49 research outputs found

    薄肉部品の精密加工のための工作物保持状態の機上推定

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    薄肉部品は,高度な比強度を実現する構造として現代の製造業で広く使用されています.しかしながら,別の観点から見ると,これらの部品は構造が複雑で,剛性が低く,高精度な加工が必要になります.機械加工中においては,剛性の低い構造特性のため,実際の工作物保持の実施工程と把持具の選択により,薄肉部品の変形は大きく影響されます.さらに,ほとんどの工作物把持工程は手動操作として実行されるため,プロセスのばらつきが大きくなります.これらの変動する固定プロセスは,長い間加工精度を低下させてきました.この研究の目的は,固定力と工作物の変形を効率的かつ迅速に推定するためのオンマシン推定方法を調査することです.この推定により,工作物保持状態の視覚化が可能になり,薄肉部品の加工精度が向上します.本研究では,工作物把持シミュレーションと局所的に測定されたひずみを組み合わせた工作物把持状態の体系的な推定方法を提案し,その妥当性を評価します.提案されたオンマシン推定方法は,さまざまな工作物保持条件(把持シーケンスと固定力)で評価されます.把持された状態での薄肉工作物の推定固定力と工作物の変形を,実験結果と比較した.実験結果との比較から,提案手法は固定力不足や過度の変形などの不適切な工作物保持状態を検出する可能性があることが明らかになりました.この論文では,複数の基盤技術を用いて機械加工プロセスにおける薄肉部品のワーク保持状態を推定するシステムを構築しました.本編の構成は以下のとおりです.まず,本研究の背景として,最近の生産動向をまととめました.現代の製造業に適用される薄肉部品の役割,薄肉工作物加工の動向,薄肉工作物の重要性について整理します.さらに,工作物を把持した状況における工作物把持状態の推定,測定技術の開発,FEM分析,および測定とシミュレーションの組み合わせに関する関連研究の調査結果を示します.次に,本研究の目的を具体的に達成するために設定された4つのステップについて説明します.(1)オンマシン推定の実現可能性の検証(2)工作物固定力の推定(3)工作物把持シーケンスの影響評価(4)測定点の選択手法の構築 そして,オンマシン推定の枠組みを提案します.プロセス変数の考察に基づいて,状態推定のための最適化プロセス,工作物把持シミュレーションの枠組み,複雑形状工作物に対する把持状態推定の流れ,および測定可能点の評価指標の有効性について検討した結果を示します.この研究は,薄肉部品の工作物把持状態推定のための効果的なシステムを構築するためにこれらの方法を連携させる手法を提案しました.さらに,研究目的を達成するための4つのステップに基づいて,提案を検証するために行った,評価実験について紹介します.評価実験の結果から,提案された工作物把持状態の推定方法は,さまざまな工作物把持状況において,工作物把持状態を推定し視覚化することができることが明らかになりました.最後に,本論文の結論について述べます.Due to the higher structure efficiency and lightweight characteristic, thin-walled parts are widely used in the modern manufacturing industry. However, from another point of view, these parts are complex in structure, have weak stiffness, and high precision demand. During the machining process, because of low rigidity structural characteristics, actual workholding process and fixture selection are heavily affected by the deformation of thin-walled parts. Moreover, most of the fixturing process is executed as manual operations, which generate large process variations. These fluctuated fixturing processes have deteriorated machining accuracy for a long time. The objective of this research is to investigate an on-machine estimation method to achieve an efficient and fast estimation of the fixturing force and workpiece deformation. The estimation enables visualization of workholding states and improves machining accuracies of thin-walled parts. In this research, a systematic estimation method of workholding states which combines fixturing simulation and locally measured strain is proposed and evaluated. The proposed on-machine estimation method is evaluated in different workholding conditions (clamping sequences and fixturing forces). Estimated fixturing force and workpiece deformation for a clamped thin-walled workpiece was compared to the results from the engineering experiments. From the comparison, it becomes clear that the proposed method has the feasibility to detect improper workholding states such as insufficient fixturing force or excessive deformation. In this thesis, several methods are used to build a system to estimate the workholding state of thin-walled parts in the machining process. The main story is described as follows. Firstly, trends of recent production are summarized as a background of this research. Roles of thin-walled parts which apply in the modern manufacturing industry, trends of thin-walled workpiece machining, and the importance of thin-walled workpieces are introduced. Moreover, related researches about workholding state estimation in workholding situations, measurement technology development, FEM analysis, and a combination of measurement and simulation are surveyed. Secondly, to concretely explain the overall objective, the whole research process is illustrated to follow four steps: (1) Feasibility verification of On-machine estimation (2) Fixturing force estimation (3) Effect of clamping sequence (4) Measurement points selection Thirdly, a framework for on-machine estimation is proposed. Based on considerations of process variables, a concept of the iteration optimization process, workholding simulation framework, estimation flow of complex workholding state, and evaluation criterion of measurable points are explained. This research presents these methods to build an effective system of thin-walled parts workholding estimation. Fourthly, several case studies are set to verify our proposal based on the four steps of the objective paragraph. From the results of case studies, the proposed estimation method of workholding state can visualize the fixturing states in various workholding situation. Lastly, the conclusion of the dissertation is described.室蘭工業大学 (Muroran Institute of Technology)博士(工学

