The Geological Roles and Isotopic Responses of the Extremophiles in the Modern Ocean

围绕现代海洋极端环境条件下微生物分布特征和环境因子相互关系的研究在前期工作积累的基础上进行了更深入的分析,通过对北极冰川前沿和西南印度洋深海微生物资源的调查,初步了解了微生物群落结构的多样性及微生物的部分生态功能,为探索地质历史时期的微生物生命过程提供了良好的资源;发现西南印度洋深海微生物群落结构与钙、磷、硫等元素具有相关性,为揭示深海微生物的地球化学循环创造了条件;对深海环境铁还原菌的研究对探讨古海洋环境与生命的协同演化具有重要意义。开展了微生物对模拟环境条件如海洋酸化及火山爆发等地球历史时期的重大地质突变事件为背景,在现代海洋环境中进行了一系列的模拟研究,针对目前研究相对薄弱的环节,重点研究了海洋酸化及火山灰添加对浮游异养细菌的影响,初步揭示了浮游细菌对大气CO_2升高及火山爆发事件的反馈,完善了地质突变期海洋生态系统反馈的认识。另外,在深部生物圈MCG古菌的研究上取得了重要进展。MCG是迄今为止发现分布最为广泛的一类未培养古菌,被认为是海底深部生物圈中最丰富,并且最活跃的类群之一,很可能在全球物质和能量循环过程中发挥了重要的作用。课题组发现MCG古菌在系统发育上处于一个深的分支,代表了一类自然界较古老的古菌,显著不同于目前分类已确定的所有古菌门类,并提议将MCG古菌归类于一个全新的门类,命名为深古菌门(Bathyarchaeota)。这是目前首个由中国学者提议的古菌门的分类,是古菌和生命起源和演化研究的重要进展之一,也将为该领域的科学研究起到积极推动作用。We conducted further investigations on the microbial distribution characteristics and its relation with environmental factors, mainly on Actic ice front area and South-west Indian deep ocean. Our results revealed the dynamic microbial community structures and the ecological functions of some microbial groups, thus provided precious biological materials to explore the geological functions of microorganisms in the Earth history. Meanwhile, the microbial structure in the Southwest Indian deep ocean was found to be related with some elements including Calcium、Phosphorus、and Sulfur, providing data and research basis for further scientific studies on revealing the biogeochemical roles of marine microorganisms. We conducted a series of environmental simulating experiments such as marine acidification and volcanic eruption which represent important geological events in the earth history. We focused on the responses of planktonic heterotrophic bacteria towards marine acidification and supplementing with volcanic ashes, our study supplements current understanding on the responses of marine ecosystem in the geological disrupting events. Moreover, we have made significant progresses on MCG archaea in the deep subsurface biosphere. MCG is one of the most widely distributed cosmopolitan uncultivated archaea, regarded as the most abundant and active archaeal group. MCG is probably playing important roles in the biogeochemical roles on Earth. We found that MCG is placed in a deep branch on the phylogenetic tree, representing an ancient group of archaea, and distinct from all known archaeal Phylum. Therefore, we propose to name MCG as a novel archaeal Phylum as "Bathyarchaeota". Proposing of MCG into a new archaeal phylum would stimulate research interests in this unknown fascinating archaeal group

Predictions of Amount of Sediment and Rate of Sediment in Watershed Using B-P Network

提出了应用 B- P人工神经网络 ,建立流域输沙量和最大输沙率的预测模型。以降雨量、降雨历时、洪峰流量和洪量等因子建立的李子溪流域的输沙量和最大输沙率的 B- P网络预测模型效果表明 :拟合率达 90 %左右 ,预留检验报准率在 75 %以上。Predictable models of amount of sediment and maximal rate of sediment in a watershed are presented using B-P artificial neural network. The predictable results of the B-P network modle developed by using area mean rainfall amount during the time of raifall,flood run off and amount of flood factor etc.It shows that the gualified rates of fitting and predicting accuracy 90% and 75%, respectively.国家自然科学基金项目! (编号 :494710 48

