采用自组装技术制备新型功能性材料已成为聚合物材料的一个热门研究领域。大部分两亲性聚合物,如嵌段聚合物、接枝聚合物、星型聚合物、树枝状聚合物和部分无规聚合物及聚电解质,在特定条件下可发生自组装。在聚合物自组装的研究中,荧光技术已经得到了广泛的应用,尤其是荧光探针技术。根据荧光探针分子荧光光谱特征峰荧光波长、强度、偏振以及寿命等参数的变化,可以简便而又准确地研究聚合物的临界胶束浓度、温度和PH敏感性、结构与自组装形态的关系、微环境变化等信息。本文综述了荧光探针技术在两亲性聚合物自组装行为研究中的应用,重点介绍了荧光探针技术研究聚合物亲水亲油平衡值(Hlb值)、浓度、温度、PH、溶剂组成及离子强度等因素对聚合物自组装形貌和微观特性参数的影响。此外,结合我们的研究工作对本征荧光光谱方法在聚合物研究中的应用做了阐述和展望,以期为两亲性聚合物的设计合成、自组装行为控制及应用提供参考。Preparation of new functional materials by self-assembly technique has become a hot research field of polymeric materials science.Most of the amphiphilic polymers,such as block copolymers,graft copolymers,star copolymers,dendrimers,part of the random copolymer and polyelectrolyte,etc.can self-assemble under certain conditions.In the study of polymer self-assembly,fluorescent technique has been widely used,especially fluorescent probe technique.According to the changes of the characteristic fluorescence parameters of the probe molecules,such as wavelength,intensity,polarization,lifetime,etc.the critical micelle concentration,temperature and pH dependence,the relationship of structure and self-assemble morphology of the polymer could be easily and accurately studied.This paper is focused on the application of the fluorescent probe technique in investigation of self-assembly behavior of amphiphilic polymers.The effects of hydrophilic lipophilic balance(HLB),concentration,temperature,pH,solvent composition,ionic strength,etc.on self-assemble morphology and microscopic characteristics parameters of amphiphilic polymers are particularly reviewed.Furthermore,based on our own research work,the applications of intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy method in polymer investigation are elaborated.It will characterize the conformation transitions of macromolecules during the self-assembly process more truly.This paper aims at providing reference for design,polymerization,self-assembly controlling and applications of amphiphilic polymers.国家自然科学基金项目(No.51103123); 福建省自然科学基金项目(No.2012J01234)资
