视野与方法:科举民俗文化遗产保护融合路径探究

中国科举民俗文化集中反映了民众对考试,对教育的理解水平、认同程度、行为方式,具有重要的历史价值与学术价值。科举民俗文化遗产资源丰富,类型多样,保护难度较大,宜采用多种方法结合的保护策略,具体做法是:以预防性保护理念树立"提前"保护意识;以登录保护制度树立"整体"保护意识,在记录方式上博取众家之长,根据保护类型和目标,仿照古代方志、古代笔记记录整理,还可采用口述史方法补充素材。科举民俗文化遗产保护的最终目的是通过技术层面的多元实践,实现既体现文化传承又反映科学创新,既有历史内涵又有社会情怀的文化遗产保护目标。2013年度教育部人文社会科学研究西部规划基金项目“明清云南科举文献整理及研究”(13XJA751004

Purification and Properties of β-glucosidase from Aspergillus glaucus EU7-22

目的:利用灰绿曲霉Eu7-22发酵产纤维素酶,从中分离到β-葡萄糖苷酶,分析其理化特性,确定其最佳活性条件。方法:灰绿曲霉Eu7-22发酵液离心后,上清液经硫酸铵沉淀、PHEnyl 6 fAST flOW(HIgHSub)疏水层析和SEPHACryl S-200凝胶层析,获得纯化的β-葡萄糖苷酶。结果:纯酶的比活性为5.1 Iu/Mg,得率为13.89%。SdS-PAgE凝胶电泳分析表明该酶是单亚基蛋白,其分子量为56.2 kdA。在PH4.0--6.0范围内,β-葡萄糖苷酶具有较高的稳定性,该酶的最适酶促反应PH为5.0。当β-葡萄糖苷酶在温度低于60℃的缓冲液中温育1 H后,酶活损失不大,表现了较好的稳定性;当该酶在温度高于60℃的缓冲液中温育1 H后,酶活迅速丧失。β-葡萄糖苷酶在70℃时具有最大催化活性。结论:灰绿曲霉Eu7-22发酵产生的β-葡萄糖苷酶具有较高活性,具有分子量较小、最佳催化温度较高的特点。Objective:β-glucosidase produced by Aspergillus glaucus EU7-22 was purified and characterized.Method:The β-glucosidase of Aspergillus glaucus EU722 was purified from ferment supernatant liquid by three steps of purification,ammonium sulfate precipitation(80%,W/V),Phenyl 6 Fast Flow(high sub) column chromatography and Sephacryl S-200 column chromatography,with a specific activity of 5.1 IU/mg and a yield of 13.89%.Result:The purified β-glucosidase was determined as a monomeric protein with a molecular weight of 56.2 kDa.The enzyme exhibited high stability when it was kept in the buffer at pH 4.0～6.0 and at the temperature below 60℃.β-glucosidase exhibited its optimal activity at 70℃.Conclusion: β-glucosidase produced by Aspergillus glaucus EU7-22 with small molecular showed high activity under the optimal conditions.国家“973”计划项目(2010CB732201);国际科技合作重点项目(2009DFA60930)资

Research Progress of Metal Material Liquid Forming Technology

随着汽车工业的迅速发展以及市场竞争对铸件质量要求的提高,推动了金属材料液态成型技术发展。从20世纪70年代压铸技术的广泛运用,到90年代挤压铸造技术的不断完善,随后挤压压铸技术不断创新,使液态成型技术向多学科渗透融合发展,应用领域不断拓展,铸件用量逐年上升。重点介绍了压铸、挤压铸造、挤压压铸这三种重要的成型技术发展以及取得的最新成果。With the rapid development of auto industry and the market competition on the increase of the requirement of the casting quality,the development of metal material liquid forming technology was promoted.From the extensive use of the die casting technology in the nineteen seventies to constant maturity of the 90's the squeeze casting technology,and then the continuous innovation of squeezing die casting,the liquid forming technology for multidisciplinary permeated and developed,application area continued to expand,and casting quantities increased year by year.The development and the latest achievements of three kinds of important forming technologies(die casting,squeezing casting and squeezing die casting) were mainly introduced.贵州省(贵阳市)工业攻关项目(黔科合GY字[2012]3004;筑科合同[2012101]2-13号