乡村旅游消费行为的年龄分异研究——以长沙市为例

乡村旅游对社会主义新农村建设、构建和谐社会、统筹城乡发展等意义巨大。乡村旅游消费行为在不同年龄群体的分异状况,是一个值得特别关注的问题。通过对以抽样调查所获得的丰富基础数据,按照年龄层次进行分群统计分析,并进行卡方统计量检验,发现乡村旅游在出游方式、交通工具、停留时间、花费水平、出游频次上年龄分异明显;在乡村旅游的信息渠道、出游距离、住宿选择上表现出年龄的同一性。湖南省社科基金重大项目“湖南省旅游业转型与结构优化升级研究”(项目编号:07ZDA05)的阶段研究成果之

Experimental Effects Study of Total Flavonoids of Ajuga on Interleukin-1 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in Mesangial Proliferative Glomerulonephritis Rats

目的:探讨筋骨草总黄酮对系膜增生性肾小球肾炎(MSPgn)大鼠的干预作用机制。方法:采用改良慢性血清病MSPgn大鼠模型,于造模第5W末检测尿蛋白,将尿蛋白阳性者随机分为模型组、雷公藤多甙(TWP)组、不同剂量筋骨草总黄酮(TfA)组,另设正常对照组。于造模第6W起开始给药,6W后,测定各组大鼠的24 H尿蛋白定量、血生化和肾组织病理变化,放射免疫分析法观察TfA对MSPgn模型大鼠血清中白细胞介素-1(Il-1)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(Tnf-α)的影响。结果:TfA可显著降低尿蛋白,明显减小系膜区面积占毛细血管丛面积的百分比、减轻肾脏损害(P0.05)。模型对照组大鼠血清中Il-1(ng.Ml-1)、Tnf-α(ng.Ml-1)的表达明显高于正常对照组(Il-1 0.829±0.251 VS0.238±0.081,P0.05)。结论:筋骨草总黄酮对MSPgn大鼠有较好的治疗作用,降低Il-1和Tnf-α的水平,可能是其治疗作用机制之一。Objective:To investigate the effects of total flavonoids of Ajuga(TFA) in mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis(MsPGN) rats and its mechanism.Methods:MsPGN rat was induced by the improved chronic serum sickness model after five weeks.The rats with positive urinary protein rats were randomly divided into model group,triptergium wilfordii polyglycosidium(TWP) group and TFA group with different dosage,normal rats wasere considered as the control group.MsPGN rats were treated with drugs since the sixth week;six weeks after succussfully modelingeeding six weeks later,all rats were detected 24 h urinary protein,and blood biochemistry,pathomorphological change in renal tissue,serum Interleukin-1(IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) wasere measured by radioimmunoassay.Results:Compared with model group,TFA can significantly reduce the urinary protein,decrease BUN,Scr,TG,Tch,mitigate the morphological damage,and significantly increase TP(P0.05).The serum levels of IL-1 and TNF-α(ng·mL-1) in model control wasere significantly higher than that in normal control group;.With the intervention trherapy of high-dosage TFA,middle-dosage TFA and TWP,the expressions of serum IL-1 and TNF-α wasere significantly decreased compared with model control group(.The expressions of IL-1 and TNF-α in high-dosage TFA,and middle-dosage TFA groups wasere slightly higher than those in TWP group,with no significant differences(P>0.05).Conclusion:Total flavonoids of Ajuga has a therapeutic effect on MsPGN rats;Rreducing the expressions of serum IL-1 and TNF-α,which may be one of the mechanisms of MsPGN treatment.福建省卫生厅中医药科研重点课题资助项目(wzzsb0906); 陈可冀中西医结合发展基金·福建省中西医结合老年性疾病重点实验室开放课题资助项目(CKJ2008088); 福建中医药大学校管课题资助项目(X2009069

Practices on Cultural Construction in Experimental Chemistry Demonstration Center

根据国家级厦门大学化学实验教学示范中心的建设特点,从实验室环境文化、制度文化、管理文化和精神文化多个方面入手建设实验室文化的实践进行总结与分享。This paper summarized our practices on cultural construction in chemistry laboratory including laboratory environment, rules, management and spirit based on the characteristics of our center.国家基础科学人才培养基金(J1210014);; 2016年度教育部“基础学科拔尖学生培养试验计划”研究课题;; 福建省高等学校教学改革研究项目(JAS14634