    [[alternative]]Goodness-of-fit test of logistic regression model in matched case-control studies

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    碩士[[abstract]]在流行病學研究中,羅吉斯迴歸模型常用來推論風險因子和二元反應變數之間的關係。在稀有疾病常以病例對照研究改善抽樣效率。當主要的干擾變數太多時,配對病例對照設計比病例對照設計更能消除偏差。Breslow & Day(1980)使用條件概似方法消除過多的截距項。羅吉斯迴歸模型能依靠方便的統計軟體簡易且快速執行,然而常有羅吉斯迴歸模型錯置的案例,因此以模型的適合度檢定確認最後模型。我們推廣Cheng & Chen(2004)的想法,在配對病例對照資料下提出分數型態的檢定以檢定羅吉斯迴歸模型。由Arbogast & Lin (2004)的結果可知,我們提出的分數檢定會弱收斂至高斯過程。最後,進行模擬研究以評估檢定統計量的有限樣本性質,並以低出生重量研究做實例分析。[[abstract]]In epidemiology studies, the logistic regression model is used popularly for inferring the relation of risk factors and a binary response variable. For rare diseases, we usually take case-control studies to improve sampling efficiency. When some major confounding variables are difficult to quantity, a matched case-control design can be adopted to eliminate biased comparisons between cases and controls. Breslow & Day (1980) use the conditional likelihood to eliminate the too many intercept terms. Relying on convenient statistical software, the logistic regression models are easily and rapidly implemented. It is, however, often misplace to examine whether a logistic model fit the data well. It should be recognized that before constructing the final model, a goodness-of-fit test of the model is still an important issue. We generalized the idea of Cheng & Chen (2004), and propose a Score type test for the logistic regression model under matched case-control data. The Score test converges weakly to a centered Gaussian process by the result of Arbogast & Lin (2004).We assess the performance of the proposed test through simulation studies in finite sample and illustrate the score test by a low birth weight study.[[tableofcontents]]第一章 緒論 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------01 第二章 羅吉斯迴歸模型的適合度檢定 ------------------------------------------07 第一節 羅吉斯迴歸模型的介紹 -------------------------------------------------07 第二節 迴歸參數的估計 ----------------------------------------------------------09 第三節 迴歸模型的適合度檢定 -------------------------------------------------14 第四節 1:1配對病例對照資料 ---------------------------------------------------23 第三章 模擬研究 ---------------------------------------------------------------------24 第一節 適合度檢定的數值模擬 ---------------------------------------------24 第二節 適合度檢定的實例分析 ---------------------------------------------27 第四章 結論 --------------------------------------------------------------------------31 參考文獻 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------33 附錄:原始資料 ----------------------------------------------------------------------37 表目錄 1. 分數檢定和上界檢定的模擬結果 ----------------------------------------26 2. 低出生重量研究資料的變數名稱與變數值描述 ----------------------30[[note]]學號: 696650042, 學年度: 9

