SD大鼠喉移植自然免疫排斥的病理学观察

【目的】对SD大鼠喉移植的自然免疫排斥过程进行病理学观察，定义移植喉急性免疫排斥反应的病理评价标准。【方法】实验采用作者已建立的改良模型进行鼠喉移植。实验组12例，受体和供体均为封闭群Ⅱ级雄性SD大鼠，移植术后第1，3，5，7，14，21天（各2例）解剖移植喉，常规病理观察移植喉的组织结构变化；对照组12例，受体和供体均为F344近交系大鼠，方法同实验组。【结果】实验组术后第1天移植喉表现为周围组织，黏膜固有层水肿；术后第3天时固有层增厚，炎症细胞浸润．小涎腺腺泡结构部分破坏，扭曲；呼吸道上皮部分坏死脱落，白细胞浸润．气管腔有浆液渗出；术后第5天小涎腺严重破坏、萎缩，气管上皮呈大部分坏死脱落。肌肉和甲状腺开始坏死、萎缩、炎症细胞浸润；术后第7天则软骨膜开始破坏，软骨周围有大量炎症细胞浸润，甲状腺、小涎腺、肌肉大量破坏，仅剩少量变性组织残留。术后第14天移植喉正常结构消失，大量炎症细胞浸润，软骨结构仅剩部分：术后第21天移植喉完全被疤痕组织替代。对照组术后第1、3、5天变化与实验组相近稍轻，术后第14天、第21天移植喉外周纤维包裹形成，喉结构存在，气管黏膜鳞状化，涎腺、甲状腺、肌肉部分萎缩，甲状软骨结构基本正常。【结论】同种异体SD大鼠异位喉移植的免疫排斥过程呈渐进性过程。黏膜上皮、涎腺、甲状腺、肌肉、软骨被机体免疫排斥破坏时间不一，黏膜上皮最早，软骨最迟。喉移植免疫排斥的时序性与免疫排斥程度分级相关

大鼠供体喉保存的研究

【目的】研究大鼠喉移植供体喉的保存，探讨喉体不同组织结构对缺血和坏死的耐受情况。【方法】40只Wister大鼠，采用UW液灌注，低温保存供体鼠喉，分别通过病理光学及透射电镜观察其形态学改变，比较喉不同组织结构的缺血、坏死变化。【结果】供体喉保存60h后，病理HE染色才能镜检到喉体组织缺血改变，电镜24h即可发现组织细胞的缺血改变，鼠喉各组织结构缺血耐受时间不同，最先出现变化的是粘膜上皮，接着是喉内肌、小涎腺、血管内皮、神经纤维，最后改变的是软骨细胞。【结论】透射电镜检查能及时地反映喉体组织细胞缺血、坏死情况，UW氏液保存供体喉不宜超过26h

Mechanism Study of the Promoting Action of Elongated Needle Acupuncture on Functional Repair in Rats with Acute Spinal Cord Injury

