PURIFICATION OF MULTI-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES AND ITS APPLICATIONS AS A SORBENT IN ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

自从性质独特的碳纳米管（CNTs）1991年被发现以来，许多科学家为之做了大量的研究工作。如今，CNTs的宏量合成已经实现，其应用研究显得越来越迫切。CNTs具有多孔的石墨结构，是一种潜在的高性能吸附剂。目前普遍使用的CNTs纯化方法是氧化法，由此法纯化的CNTs表面存有极性基团。当CNTs作为吸附剂使用时，这些基团会引起不可逆吸附。如果用还原法如氢气还原纯化CNTs，则可避免极性基团的生成。吸附剂在气相色谱分离和环境样品痕量有机物的富集等方面得到广泛的应用，发展新型的吸附剂是众多科学家努力的方向。因此，研究CNTs在气相色谱分离和环境样品痕量有机物的富集方面的应用有着重要的现实意义。本论文围...Since their discovery in 1991, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted great attention because of their unique properties. Nowadays, large-scale preparation of CNTs has been realized, the application of CNTs is getting more and more urgent. CNTs could be an excellent adsorbent due to their porous and graphitic structure. However, polar groups on the surface of CNTs, formed during the purification w...学位：工学博士院系专业：海洋与环境学院环境科学研究中心_环境科学学号：B19993400

Theoretical Analysis and Experiment on Flow Allocation Characteristics of Dual Discharging Axial Piston Pump

通过改变缸体结构、柱塞数、端盖油路、配流盘形状等,设计了双排油内外环并联配流结构的轴向柱塞泵,实现了单柱塞泵两路高压供油。针对单环柱塞数减少,腔; 内压力冲击增大,脉动变大等问题,对配流结构进行重新设计。在排油腰形槽和吸油腰形槽过渡区取消卸荷槽,利用加大配错角,在排油完毕未接通吸油时,腔内封; 闭体积增大,未排尽的高压油液压力降低;在吸油腰形槽和排油腰形槽过渡区,排油卸荷槽利用阶梯变化通流面积代替原连续变化的通流面积,削弱了卸荷槽几何形; 状要求。重新设计后的双排油配流结构,以45mL轴向柱塞泵结构为参考,对配流结构进行了理论分析,建立了双排油轴向柱塞泵仿真模型。以单柱塞腔内压力; 冲击、输出流量进行分析研究,得外环压力冲击小,与传统配流结构相比较双排油输出口压力脉动变化率变小,并试制双排油轴向柱塞泵。对试制泵进行压力脉动测; 试、容积效率测试和噪声测试,结果表明,与45mL轴向柱塞泵进行对比,压力脉动降低了约30%,噪声也降低,容积效率不低于0.92。该双排油轴向柱; 塞泵可以代替双联泵,使系统结构简化,能耗降低。When providing two-way independent high-pressure high-flow oil sources,; hydraulic system generally adopts two separate piston pumps or coaxial; ones in series, causing complex structure and high cost. Therefore,; single piston pump was proposed to achieve two-way high-pressure oil; supply. Axial piston pump was designed with dual discharging inter-outer; ring parallel allocation structure by changing cylinder structure,; piston number, cap circuit and valve plate shape. Flow allocation; structure was redesigned due to decreased single ring piston number,; increased pressure shock and fluctuation in the chamber. Relief notch; was cancelled in transition region from oil-discharging to oil-absorbing; waist slots. After that, mismatch angle was increased to enlarge closed; volume in chamber and reduce the pressure of unexhausted high-pressure; oil in the interval between oil extraction and absorption. In transition; region from oil-absorbing to oil-discharging waist slots, stepped flow; area was used to replace original continuous flow area to weaken; geometry requirements of relief notch. The optimized dual discharging; flow allocation structure was conducted with theoretical analysis to; establish dual discharging axial piston pump simulation model based on; 45mL axial piston pump structure. There was small pressure shock in; outer race by analyzing pressure shock and output flow in single piston; chamber. Compared with traditional flow allocation structure, dual; discharging oil output had smaller pressure fluctuation rate. Based on; this, the designed dual discharging axial piston pump was piloted. The; pilot dual discharging oil pump was compared with the original 45mL; pump through pressure fluctuation, volumetric efficiency and noise; tests. Result showed that the former had lower pressure fluctuation; (decreased by 30%) and noise level, while its volumetric efficiency was; not smaller than 92%. In general, the dual discharging axial piston pump; can replace duplex pump to simplify system structure and reduce energy; consumption. This new pump can also be used in closed circuit and; differential cylinder hydraulic systems to make the system simpler and; cost-effective.山西省自然科学基金项目; 国家自然科学基金项