    民族分離運動的比較研究--以俄羅斯聯邦之韃靼共和國與車臣共和國為例

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    本論文以隸屬於俄羅斯聯邦架構中的韃靼共和國和車臣共和國作為分離運動比較研究的兩個案例,進行民族分離運動相關問題的探討,包括民族分離意識興起的原因以及影響分離運動往不同路徑發展的因素。由於俄羅斯屬於前社會主義國家,國家體制曾經歷轉型的過程,因此除了具有一般民族問題的特質外,還必須將多重轉型的特殊性列入考量。 除了原生差異與政經利益考量的工具性訴求外,社會主義國家特有的聯邦制與本土化政策也促使民族意識興起,創造了潛在的民族分離團體。當中央的控制力有了鬆懈的跡象,分離意識便有了發揮的空間,分離運動隨之爆發。 韃靼共和國與車臣共和國分離運動的比較研究證明,作為動員基礎的原生性條件以及工具性訴求僅是影響分離運動發展的次要因素,由於領導人的動員可以決定分離運動發展的方向,因此領導人的策略抉擇才是影響分離運動發展的關鍵因素。而在蘇聯末期政治不穩定的局勢中,由誰來主導分離運動的發展相當程度受到莫斯科、原共和國執政者與民族主義力量三角關係的影響。 韃靼共和國的分離運動由立場溫和的夏米耶夫主導,在不斷的妥協談判後,最終以雙邊條約的方式界定與俄羅斯聯邦的關係,創造了「韃靼模式」,分離運動得到平息。相較之下,車臣共和國的分離運動在杜達耶夫激進的領導風格下一步步朝向完全獨立與脫離俄羅斯聯邦的方向發展。如此極端的立場當然不容於莫斯科。為了維護俄羅斯聯邦領土的完整性,莫斯科最後發動戰爭來解決車臣問題。在整個分離運動的發展過程中,領導者的策略決定了分離運動的發展,可見領導者的路線抉擇才是影響分離運動發展最關鍵的因素。This thesis focuses on national separatism in former socialist countries and takes Tatarstan and Chechnya for a case study. My research seeks to answer several questions, such as where did the separatist group originate from? Why did nationalist movements explode? How to explain different attitudes towards secession? I argue that primordial attachment and instrumental consideration about interests are the important causes shaping separatist groups. In the cases of former socialist countries, however, it is necessary to take the institutional factor into consideration, that is-ethnic federalism and korenizatsiya. All these elements combined to create the potential secessionist groups. Once the coercive controls formerly imposed by the central authority were removed, the previously repressed national groups inevitably reemerged and led the secessionist movement. The comparative analysis of the secessionist movements in Tatarstan and Chechnya proves that primordial and instrumental factors can only explain the emergence of secessionist movements, however they are of little significance when it comes to explaining the divergent paths of the movements. What matters more is the leadership’s strategy. The crucial problem is who will lead the secessionist movements? In the chaotic years leading up to the collapse of the Soviet Union, it was the triangular relations among Moscow, republican leadership and secessionist movement that determined the exact leader of the secessionist movement. In our cases, the moderate Shamiev led Tatarstan’s separatism by negotiation and was able to reach agreement with Moscow on a new Sovereignty Treaty. This pattern later came to be called the “Tatarstan Model”. After that, the secession in Tatarstan quieted down. In sharp contrast, Dudaev pursued a radical strategy and sought Chechnya’s complete independence from the Russian Federation. To defend his integrity of territory, Moscow dispatched Russian troops to quell this separatist republic. Leadership strategy thus determined the outcome of secessionist movements, and the choice of leaders proved crucial in the whole process

    Multinational ompany study of entering emerging markets strategy-A Case Study of D technology indian company