目的 观察芒针对急性脊髓损伤炎症反应和神经细胞凋亡的影响,研究PI3K/Akt和MAPK/ERK信号转导途径是否参与芒针的神经保护作用,探讨芒针促脊髓损伤修复的具体作用机制.方法 将150只成年雄性SD大鼠随机分为A组、B组、C组、D组和E组,每组30只.采用改良Allen＇s法制作大鼠脊髓中度损伤模型,A组为假手术组,不予以损伤脊髓及芒针治疗;B组造模后不予以芒针治疗;C组造模后采用芒针治疗;D组造模前0.5 h鞘内注射LY294002,造模后采用芒针治疗;E组造模前0.5 h鞘内注射PD98059,造模后采用芒针治疗.分别采用BBB评分检测大鼠的自发活动;ELISA检测炎性因子TNF-α 、IL-6、IL-1β、NF-κB的含量;TUNEL检测细胞凋亡的程度;免疫组化检测Bcl-2和Bax阳性细胞水平;Western印迹分析p-Akt和p-ERK在脊髓组织的表达,RT-PCR分析Cyt-C和Caspase-3在体内的表达.相对的下行Akt和ERK信号通路通过LY294002和PD98059特异性抑制剂处理分析在体内的抑制作用.结果 炎症反应和PI3K/Akt和MAPK/ERK信号通路抑制的神经元凋亡参与了脊髓损伤大鼠模型的损害,芒针介导的神经保护作用与Bax蛋白阳性神经元数目的减少及Bcl-2蛋白阳性神经元数量的增加有关.芒针治疗能改善大鼠的运动功能,PI3K/Akt和MAPK/ERK信号通路中p-Akt和p-ERK的激活,通过下调Bax蛋白和Bcl-2表达上调,抑制了线粒体凋亡途径关键因子Cyt-C的表达.TUNEL法检测并抑制激活神经元凋亡的Caspase-3的级联.PI3K/Akt和MAPK/ERK信号通路特异性抑制剂LY294002和PD98059的应用抑制了p-Akt和p-ERK的表达.结论 芒针促脊髓损伤修复的神经保护作用可能与炎症反应和PI3K/Akt和MAPK/ERK信号通路的激活、通过下调Bax蛋白和Bcl-2表达上调以及抑制线粒体途径诱导的凋亡有关.Objective To observe the effect of elongated needle acupuncture on inflammatory reactions and apoptosis in acute spinal cord injury, investigate if PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK signal transduction pathways are involved in the neuroprotective effect of elongated needle acupuncture and explore the promoting action of elongated needle acupuncture on spinal cord injury repair.Method One hundred and fifty adult male SD rats were randomized into groups A, B, C, D and E, 30 each. A model of moderate spinal cord injury was made by modified Allen＇s method. Group A received a sham operation without spinal cord injury and no elongated needle acupuncture. Group B did not receive elongated needle acupuncture after model making. Group C received elongated needle acupuncture after model making. Group D received an intrathecal injection of LY294002 at 0.5 hour before model making and elongated needle acupuncture after model making. Group E received an intrathecal injection of PD98059 at 0.5 hour before model making and elongated needle acupuncture after model making. Rat spontaneous activity was examined using the BBB rating. Inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and NF-κB contents were measured by ELISA. The degree of apoptosis was determined by TUNEL. Bcl-2- and Bax-positive cell levels were measured by an immunohistochemical method. Spinal p-Akt and p-ERK expressions were determined by Western blot. In vivo expressions of Cyt-C and Caspase-3 were determined by RT-PCR. The in vivo inhibitory effect on downstream Akt and ERK signaling pathways was investigated using specific inhibitors LY294002 and PD98059.Result Inflammatory reactions and neuronal apoptosis due to the inhibition of PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK signal pathways were involved in the damage in a rat model of spinal cord injury. The neuroprotective effect of elongated needle acupuncture was related to a decrease in the number of Bax protein-positive neurons and an increase in the number of Bcl-2 protein-positive neurons. Elongated needle acupuncture treatment improved r浙江省中医药科研计划项目（2008CB067

含金属笼型倍半硅氧烷的研究进展

倍半硅氧烷作为催化剂载体硅胶表面结构与性能研究的模型,可以通过表征其表面反应性质来直观认识硅胶负载型催化剂的作用机制。过去几十年来,倍半硅氧烷的研究呈现飞跃式的发展态势,开发出许多新化合物和新合成方法,并在一些催化过程中得到应用。将倍半硅氧烷作为金属化合物的配体,极大地丰富了元素化学的内容。本文重点介绍了合成含金属笼型倍半硅氧烷的相关进展,同时介绍了含金属笼型倍半硅氧烷在聚合物材料应用中的研究

黄连素对精神分裂症患者血脂水平影响的Meta分析

目的系统评价黄连素对精神分裂症患者血脂水平的影响,为精神分裂症患者血脂干预方案的选择提供参考。方法系统检索英文数据库(PubMed、PsycINFO、Embase、Cochrane Library)和中文数据库(中国期刊全..