Study of Properties of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) as Gas Chroma tographic Column Packing Material

将甲烷催化裂解法生产的经过纯化的多壁碳纳米管 (PMWCNTs)、活性炭、石墨化碳黑 (CarbopackB)分别填装成气相色谱填充柱 ,比较它们分离烷烃、芳香烃、卤代烃、醇、酮、醚、酯类的性能 .分别在PMWCNTs和CarbopackB上涂渍 5 % (w/w)的Carbowax 2 0M ,填装成气相色谱填充柱后 ,比较它们分离醇、酮、醚、酯、有机酸类的性能 .结果表明 ,PMWCNTs是一种性能优异的气相色谱固定相 .与相同比表面积的CarbopackB石墨化碳黑相比较 ,它有更强的保留能力 ,适合于分析沸点相对较低的化合物 ;具有更均匀的表面 ,表现为极性化合物亦可得到对称的峰形 ;理论塔板数较小 .此外 ,和CarbopackB一样 ,PMWCNTs涂渍 5 % (w/w)Carbowax 2 0M后可用来分离极性化合物 ,甚至是强极性的小分子有机酸The purified MWCNTs (PMWCNTs), prepared by catalytic decomposition of methane, activated carbon and graphitized carbon black (Carbop ack B) were used as gas chromatographic column packing materials. Their characte ristics of separation of aromatic hydrocarbons, alkanes, halogenated hydrocarbon s, ketones, ethers, esters and alcohols were compared. PMWCNTs and Carbopack B m odified with 5%(w/w) Carbowax 20M were also used as gas chromatographic col umn packing materials to separate ketones, ethers, esters, alcohols and organic acids for comparison of their separation properties. The results show that PMWCN Ts are excellent packing materials. Comparing to Carbopack B with the same surfa ce area, PMWCNTs has the following characteristics: having stronger retention ab ility, suitable for the separation of compounds with relatively low boiling poin ts, showing symmetric peaks for polar compounds due to its more homogeneous surf ace, having lower theoretical plate number. Similar to Carbopack B, PMWCNTs modi fied with 5%(w/w) Carbowax 20M can be used to separate polar compounds, even lower organic acids

几种不同生物质的快速热解

在一流化床连续热解装置中(生物质处理能力1 kg/H),对松树、杨树、芒草、和甜高粱等几种典型的生物质进行了快速热解研究。考察了热解温度、停留时间、进料颗粒大小等对生物油产率与组成的影响,获得了这几种生物质的最佳热解工艺条件。研究结果表明,在相同的操作条件下,木质类生物质具有相对较高的生物油产率;而芒草和甜高粱等草本类生物质由于含灰分较多,热解后所得固体产物——生物焦的产率较高,但生物油的产率相对较低,不过其生物油组成中含氧量也相对较低

Function and application of surrogate and internal standard in environmental sample analysis