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    競爭激烈的環境中, 跨國企業必須不斷的向外開拓,而近年來新興市場被判定潛力巨大, 著名的金融投資集團高盛公司的金磚四國的分析( 巴西、俄羅斯、印度、中國),得大極大的迴響,自然新興市場對於跨國企業成為重要的目標, 跨國企業進入新興市場模式的探討,成為一個重要的研究課題,而跨國企業在選擇進入方式時,無論對內或外都必須面對不同的資源分配與策略的抉擇,有學者提出的三種主要進入方式為全新進入(Green field)、與當地公司策略聯盟(JV: joint venture)以及併購新興國家之公司(Acquisition),資源也隱含著成本的考量甚至當地合作夥伴的利益衝突等等的處理。另外有學者指出跨國企業進入新興市場的重要因素點,例如R&D研發的費用、市場需求資源、市場的競爭者、相關組織大小、跨國企業的經驗、組織環境、控制因子等,無一不是以系統整體的觀念去探討進入新興市場的模式。   筆者選定跨國企業D公司為代表,其一為跨國企業-D公司已成為印度市場成功的企業之一,成功於印度股票上市的經驗成為典範,更隨著網通產業的需求中進入市場,隨著印度的成長腳步,跨國企業-D公司如何把握這個機會去發展,以及實務上的種種運作,加上克服許多的不確定,包含經濟或是政治亦或是開放度上,其實也是每一個跨國企業進入新興市場一定會面對共通的問題,而重點在於D公司如何發揮自身的資源去結合在地力量,並且決定策略於印度市場,尤其是之前沒有先例的狀況下,要如何走出一個自己的路,都是本文的探討要項。 另一方面,位於金磚四國之ㄧ的印度,擁有相當的軟體人力,許多跨國公司早已設立客服中心或是軟體開發中心進駐印度,不同於低價製造工廠的國家,而形成印度這個新興市場的獨特面,跨國企業-D公司針對印度市場的策略與學者進入理論的對照與比較為本文核心,並將其進入新興市場成功的經驗由訪談中整理與詮