含POSS聚合物的制备与性能研究进展

多面体齐聚倍半硅氧烷(POSS)具有特殊的笼状结构,可从纳米尺度上起到对聚合物的改性作用。通过不同的方法将POSS分子引入到聚合物体系中去,以改善聚合物性能是聚合物改性的重要手段之一。文中从聚合方式上对含POSS聚合物的制备进行介绍,包括传统自由基聚合、活性聚合、缩聚聚合和开环聚合,并对合成的含POSS有机/无机聚合物的性能进行相关介绍

Application of Fluorescent Probe Technique in Study of Polymer Self-Assembly

采用自组装技术制备新型功能性材料已成为聚合物材料的一个热门研究领域。大部分两亲性聚合物,如嵌段聚合物、接枝聚合物、星型聚合物、树枝状聚合物和部分无规聚合物及聚电解质,在特定条件下可发生自组装。在聚合物自组装的研究中,荧光技术已经得到了广泛的应用,尤其是荧光探针技术。根据荧光探针分子荧光光谱特征峰荧光波长、强度、偏振以及寿命等参数的变化,可以简便而又准确地研究聚合物的临界胶束浓度、温度和PH敏感性、结构与自组装形态的关系、微环境变化等信息。本文综述了荧光探针技术在两亲性聚合物自组装行为研究中的应用,重点介绍了荧光探针技术研究聚合物亲水亲油平衡值(Hlb值)、浓度、温度、PH、溶剂组成及离子强度等因素对聚合物自组装形貌和微观特性参数的影响。此外,结合我们的研究工作对本征荧光光谱方法在聚合物研究中的应用做了阐述和展望,以期为两亲性聚合物的设计合成、自组装行为控制及应用提供参考。Preparation of new functional materials by self-assembly technique has become a hot research field of polymeric materials science.Most of the amphiphilic polymers,such as block copolymers,graft copolymers,star copolymers,dendrimers,part of the random copolymer and polyelectrolyte,etc.can self-assemble under certain conditions.In the study of polymer self-assembly,fluorescent technique has been widely used,especially fluorescent probe technique.According to the changes of the characteristic fluorescence parameters of the probe molecules,such as wavelength,intensity,polarization,lifetime,etc.the critical micelle concentration,temperature and pH dependence,the relationship of structure and self-assemble morphology of the polymer could be easily and accurately studied.This paper is focused on the application of the fluorescent probe technique in investigation of self-assembly behavior of amphiphilic polymers.The effects of hydrophilic lipophilic balance(HLB),concentration,temperature,pH,solvent composition,ionic strength,etc.on self-assemble morphology and microscopic characteristics parameters of amphiphilic polymers are particularly reviewed.Furthermore,based on our own research work,the applications of intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy method in polymer investigation are elaborated.It will characterize the conformation transitions of macromolecules during the self-assembly process more truly.This paper aims at providing reference for design,polymerization,self-assembly controlling and applications of amphiphilic polymers.国家自然科学基金项目(No.51103123); 福建省自然科学基金项目(No.2012J01234)资

材料燃烧失效与防火阻燃特色课程体系建设的探索

阐述材料燃烧失效与防火阻燃课程建设的基本构想、定位和教学思路;从教材及教学内容优化、加强实验教学与革新教学方法、强化实践教学、规范课程管理模式入手,将其建设成材料学科的特色课程。国家自然科学基金(51173153;51103123); 福建省重大科技平台建设基金(2009J1009)、产学重大专项(2010H6021)、科技重点项目(2007T0013;2008H0033)、自然科学基金项目(2012J01234); 厦门市科技项目(3502Z20031078;3502Z20041054;3502Z20070010;3502Z20073006;3502Z20081045;3502Z20103004;3502Z20120015); 福建省产学研联合开发(省属)专项(闽经贸计

无卤含硅阻燃环氧树脂制备与性能研究

合成了一种新型的含硅环氧单体-二缩水甘油基二甲基硅烷(DGDMS),将其以一定比例加入到普通商用环氧树脂(DER332)中,使用固化剂4,4'-二氨基二苯砜(DDS)共固化制得无卤含硅阻燃环氧树脂,研究探讨该阻燃环氧树脂的性能。结果表明:随着DGDMS含量的增加,空气和氮气中成炭率(700℃)相应得到提高,同时,氧指数由25.5上升至38.0,证明了在环氧树脂分子链中引入DGDMS可大大提高其阻燃性能

Effects of electro-acupuncture on neuronal apoptosis and associative function in rats with spinal cord injury

