Prevalence and risk factors associated with HIV infection among female sex workers in Mengzi City

目的了解云南省蒙自市女性性工作者(FSWs)艾滋病病毒(HIV)的感染情况及HIV感染相关危险因素,为制定艾滋病防控策略和行为干预提供依据。方法于2010年10-11月采用方便抽样的方法,招募云南省红河州蒙自市娱乐场所FSWs,调查其社会人口统计学、行为学、HIV/AIDS知识以及生殖健康状况,并采集静脉血进行HIV血清学检测,分析FSWs人群HIV感染率及其危险因素。结果本次共调查423名FSW,HIV抗体阳性19人,HIV抗体阳性率为4.5%。最近一个月与客人发生性行为时坚持使用安全套的比例为87.0%。多因素分析显示,与HIV感染相关的危险因素为在低档性服务场所服务(校正OR=10.0,95%CI:3.77~26.67,P<0.001)和从事性服务时间≥2年(校正OR=3.8,95%CI:1.39~10.20,P=0.01)。结论蒙自市FSWs有较高的HIV感染率,在低档性服务场所服务及从事性服务时间长是HIV感染的危险因素,需针对低档和中高档FSWs的危险行为特征分别实施不同的干预措施,控制HIV的传播流行。Objective To explore the prevalence and risk factors of HIV infection among female sex workers( FSWs) in Mengzi City,Yunnan Province,so as to provide scientific evidence for formulating HIV prevention and control strategy and behavior intervention measures. Methods From October to November,2010,the convenience sampling method was used to recruit FSWs in the entertainment venues in Mengzi City in Yunnan Province to investigate their demographic information,sexual behavior,HIV / AIDS knowledge and reproductive health status. Venous blood was collected to test HIV. The prevalence and risk factors of HIV infection were analyzed. Results Totally,423 FSWs were recruited,among whom 19 were confirmed to be HIV antibody positive and the prevalence rate of HIV was 4. 5%. The proportion of the FSWs with consistent condom use when having sex with clients in the last month was 87. 0%. Multivariate logistic analysis indicated that the factors associated with HIV infection were working in low level sex work venues( adjusted OR = 10. 0,95% CI: 3. 77-26. 67,P < 0. 001) and time engaged in sexual work for 2 years or more( adjusted OR = 3. 8,95% CI: 1. 39-10. 20,P = 0. 01). Conclusions The prevalence of HIV is high among female sex workers in Mengzi City. FSWs who work in low-grade sex work venues and engage in sexual work for long time are at higher risk of HIV infection. Intervention measures targeted at dangerous behavior of FSWs working in different levels of sex work venues should be carried out to control the spread and prevalence of HIV / AIDS.国家“十一五”重大专项(2008ZX10001-003

土壌－植物系における放射性セシウムの挙動とその変動要因

Radionuclides released from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant of Tokyo Electric Power Company widely spread to the environment and severely damaged Japanese agricultural sector. Radiation exposure likely continues for a long time due mainly to radioactive caesium which has long half-life(^Cs: 2.06 y, ^Cs: 30.2 y). Once deposited to soil, radioacitive caesium first adsorbs on soil surfaces and a fraction of the adsorbed caesium dissolves into soil solution. The dissolved caesium transfers to plants via root uptake and some of it translocate to edible parts of the plants. Only a minuscule fraction of adsorbed caesium dissolves into soil solution because of strong affinity of radioactive caesium ion to soil particles. The strong affinity of caesium with soil minimizes the radioactive contamination of agricultural products, however effective removal of radioactive caesium from soil is difficult. In forest and other semi-natural ecosystems, large fractions of radioactive caesium are present in relatively mobile forms due to active biological recycling. The mobile caesium in forests can transfer into nearby agricultural lands via fluvial processes. It is therefore necessary to account for the dynamics of radioactive caesium at watershed scale. In this article, we review the behavior of radioactive caesium in agricultural ecosystem and other plant-soil systems as well as its controlling factors. In addition, we summarize the potentially-viable techniques for the removal of radionuclides in agricultural lands and discuss the balance between effectiveness and possible(or potential) side-effects of each technique.東京電力福島第一原子力発電所の事故により放出された放射性核種は、広く環境中に拡散し、日本の農業にも大きな打撃を与えた。今後も長期にわたり半減期の長い放射性セシウム (^Cs, 2.06年、^Cs, 30.2年) による影響が懸念される。土壌に沈着した放射性Csはまず土壌に吸着する。そして土壌溶液に再分配されることで植物の根から吸収され可食部まで移行する。一度土壌に吸着した放射性Csが土壌溶液に再分配される割合は非常にわずかである。このことが農作物の汚染を最小限に抑えている一方で、除染を難しいものにする一因ともなっている。森林生態系では放射性Csは比較的動きやすい形態を保存したままで循環しているため、農地への流入を含め、放射性Csのダイナミックな挙動を流域レベルで考慮する必要がある。本総説では、土壌‐植物系あるいは農業生態系における放射性Csの挙動の特徴とその支配要因について解説した。さらに、農地から放射性物質を除去する手法についてとりまとめ、わが国におけるこれらの手法の有効性について議論した

看護ケアに対する透析患者と看護婦の認識の相違

Article長野県透析研究会誌 25(1): 74-77(2002)journal articl

セキガイセン カンサツ カメラ システム オ モチイタ コウガンザイ バクロ カイヒ タイサク ノ ケントウ

People involved in chemotherapy need to offer certain safely standard treatment. On the other hand, we understand the risk of the anticancer agent enough, and it is necessary to protect us ourselves from occupational exposure. It was intended to visualize the polluted situation by an anticancer agent. We made the inspection model to observe the exposure situation of anticancer agent. We set 3 scenes afterwards to observe the exposure situation. The scenes were changing the bottle to another bottle, removing the needle and connecting to the portable continuous infusion pump. Pollution was confirmed to a needle at the time of the substitution, the rubber stopper part of the bottle, an adhesive plaster of a pinprick site. As for us, there was the need to avoid the removing and inserting of the needle that pricked into the anticancer agent bottle to lower the risk of the exposure. Furthermore, we need to perform saline washing of the drip system before removing the needle. So we should replace the anticancer agent route into a saline solution. In addition, the ICG reagent is a clinical medicine used on the site widely and can expect wide application in future