    Production warfarin monoclonal antibody by in vitro immunization

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    體外免疫法(In vitro immunization)是一種快速產生抗體的方式,其優點在於減少傳統免疫法冗長等待的時間。體外免疫法所產生出的抗體為IgM型式,IgM抗體與抗原的親和性不如一般傳統免疫所產生的 IgG抗體效能好,但IgM抗體在免疫系統中與補體系統作用優於其他種類抗體,且具有良好的avidity與抗原作用中和。 本實驗利用體外免疫法,製備抗warfarin小分子的單株抗體A6,並利用phage display library system找出A6抗體的基因序列,推測其蛋白質序列並與體內免疫所產生的 warfarin單株抗體59D4做一比對,發現A6 VH較 59D4長度短少5個胺基酸,而VL的部分 A6序列較 59D4長6個胺基酸。A6單株抗體的VH、VL其CDR region與59D4相比皆具有conserved tyrosine,推測A6單株抗體與 warfarin之間的作用方式為苯環之間的堆疊而形成的π電子共振型式作用且A6單株抗體的結合區域與warfarin之間的coumarin雙環區域有較高的專一性。In vitro immunization is a way that produces antibodies more quickly, compared with that of traditional in vivo immunization. The major type of antibody produced with in vitro immunization is IgM. The affinity of IgM antibody with antigen is not as good as IgG with traditional immune technology. But, IgM have better interaction with complement in immune system, as well as it has high avidity to antigen. We use in vitro immunization in the presence of warfarin, an anti- coagulamt drug, to produce anti-warfain antibody A6. To determine the DNA sequence of VH and VL of A6 by Phage display library system and compare with that of anti-warfarin antibody 59D4 which was produced with in vivo immunization, we find that the VH of A6 have shorter five amino acids to the VH of 59D4. And, the VL of A6 have longer six amino acids to the VL of 59D4. Both the CDR region of A6 and 59D4 have conserved tyrosine. It is possible that the interaction of A6 and warfarin may use the resonance of π electronic interaction between aromatic ring stacking and that the binding site of A6 antibody have high specificity with the coumarin ring of warfarin.中文摘要 I Abstract II 前言 1 (一)研究抗原分子 2 (二)免疫反應 3 (三)單株抗體的形成及應用特性 5 (四)抗體分子的多樣性 6 (五)實驗目的及策略 7 材料與方法 10 壹、實驗材料、試劑及溶液配方 10 貳、實驗方法 13 一.合成抗原 13 1.製備warfarin-glu-BSA抗原 13 2.製備warfarin-glu-OVA抗原 13 二.單元抗體的製備 14 1.骨髓瘤細胞株的培養 14 2.製備胸腺培養液 TCM(thymocyte-conditioned medium) 15 3.體外免疫 (in vitro immunization) 15 4.融合瘤的製備 16 5.融合瘤細胞的單株選殖 18 6.哺乳動物細胞之冷凍與解凍 18 (1).冷凍細胞 18 (2).解凍細胞 19 7.間接酵素連結免疫測定法(Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Indirect ELISA) 19 8. 競爭型酵素連結免疫測定法(Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Competitive ELISA) 20 三.製備單鍊抗體基因 21 9. Agarose DNA electrophoresis 21 10.抗體RNA抽取 22 11.反轉錄反應(Reverse transcription) 23 12.抗體VH、VLPCR放大反應 24 13.抗體VH、VL連結子組裝(Linker assembly)反應 25 14.最終組合作用(final assembly) 26 15.單鍊抗體片段再放大(Reamplification of scFv fragments) 27 16.抗體VH、VL片段定序 28 17.結合作用 28 18.熱轉型勝任細胞製備 29 19.熱休克轉型作用 29 20.質體DNA抽取 30 結果與討論 31 一. 利用螯合劑將 warfarin與BSA、OVA鍵結 31 二. 製造及篩選抗Warfarin單株抗體 32 三. 抗體VH、VL基因比對in vitro immunization與in vivo immunization所產生抗體的差異性。 38 四.製備單鍊抗體scFv基因 43 Reference 46 附圖一.抗體重鍊免疫球蛋白基因重組流程圖 49 附圖二.抗體輕鍊免疫球蛋白基因重組流程圖 50 附表一 51 附表二. 5

    Currency Overlay-TWD Carry Trade

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    國際上過去主要以日幣作為利差交易的標的,但在近年來,台灣的利率太低,以及台幣兌美元的匯率,受到央行的干預,匯率的波動一直維持在一定的範圍,因此台幣與日幣相同,符合利差交易的兩個條件:低利率、匯率波動小。期望利用回溯測試法(Backtesting),觀察過去利用台幣作利差交易的績效表現,並探討其結果。 本研究主要以匯率分離管理(Currency Overlay)中的純超額報酬策略(Pure Alpha Strategy)為主,透過高利率貨幣對台幣作利差交易,期望在外匯部位上追求報酬。利用國際貨幣投資組合,尋找最適組合,以降低匯率風險,建構「台幣利差交易貨幣組合」,期望鎖定住台幣與高利率貨幣間的利差水準,賺取利差收入。 實證結果發現,”台幣利差交易貨幣組合”中美元所佔比重過大,主因為台幣/美元匯率波動幅度小,因此較大比例的美元部位會使得貨幣組合匯率風險降低,但也因此使此結果易受美元波動影響;不含美元的”台幣利差交易貨幣組合”,年報酬率達6.28%,遠高於過去台灣一個月利率的平均2.22%,因此不含美元的貨幣組合可供投資者作為參考依據。The major currency for carry trade is Japanese yen internationally. In recent, the Taiwan dollar is a good choice for carry trade. There are two reasons. The first one is low interest rate environment in Taiwan. The second one is that the Central Bank’s intervention leads Taiwan dollar to US dollar currency exchange rate stable. Observe the performance of Taiwan dollar carry trade in the past by using backtesting, and analyse these results. The study is focus on the “Pure alpha strategy.” Short Taiwan dollar, long high interest rate currency. Expect to earn the interest spread. The major risk of carry trade is foreign exchange rate risk. Therefore, build up an international currency portfolio to diversify the foreign exchange rate risk by finding the optimal weights. The study concludes that the weight of the US dollar is high in the portfolio. Therefore, the performance of the portfolio is highly affected by the Taiwan dollar to US dollar currency exchange rate. The annualized return of the portfolio excluded US dollar is 6.28%. It is much higher than 2.22%, which is the average one-month interest rate of Taiwan dollar. Provide the investors another good investment strategy.致謝 i要 iibstract iii一章 緒論 1一節 研究動機與目的 1二節 研究架構 4二章 匯率分離管理介紹 6一節 匯率分離管理的介紹 6二節 匯率分離管理指標(Currency Overlay Benchmark) 7三節 匯率分離管理的類型 8三章 文獻回顧 11一節 利差交易的產生 11二節 相關文獻探討 12四章 研究方法 20一節 研究構想與模型 20二節 研究範圍與限制 23三節 研究設計 24五章 實證結果與分析 27一節 研究結果 27二節 不同貨幣組合比較 30三節 不同資料期間比較 32四節 匯率資料期間長短比較 37五節 與日幣利差交易比較 38六章 結論與建議 41一節 結論 41二節 未來研究方向與建議 42考文獻 4