环境样品分析结果的准确与否关系到环境质量分析的准确度 ,没有可靠的数据质量控制方法 ,数据的可靠性就无从得到保证。国际上近年来广泛应用一种适用于环境样品中有机污染物分析的数据质量控制方法 ,其关键部分是替代物和内标物的使用。分析者能够准确地进行定量 ,并清楚地知道自己的分析数据是否符合要求。本文作者从实际工作出发 ,经过大量的验证 ,确定了计算公式 ,探讨了替代物和内标物的关系、它们的作用和应用。The accuracy of environmental quality analysis depends on the accuracy of analytical data. Lack of quality control method leads to unreliable data. The core part of data quality control in advanced laboratories is the application of surrogate and internal standard. Quality control is especially suitable for trace organic analysis of environmental samples. With quality control samples the analysts can determine the target analytes accurately and make sure the data reliability. The relative equations have been derived and explained in this paper. The relationship between surrogate and internal standard has been discussed. Research examples are given to show the function and application of these quality control samples

Preparation of inorganic coagulants from waste stone powder and its effects of turbidity removal

利用废石粉渣制备无机混凝剂，并研究所得初产品对硅藻土悬浮液和受污湖水样品进行处理的适宜操 作条件以及除浊净水效果。结果表明，利用某些废石粉值制备的混凝剂有较好效果，但制备工艺有待改善。In order to recover coagulation-effective substances from waste stone powder, some inorganic coagulants were prepared from waste stone powder.Then the effects of the prepared coagulants on turbidity removal from polluted lake water and diatomile suspended solution were tested, some parameters, such as dosage and pH, were also studied.The results showed that the coagulants had good effects on turbidity removal.厦门市夕阳红科学基

Progress on development and application of coagulants and flocculent in water and wastewater treatment

分三部分论述了 90年代以来国内外混凝剂和絮凝剂研究的主要进展 :1 )混凝、絮凝的微观机理及其行为的研究成果和实验研究手段 ;2 )混凝剂和絮凝剂的开发 ;3)混凝和絮凝方法在废水处理中的净化效率的提高、条件优化和在线监控等。s:The recent development of coagulants and flocculent was reviewed.Three topics were discussed:(1)Mechanisms of coagulants and flocculent,and the experimental methods of process study;(2)Development of coagulants and flocculent;(3)Researches on improvement of coagulants and flocculent efficiency,process optimization and on line monitoring and controlling as well.厦门市科委夕阳红基金会资

Determination of fungicides in water with solid phase microextraction fiber coated with single-walled carbon nanotubes

利用以单壁碳纳米管为涂层的固相微萃取纤维,通过气相色谱联用方法,研究了不同试验条件对萃取效率的影响,并建立了水中百菌清、三唑酮、稻瘟灵和异菌脲4种杀菌剂的分析方法.结果表明,单壁碳纳米管固相微萃取纤维能在P H为1的条件下正常工作,对上述杀菌剂有很好的萃取能力.该方法灵敏度高,可满足环境水样的农残检测要求.Solid phase microextraction( SPME) fiber coated with single-walled carbon nanotubes( SWCNTs) was prepared.An analytical method based on SPME-GC-ECD method was established for the detection of chlorothalonil,triadimefon,isoprothiolane,iprodione in water and the effects of experimental conditions on extraction efficiency were investigated.The results showed the extraction capacity of SWCNTs fiber for those fungicides was excellent that could be used at p H as low as 1.High sensitivity of the method was able to meet the requirements of enviromental sample tests of fungicides residues.福建省教育厅资助项目(k8012012a

Applied research on SiO_2 deposited by PECVD

研究了PECVD腔内压力、淀积温度和淀积时间等工艺条件对SiO2薄膜的结构、淀积速率和抗腐蚀性等性能的影响。结果表明,利用剥离工艺,并采用AZ5214E光刻胶作为剥离掩模成功制作了约2μm厚的包裹在金属铝柱周围的SiO2隔热掩模。The silicon oxide thin films are deposited on Silicon substrate by PECVD.The influence of the process parameters such as temperature, reactant and time on the quality,deposited rate and etchant-resistant characteristics of the silicon oxide thin films are discussed.The experimental result indicates that 2μm-thick silicon oxide adiabatic films can be prepared successfully by using lift-off technology with AZ5214E photoresist lift-off mask,which is wrapped around the aluminum pillar