目的 :探讨电针对大鼠急性脊髓损伤后膀胱功能改善的影响及作用机制。方法 :取健康成年雄性SPf级Sd大鼠60只,体重220~250 g,适应性饲养1周后,将大鼠按照随机数字表法随机分为假手术组、模型组、电针组和电针对照组,各15只。假手术组不予任何刺激,模型组、电针组和电针对照组大鼠采用改良AllEnS法制作脊髓损伤中度损伤Sd大鼠模型,模型组不予治疗,电针组给予秩边与水道穴电针治疗,电针对照组给予秩边与水道穴旁开0.5寸电针治疗,频率2/100 Hz,电流1 M A,刺激15 MIn,电针左右隔次交替,每日1次,共7次;分别于术后1、7 d观察大鼠残余尿量、排尿量的变化;术后7 d处死大鼠取伤段脊髓观察各组大鼠凋亡情况,检测bCl-2、bAX、bAd含量的变化。结果:造模后3组大鼠均出现不同程度的膀胱功能障碍。术后7 d,电针组、电针对照组残余尿量较术后1 d明显降低(P<0.001),且电针组与电针对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);电针组、电针对照组较模型组在术后7 d排尿量增加,且电针组与电针对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);TunEl发现电针可以抑制脊髓神经细胞的凋亡,电针组、电针对照组与模型组相比在术后7 d脊髓神经细胞凋亡率显著增加(P<0.01,P<0.05),且电针组与电针对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与模型组相比,电针组、电针对照组bAX、bAd的阳性表达率降低(P<0.01,P<0.05),而bCl-2的阳性表达率升高(P<0.01);且电针组与电针对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 :电针能明显促进急性脊髓损伤的修复,其机制可能为通过增加bCl-2、抑制bAX、bAd的表达,从而抑制脊髓神经元细胞的凋亡发生作用的。Objective:To explore the effect of electro acupuncture to improve the bladder function after acute spinal cord injury in rats and its possible mechanism.Methods:Sixty healthy adult male SD rats of SPF grade,with body weight of 220 to250 g,one week after feeding adaptation,were randomly divided into sham operation group,model group,electro acupuncture group,electro acupuncture control group with 15 rats in each group.Sham operation group underwent no stimulation,and the moderate damage model of spinal cord injury were made in other three groups according to modified Allens method.The model group were not treated,electro acupuncture group were treated with electro acupuncture on Zhibianxue and Shuidaoxue,and electro acupuncture control group were treated with electro acupuncture on 0.5 inch next to Zhibianxue and Shuidaoxue.The frequency of 2 / 100 Hz,current of 1 m A,stimulation time of 15 min,once a day,left and right alternately stimulate every time,for a total of 7 times.The changes of residual urine volume and urine output in rats at the 1st and the 7th days after operation were observed.And 7 d later,the rats were sacrificed and the injured spinal cord were taken out to observe the apoptosis,and to detect the changes of Bcl-2,Bax,Bad content.Results:After modeling,the rats of three groups showed different bladder dysfunction.In electro acupuncture group and electro acupuncture control group,the residual urine volume of the 7th day after operation was significant lower than the 1st day after operation(P<0.001),and there was statistically significant difference on the 7th day after operation between two groups(P<0.001).Compared with model group,the urine output of electro acupuncture group and electro acupuncture control group was significantly increased on the 7th day after operation,and there was significant difference between electro acupuncture group and electro acupuncture control group(P<0.001).Electro acupuncture can inhibit apoptosis of spinal cord neurons by TUNEL detection.Postoperative at 7 d,the rate of nerve cell apoptosis in electro acupuncture group and electro acupuncture control group was significant increased than model group(P<0.01,P<0.05),and there was significant difference between electro acupuncture group and electro acupuncture control group(P<0.005).Compared with model group,the positive expression rate of Bax,Bad decreased(P<0.01,P<0.05),and Bcl-2 increased(P<0.01)in electro acupuncture group and electro acupuncture control group,there was significant difference between electro acupuncture group and electro acupuncture control group(P<0.01).Conclusion:Electro acupuncture can obviously promote the repair of acute spinal cord injury,its mechanism may be through increasing Bcl-2,inhibiting the expression of Bax,Bad,which inhibits the apoptosis of spinal cord neurons.浙江省中医药科研计划项目(编号:2008CB067)~