The Analysis and Assessment of Groundwater Quality of Qinhuangdao

针对秦皇岛市地下水位下降,环境污染日益严重的现实,开展了以海水入侵区为主的地下水质综合评价与分析。在全市境内布设76眼监测井,用单因子法和综合法对地下水质量进行了评价,并对地下水水质变化趋势进行了分析。研究结果表明:Ⅰ类水只占5.3%,Ⅱ、Ⅲ水占14.5%,Ⅳ类及超Ⅳ类水占到80%以上,其中Ⅴ类水占40%。主要污染物有Fe、Mn、NO3-N、Cl、总硬度等。地下水质监测动态变化显示:总硬度、Cl-、矿化度、F-等呈上升趋势,其中总硬度和Cl-上升达75%,说明海水入侵的影响很大。To conter the situation of increasingly declining groundwater level and environmental pollution,the water quality assessment and analysis of sea water invasion district was studied.76 monitoring wells were laid,a single index method and the method of the comprehensive evaluation were used and the groundwater trends was analyzed.The results showed that the shallow groundwater of Qinhuangdao City meeting the Ⅰcategory water standard accounted for only 5.3%,Ⅱ,Ⅲcategories 14.5%,Ⅳ,Ⅴcategories more than 80%,40% of which wasⅤcategories and that Fe,Mn,NO3-N,Cl,total hardness were the major chemical components.The dynamics monitoring of underground water indicated that total hardness,chlorine,degree of mineralization,fluorine are becoming upward trend,especially total hardness and chlorine increased by over 75%, which means salt water intrusion on the larger impact.河北省自然基金项目(301165

Application of Accelerated Solvent Extraction Technique for Analysis of Active Components in Traditional Chinese Medicinal Herbs

以两种药材为研究实例,对加速溶剂萃取法(ASE)在中药材有效成分提取研究中的应用进行了简要介绍。采用正交试验法考察了提取丹参中丹酚酸B的提取条件(萃取温度、静态萃取时间、萃取溶剂以及料液比),确定了较好的实验条件。比较了ASE、水蒸气蒸馏法、超声波提取法及索氏提取法对木香挥发油的提取效果,结果表明ASE对木香挥发油的提取效果最好。The application of accelerated solvent extraction(ASE) technique for the Analysis of active components in traditional Chinese medicinal herbs was introduced by using two kinds of herbs as examples.The conditions including extraction temperature,static extraction time,the ratio of material to solvent and solvent of ASE for extraction of salvianolic acid B in Salvia miltiorrhiza were optimized by orthogonal experiments,and the optimal conditions were obtained.Different extraction methods(ASE,steam distillation,ultrasonic wave and Soxhlet extraction) were used to extract volatile oil in Aucklandia lappa Decne.Results of the comparative experiments indicated that ASE was the most effective method in this case.All the results from these studies demonstrate that ASE is indeed a powerful tool in the preparation of herbal extracts for downstream chromatographic analysis.青岛“2004将才计划”(04-3-JJ-11);; 共建生物医药研发测试中心(LS-05-KJZX-76)资

Analysis of Alkaloids in Coptis chinensis Franch by High Performance Capillary Electrophoresis-Electrospray Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry

