2008年奥运会后我国竞技体育竞赛体制的发展方向

文章回顾了我国竞技体育竞赛体制的发展历程,分析了现行赛制的优点和弊端,并根据我国的基本国情,阐述了2008年奥运会后,我国竞技体育竞赛体制的发展方向,希望能为我国竞赛体制的完善提供可借鉴的实际意义

Relationship between BMI,WHR and brachial arterial vasodilation function of middle-aged patients with impaired glucose tolerance

探讨体重指数(bMI)、腰臀比(WHr)与中年糖耐量减低(IgT)者血管内皮功能的关系。行标准75g口服葡萄糖耐量试验(75gOgTT),诊断为IgT者101例,年龄在45-59岁。对研究对象检测bMI、WHr、肱动脉血流介导的内皮依赖性血管舒张功能(以△dIA-P%表示)、硝酸甘油介导的非内皮依赖性血管舒张功能(以△dIA-n%表示)、C-型利钠肽(CnP)、内皮素-1(ET-1)、OgTT2H血糖、空腹血糖及胰岛素,计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-Ir),并进行统计学分析。bMI、WHr与空腹血糖、Og-TT2H血糖、空腹胰岛素、HOMA-Ir、ET-1、CnP、△dIA-P%具有相关性,而且bMI与△dIA-n%具有相关性。bMI正常、超重与肥胖三组比较,正常组与肥胖组之间ET-1、CnP、△dIA-P%、△dIA-n%、空腹血糖、OgTT2H血糖、空腹胰岛素和HOMA-Ir均具有显著性差异,而超重组与肥胖组之间ET-1、空腹血糖、OgTT2H血糖、空腹胰岛素、HOMA-Ir具有显著性差异。WHr正常与异常二组比较,空腹血糖、OgTT2H血糖、空腹胰岛素、HOMA-Ir、ET-1、CnP、△dIA-P%具有显著性差异。中年IgT者血管内皮功能、糖代谢及胰岛素敏感性受体脂含量、体脂分布的影响,bMI、WHr与血管内皮功能障碍、胰岛素抵抗、糖代谢异常之间存在相关性,而且二者与胰岛素抵抗、糖代谢异常的相关性较血管内皮功能障碍的相关性大,腹型肥胖是胰岛素抵抗的重要相关因素。The purpose of this study was to discuss the relationship between MI,WHR and vascular endothelium function of middle-aged patients with impaired glucose tolerance.101 persons diagnose4d as IGT,aged between 45-59 were detected on BMI,WHR,△Dia-P%,△Dia-N%,CNP,ET-1,OGTT2h glucose,fasting blood glucose and insulin after taking 75gOGTT.HOMA-IR was caculated and statistics was analyzed.The result showed that BMI and WHR had relationship with BMI,WHR,△Dia-P%,ET-1,OGTT2h glucose,fasting blood glucose,fasting insulin,CNP and HOMA-IR,and BMI had relationship whith △Dia-N%.Compared with those of the overweight group and obesity group,ET-1,CNP,△Dia-P%,△Dia-N%,fasting blood glucose,OGTT2h glucose,fasting insulin and HOMA-IR were different between the normal group and the obesity group.ET-1,fasting blood glucose,OGTT2h glucose,fasting insulin and HOMA-IR were significantly different between overweight group and obesity group.The comparison of fasting blood glucose,OGTT2h glucose,fasing insulin,HOMA-IR,ET-1,CNP and △Dia-P% were different between normal WHR and abnormal WHR.It was concluded that the percentage of body fat and distribution of body fat influenced vascular endothelium function,glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity of middle-aged patients with impaired glucose tolerance.BMI and WHR were related to vascular endothelium dysfunction,insulin resistance,abnormal glucose metabolism.福建省自然科学基金资助项目(X0850028/2008J0272

类泛素蛋白及其中文命名

泛素家族包括泛素及类泛素蛋白,约20种成员蛋白.近年来,泛素家族领域取得了迅猛发展,并已与生物学及医学研究的各个领域相互交叉.泛素家族介导的蛋白质降解和细胞自噬机制的发现分别于2004和2016年获得诺贝尔奖.但是,类泛素蛋白并没有统一规范的中文译名. 2018年4月9日在苏州召开的《泛素家族介导的蛋白质降解和细胞自噬》专著的编委会上,部分作者讨论了类泛素蛋白的中文命名问题,并在随后的\"泛素家族、自噬与疾病\"(Ubiquitinfamily,autophagy anddiseases)苏州会议上提出了类泛素蛋白中文翻译草案,此草案在参加该会议的国内学者及海外华人学者间取得了高度共识.冷泉港亚洲\"泛素家族、自噬与疾病\"苏州会议是由美国冷泉港实验室主办、两年一度、面向全球的英文会议.该会议在海内外华人学者中具有广泛影响,因此,参会华人学者的意见具有一定的代表性.本文介绍了10个类别的类泛素蛋白的中文命名,系统总结了它们的结构特点,并比较了参与各种类泛素化修饰的酶和它们的生物学功能.文章由45名从事该领域研究的专家合作撰写,其中包括中国工程院院士1名,相关学者4名,长江学者3名,国家杰出青年科学基金获得者18名和美国知名高校华人教授4名.他们绝大多数是参加编写即将由科学出版社出版的专著《泛素家族介导的蛋白质降解和细胞自噬》的专家