    An Economic Analysis of Femtocell-based MVNO Using Evolution Models

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    基於目前台灣蜂巢式行動無線網路的蓬勃發展以及行動上網普及率高的情況,對於日益增加的上網人口與有限的無線頻譜資源條件下,除了要有效的進行無線頻譜資源的分配,更必須最大化無線頻譜的使用效率,其最終目標在於因應無線通訊的快速發展,以迎合各種新通訊技術或產品服務的應用。 有鑑於3.5G(High Speed Packet Access, HSPA)行動網路的服務是以提供高速行動上網為主,而無線頻譜資源的稀少加上基地台收發機的站址不易取得,勢必將是行動網路業者要擴充無線網路容量的困擾。伴隨著行動上網用戶數的成長,無線頻譜資源將逐漸無法滿足用戶所需之服務品質(Quality of Service, QoS)。然而藉由新頻譜的取得,可擴展業者的網路容量,改善通訊品質,本論文基於此背景之下,研究業者在取得新頻譜之前提下,如何利用超微型基地台(Femtocell Base Station)這項電信產品來達到最有效率的頻譜資源使用。本論文目標為建立一個可供行動虛擬網路業者(Mobile Virtual Network Operator, MVNO)模擬分析之模型,此模型可用以模擬超微型基地台(Femtocell-based)的佈建及營運演進,分析其商業營運模式的可行性,以及採用不同網路佈建策略業者間的競爭與市場消長。 本模型假設有數個行動網路業者(Mobile Network Operator, MNO)各自擁有電信基礎設備與長期頻譜執照,以拍賣方式取得新頻譜執照後,將一部分頻譜分配給MVNO之Femtocell使用。模型中用戶的移出使用Sigmoid函數來計算用戶的移出率(Churn Rate, CR),用戶的流入則使用了業者的行銷費用指標、通訊品質指標、漫遊吸收比例做為衡量標準。 經由模擬來得知每季之用戶數、市占率等,來評估分析此項商業投資的可行性,做為業者營運之參考依據。In view of the increasing number of mobile subscribers and the scarcity of radio resources, we have to maximize the spectrum efficiency in order to meet the requirement of the new wireless applications. When deploying the HSPA network, the difficulty in acquiring new site locations and the high capital expenditure become the limiting factors to the expansion of network capacity. As a result, the quality of service will deteriorate with the growing number of subscribers due to insufficient capacity. In order to address this issue, it is promising for the operators to bid for a new frequency band and make efficient use of it by deploying femtocells. In this thesis, we propose a model for the femtocell-based mobile virtual network operator (MVNO) and analyze the market evolution of multiple operators with different network deployment strategies. Our model assumes that the MNOs are facility-based and they assign the new frequency block to the MVNO for deploying the femtocells. We include the marketing index, utility index, attractive index, roaming index in the calculation of the subscribers’ churning behavior. Based on this model, one can obtain the variation of subscribers and the market ratio via simulation results. In the end, operators can analyze this business investment feasibility