建立了高效毛细管电泳-电喷雾飞行时间质谱联用(HPCE-ESI-TOF/MS)快速定性分析黄连中生物碱类化合物的分析方法.使用未涂层石英毛细管,以50mmol/L乙酸铵-0.5%甲醇溶液(用氨水调至pH=7.2)作为运行缓冲液,分离电压为25kV;鞘液组成为50%甲醇-49.5%水-0.5%乙酸,鞘液流速为4μL/min;质谱选用正离子模式,碰撞电压(Fragmentor)为100V.结果表明,通过各色谱峰紫外光谱和质谱测得精确分子量结果,结合文献,对黄连中7种生物碱进行了鉴定.表明本方法简便、快速,是黄连中生物碱类化合物快速分离、鉴别的有效方法.A new method for the analysis of alkaloids in Coptis chinensis Franch was established by high performance capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (HPCE-ESI-TOF/MS). The real samples were separated by an uncoated capillary. 50 mmol/L ammonium acetate containing 0.5% methanol (pH=7.2) was used as the running buffer, and separation voltage was 25 kV. A coaxial sheath flow interface was used as the CE-MS interface, and a 50% methanol-49.5% water- 0.5% acetic acid mixture was used as the sheath liquid with a flow rate of 4 μL/min. The lens voltages in a positive ion mode with a collision induced dissociation (CID) voltage of 100 V were used for ESI-TOF/MS analysis. Seven alkaloids in Coptis chinensis Franch methanol extracts were separated and identified by CE-DAD and CE-ESI-TOF/MS. The coupling of HPCE separation with accurate mass measurement capability of ESI-TOF/MS provides an attractive tool for the identification of alkaloid compounds in Coptis chinensis Franch.国家自然科学基金重点项目(No.20235020);; 青岛“2004将才计划”(No.04-3-JJ-11);; 共建生物医药研发测试中心(No.LS-05-KJZX-76)资助项目

基底力学微环境对干细胞生物学功能的影响

目的:干细胞是一类没有分化的多潜能细胞,具有无限自我增殖和分化成多种细胞的能力。干细胞生长的生理微环境称为壁龛(niche),基底硬度、拓扑结构和三维尺寸等物理力学特征决定干细胞的命运。尽管越来越多的证据证明基底力学微环境对干细胞干性及分化具有重要影响,但基底硬度、拓扑结构和三维尺寸单因素及多因素耦合如何影响干细胞的特性及其分子机制还不够清楚。方法:为模拟体内干细胞生长力学微环境,考察不同基

C70苄基衍生物的合成及其在钙钛矿太阳能电池中的应用

富勒烯及其衍生物具有高的电子传输效率,是倒置平面异质结钙钛矿太阳能电池器件中优异的电子传输层材料（electron transport materials, ETMs）。其中,富勒烯C70通常存在众多的异构体产物,通过常规的手段难以实现有效分离,故关于结构明确的富勒烯衍生物对钙钛矿太阳能电池的影响,目前尚缺乏系统的研究和理解。本文基于对一种结构明确的C70衍生物2,5-（PhCH2）2C70的成功合成和分离,并将其作为电子传输材料构建平面异质结倒置太阳能电池器件,最终实现了12.77%的光电转换效率,通过对富勒烯衍生物中分子的晶体结构堆积的研究,分析富勒烯衍生物结构对钙钛矿太阳能电池器件性能的影响。该工作对于拓展和丰富富勒烯衍生物在钙钛矿电池中的应用有着重要的意义。国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)(2014CB845601,2015CB932301);;\n国家自然科学基金(21771152,21721001,21390390,51572231,21701134);;\n福建省科技厅高校产学合作项目(2016H6023);;\n中央高校基本科研业务费(20720170028,20720160084

Analysis of alkaloids in Coptis chinensis Franch by high performance capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization time of flight mass Spectrometry

A new method for the analysis of alkaloids in Coptis chinensis Franch was established by high performance capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (HPCE-ESI-TOF/MS). The real samples were separated by an uncoated capillary. 50 mmol/L ammonium acetate containing 0.5% methanol (pH=7.2) was used as the running buffer, and separation voltage was 25 kV. A coaxial sheath flow interface was used as the CE-MS interface, and a 50% methanol-49.5% water- 0.5% acetic acid mixture was used as the sheath liquid with a flow rate of 4 mu L/min. The lens voltages in a positive ion mode with a collision induced dissociation (CID) voltage of 100 V were used for ESI-TOF/MS analysis. Seven alkaloids in Coptis chinensis Franch methanol extracts were separated and identified by CE-DAD and CE-ESI-TOF/MS. The coupling of HPCE separation with accurate mass measurement capability of ESI-TOF/MS provides an attractive tool for the identification of alkaloid compounds in Coptis chinensis Franch