中国物理海洋学研究70年：发展历程、学术成就概览

本文概略评述新中国成立70年来物理海洋学各分支研究领域的发展历程和若干学术成就。中国物理海洋学研究起步于海浪、潮汐、近海环流与水团,以及以风暴潮为主的海洋气象灾害的研究。随着国力的增强,研究领域不断拓展,涌现了大量具有广泛影响力的研究成果,其中包括:提出了被国际广泛采用的"普遍风浪谱"和"涌浪谱",发展了第三代海浪数值模式;提出了"准调和分析方法"和"潮汐潮流永久预报"等潮汐潮流的分析和预报方法;发现并命名了"棉兰老潜流",揭示了东海黑潮的多核结构及其多尺度变异机理等,系统描述了太平洋西边界流系;提出了印度尼西亚贯穿流的南海分支(或称南海贯穿流);不断完善了中国近海陆架环流系统,在南海环流、黑潮及其分支、台湾暖流、闽浙沿岸流、黄海冷水团环流、黄海暖流、渤海环流,以及陆架波方面均取得了深刻的认识;从大气桥和海洋桥两个方面对太平洋–印度洋–大西洋洋际相互作用进行了系统的总结;发展了浅海水团的研究方法,基本摸清了中国近海水团的分布和消长特征与机制,在大洋和极地水团分布及运动研究方面也做出了重要贡献;阐明了南海中尺度涡的宏观特征和生成机制,揭示了中尺度涡的三维结构,定量评估了其全球物质与能量输运能力;基本摸清了中国近海海洋锋的空间分布和季节变化特征,提出了地形、正压不稳定和斜压不稳定等锋面动力学机制;构建了"南海内波潜标观测网",实现了对内波生成–演变–消亡全过程机理的系统认识;发展了湍流的剪切不稳定理论,提出了海流"边缘不稳定"的概念,开发了海洋湍流模式,提出了湍流混合参数化的新方法等;在海洋内部混合机制和能量来源方面取得了新的认识,并阐述了混合对海洋深层环流、营养物质输运等过程的影响;研发了全球浪–潮–流耦合模式,推出一系列海洋与气候模式;发展了可同化主要海洋观测数据的海洋数据同化系统和用于ENSO预报的耦合同化系统;建立了达到国际水准的非地转(水槽/水池)和地转(旋转平台)物理模型实验平台;发展了ENSO预报的误差分析方法,建立了海洋和气候系统年代际变化的理论体系,揭示了中深层海洋对全球气候变化的响应;初步建成了中国近海海洋观测网;持续开展南北极调查研究;建立了台风、风暴潮、巨浪和海啸的业务化预报系统,为中国气象减灾提供保障;突破了国外的海洋技术封锁,研发了万米水深的深水水听器和海洋光学特性系列测量仪器;建立了溢油、危险化学品漂移扩散等预测模型,为伴随海洋资源开发所带来的风险事故的应急处理和预警预报提供科学支撑。文中引用的大量学术成果文献(每位第一作者优选不超过3篇)显示,经过70年的发展,中国物理海洋学研究培养了一支实力雄厚的科研队伍,这是最宝贵的成果。这支队伍必将成为中国物理海洋学研究攀登新高峰的主力军

The World Federation of Democratic Youth and Bruno Bernini's encounter with Mao's China

This paper examines the role played by adult-led youth groups in providing avenues for early encounters between Italian and Chinese Communists in the '50s. In particular, it focuses on the links built up within international organisations linked to the Soviet-sponsored peace movement at a time when direct exchange between the Italian and Chinese Communist parties had yet to start. Relying on a large variety of primary and secondary sources, some of which have never been used before, I provide evidence of how participation in Soviet-led international organisations made early political contacts and interactions possible. The focus is on Bruno Bernini, whose personal experience in China is examined within the context of the World Federation of Democratic Youth's policies and initiatives in the early and mid-'50s

THE EFFECT OF RUNNING -WHEEL ON THE ESTABLISHMENT, EXTINCTION AND REINSTATEMENT OF MORPHINE CONDITIONED PLACE PREFERENCE IN MICE

目的:研究转轮运动对小鼠吗啡条件性位置偏爱(conditioned place preference,CPP)的建立、消退及重建的影响。方法:每次吗啡CPP训练之后,均将动物置于特制的带有转轮的饲养笼内6 h;在CPP测试之后,动物每天在训练箱中自由穿梭,进行CPP消退训练;待CPP消退之后,皮下注射(sc)10 mg.kg-1吗啡点燃。结果:非转轮运动组和转轮运动组的小鼠经过吗啡CPP训练后,在伴药箱的时间较训练前均显著增加(P0.05)。sc吗啡点燃后,非转轮运动组CPP能够重建,而转轮运动组CPP未能重建;结论:转轮运动对吗啡CPP的建立及消退均没有影响,但可以抑制吗啡CPP的重建。Objective： To detect the effects of running - wheel on the establishment, extinction and reinstatement of morphine CPP in mice. Methods： The animals were put into the special cages with running - wheel apparatus 6 h after morphine CPP training. After the post - conditioning test of CPP, the mice were trained for extinction of morphine CPP by allowing the animals to run cross the CPP chambers freely. Subcutaneous injection of morphine（ 10 mg · kg^-1） was used to reinstate the morphine CPP after its extinction. Results：After morphine CPP training, the time spent in the morphine - paired chamber increased significantly in both running - wheel group and non - running - wheel group compared with that in the pre-conditioning test（P 〈0. 001）, but there was no significant difference between the two groups（P 〉 0.05）. In addition, there was no difference between the two groups at extinction training stage （P 〉 0. 05）. However,the extinguished CPP could be reinstated in non- running- wheel group, but not in running- wheel group in priming test. Conclusion.： Running -wheel inhibited the reinstatement of morphine CPP ,whereas had no effects on the establishment and extinction of morphine -induced CPP. KEY WORD