp.,Amphora copulate,and Amphora coffeaeformis.Navicula spp.accounted for 64.0% of the cell density.In the attachment films,we identified 110 diatom species belonging to 38 genera.Pennate diatoms were the dominant members including the species Amphiprora alata,Cocconeis placentula var.euglypta,Cylindrotheca closterium,Navicula sp.2,and A.coffeaeformis.Nano-diatoms(<20 μm in length) accounted for a considerable proportion of the total species..

Uptake and Metabolism Kinetics of TBT in Whelk(Thais clavigera)Exposed to Dietary

将牡蛎消化腺分别暴露在1000ng.l-1和100ng.l-1TbT水溶液中4周,然后将染毒的牡蛎消化腺分别投喂疣荔枝螺(THAIS ClAVIgErA)。经过45d的暴露和30d的净化,我们发现雌雄疣荔枝螺的消化和生殖系统能较快地吸收TbT(吸收速率ku=0.004-0.022.d-1),并且其代谢(生物代谢系数bdI=5.59-23.30)和排出速率(净化速率kE=0.024-0.053.d-1)也相对较快,各器官中TbT的代谢产物MbT占了相对较高的比例,因此TbT在食物链传递过程中没有出现生物放大的现象。此外,TbT有逐渐从雌螺消化系统向生殖系统转移的趋势,并且雌螺生殖系统对TbT的吸收和富集能力(ku=0.006-0.022.d-1,生物放大系数bMf=0.181-0.664)要显著强于雄螺(ku=0.004-0.014.d-1,生物放大系数bMf=0.142-0.376),但其代谢和净化速率(bdI=5.59-10.50,kE=0.024-0.025.d-1)却显著低于雄螺(bdI=11.5-12.4,kE=0.031-0.050.d-1),雌螺的生殖系统被认为是TbT转移和富集的潜在靶器官,这对我们今后开展TbT污染的环境监测和评价具有重要的参考价值。Oysters were respectively exposed to 1000 ng·L-1 and 100 ng·L-1 tributyltin(TBT) aqueous for 4 weeks,which was as dietary to feed the female and male Thais clavigera whelks for 45 days.Then these Thais clavigera were depurated for 30 days.The results show that TBT rapidly accumulated in their digestive and reproductive organs(ku=0.004-0.022 d-1).Moreover,elimination and biotransformation of TBT were also rapid(BDI=5.6-23.30,ke=0.024-0.053 d-1).MBT was the dominant metabolite in each tissue.Therefore,bio-magnification of TBT did not occur during the trophic transfer process.Additionally,to females,the mobilization of TBT from digestive to reproductive organs and bioaccumulation of TBT(ku=0.006-0.022 d-1,BMF=0.181-0.664) were more obvious than that of the males.However,lower metabolism and elimination of TBT(BDI=5.6-10.5,ke=0.024-0.025 d-1) in female reproductive organs,which indicated that the reproductive organs of females were the main targets of TBT accumulation.The results are important to the risk assessment of TBT contamination in coastal environments.国家“863”项目No.2007AA09Z126;国家自然科学基金项目No.40476048;20777060;海洋公益性行业科研专项经费;No.20080509

苯氧异丁酸类化合物的合成及其体外抗糖尿病活性(英文)

目的设计及合成新型苯氧异丁酸类抗糖尿病化合物。方法关键步骤采用亲核取代反应或M itsunobu缩合反应把亲脂性片段和酸性片段连接成一体,共合成了8个新目标物。用核磁共振、红外、质谱进行结构确认。结果体外胰岛素增敏活性测试(3T3-L1脂肪细胞)结果显示,分别将罗格列酮、吡格列酮、目标物A和B加入已经存在胰岛素抵抗脂肪细胞培养液中,用GOD-POD方法分析得到上清液葡萄糖浓度分别为5.942,6.339,6.226和6.512mmol.L-1。结论目标物A在胰岛素抵抗实验(3T3-L1脂肪细胞)中抗糖尿病活性介于市售PPARγ激动剂罗格列酮和吡格列酮之间,而目标物B的活性略低于吡格列酮