    二叔丁基過氧化物促進醛類與二硫化物和胺之交互耦合反應的研究

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    Transition metal catalyzed C-H functionalization emerged as an effective and fascinating area of research for organic chemists. Atom-economic and environment friendly synthetic methodologies are highly desirable in present day chemistry. Therefore, the best substitution of transition metal is organocatalysis for such transformations and appropriate growth has been achieved. However, the direct C-H bond thiolation and amination of aldehydes with disulfides and amines have gained less attention. In this thesis,we have developed a general and efficient approach for the preparation of thioesters and amides in the presence of DTBP as an oxidant under metal-free condition via C-H thiolation or amination under solvent-free reaction conditions. In the first part of this thesis, coupling reaction of aldehydes with disulfides is reported. This system shows good functional group compatibility, giving thioesters in moderate to excellent yields. In the second part of this thesis, coupling reaction of aldehydes with secondary amine is described. To our delight, the present system is not only applied to the synthesis of thioesters but also useful for the preparation of amides.使用過渡金屬活化碳-氫鍵促進交互耦合反應在有機化學上是熱門的課題。近年來化學家在合成方法上關注於原子經濟效應及對環境的友好度。因此發展出利用有機試劑代替金屬催化交互耦合反應,然而直接活化碳-氫鍵進行硫酯化或醯胺化反應較少被報導。 在本論文中,探討在無金屬、無溶劑條件下,利用二叔丁基過氧化物促進醛類進行交互耦合反應合成硫酯與醯胺。第一部分探討醛類與二硫化物進行交互耦合反應。此反應有極佳的官能基容忍性,對於烷基或芳香基二硫化物都有不錯的產率。第二部分探討醛類與二級胺進行交互耦合反應。令人開心的是,此策略不僅可以應用在硫酯的合成也能有效合成醯胺化合物。目錄 摘要 i 英文摘要 ii 目錄 iii 表目錄 v 圖目錄 vi 第一章 前言 1 第一節 硫酯化合物 1 1.1利用硫酯化合物合成酮類化合物 3 1.2利用硫酯化合物合成內酯化合物 5 1.3利用硫酯化合物合成醯胺化合物 5 1.4利用硫酯化合物合成內醯胺化合物 7 1.5硫酯化合物其他合成之應用 7 1.6合成硫酯化合物方法 8 第二節 醯胺化合物 12 2.1合成醯胺化合物的人名反應 13 2.2醯胺化合物的合成方法 14 第二章 二叔丁基過氧化物促進醛類與二硫化物合成硫酯之反應 18 第一節 研究動機 18 第二節 結果與討論 21 第三節 結論 32 第三章 二叔丁基過氧化物促進醛類與胺類合成醯胺之反應 33 第一節 研究動機 33 第二節 結果與討論 35 第三節 結論 38 第四章 儀器設備與藥品溶劑 39 第五章 實驗步驟 41 第一節 二叔丁基過氧化物促進醛類與二硫化物合成硫酯之反應 41 第二節 二叔丁基過氧化物促進醛類與胺類合成醯胺之反應 43 第六章 光譜數據 44 參考文獻 99 NMR光譜 103   表目錄 表一:氧化劑對反應的影響 22 表二:溶劑對反應的影響 23 表三:溫度與時間對反應的影響 23 表四:氧化劑使用量對反應的影響 24 表五:探討不同芳香醛與不同二芳香基二硫醚的交互耦合反應 25 表六:探討不同芳香醛與不同二烷基二硫醚的交互耦合反應 28 表七 : 探討不同芳香醛與不同胺的交互耦合反應 36   圖目錄 圖一:乙醯輔酶A(Acetyl-CoA) 2 圖二:具有生物活性的硫酯化合物 2 圖三:具有醯胺鍵的天然化合物 12 圖四:具有生物活性的醯胺化合物 13 圖五:二叔丁基過氧化物促進醛類與二硫化物交互耦合之反應機制 3
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