皱纹盘鲍HdhTPX2基因在毕赤酵母中的表达及抗氧化活性研究

为研究皱纹盘鲍Haliotis discus hannai Ino硫氧还蛋白过氧化物酶（TPX2）蛋白的抗氧化活性,将HdhTPX2基因克隆至pPIC9K载体,通过电击转化至毕赤酵母GS115菌株中,获得重组表达质粒pPIC9K-HdhTPX2,经甲醇诱导及亲和层析纯化得到重组HdhTPX2蛋白,并进行质谱鉴定及体外抗氧化功能检测。结果表明:本研究中成功构建了重组毕赤酵母菌株GS115/pPIC9K-HdhTPX2,经表达条件的优化,在pH为7的培养基中用0.5%甲醇诱导表达72 h,分泌表达上清液中得到相对分子质量约为25 000的稳定表达产物,纯化后的蛋白经质谱鉴定为目的蛋白;体外活性测定发现,该蛋白清除羟自由基（·OH）能力强于维生素C,并对H2O2引起的细胞损伤具有一定的保护作用。研究表明,皱纹盘鲍硫氧还蛋白过氧化物酶HdhTPX2在毕赤酵母表达系统中得到高效表达,重组表达产物具有抗氧化活性功能。福建省自然科学基金资助项目(2017J01041);;\n国家海洋公益性行业科研专项(201405016);;\n福建省海洋生物增养殖与高值化利用重点实验室开放课题(2015fjscq04

如何精准做好化学教学实验室的建设

主要介绍了厦门大学化学国家级实验教学示范中心在实验室细化建设方面的具体做法,如实验室的给排水、供配电、通风等系统工程和实验家具的精准设计和精准施工,以期更好地为国内高校化学教学实验室的细化设计和细化建设提供适应面广、操作性强的可借鉴经验。2016年度教育部“基础学科拔尖学生培养试验计划”研究课题;;2017年福建省本科高校教育教学改革研究项目(FBJG20170295);;2017年度厦门大学教学改革研究项目(JG20170204);;国家基础科学人才培养基金项目(J1310024

Enzyme from engineering strain and application in 1, 3-propanediol coupling-enzymatic catalysis

第一作者简介：彭益强（1973—），男，博士研究生。联系人：方柏 山，教授，博导，从事生物化工研究。E-mail [email protected]。[中文摘要]培养定向进化后的质粒保藏菌E.coli BL21(DE3)pLysS/PET-15b-dhaT’-24并进行质粒抽提,将抽提的质粒转化入感受态宿主细胞E.coli BL21(DE3)pLysS中得产1,3-丙二醇氧化还原酶的工程菌。工程菌经乳糖诱导后进行发酵培养获得酶活为182 U/mL的1,3-丙二醇氧化还原酶,最适反应pH值为10,pH值稳定范围为7.0～9.0,最适反应温度为55℃,温度稳定范围为30～45℃。利用工程菌产的1,3-丙二醇氧化还原酶进行转化3-羟基丙醛为1,3-丙二醇的反应,同时偶联甘油脱氢酶(由另一工程菌制备)转化甘油的反应进行辅酶NADH的再生,实现了1,3-丙二醇的双酶耦合的连续反应。由于来源于工程菌的双酶酶学性质相适应,反应连续进行34 h后,底物3-羟基丙醛的转化率达63.4%,产物1,3-丙二醇的产率达64.6%。 [英文摘要]Engineering strain was acquired by transforming directly evolved plasmid from the incubated conservation bacterium E. coli BL21（DE3）pLysS/PET-15b-dhaT’-24 to the host cell E. coli BL21（DE3）pLysS. The lactose induced engineering strain was fermented to acquire 1,3-propanediol oxidoreductase（PDOR）with 182 U/mL activity. The optimal reaction pH was 10 and the pH stabile range was 7.0—9.0. The optimal reaction temperature was 55 ℃ and stabile temperature range was 30 — 45 ℃ . 3-Hydroxypropionaldehyde （ 3-HPA ） was catalysed by the PDOR to produce 1,3-propanediol（1,3-PD）. The reaction was coupled with another reaction of glycerol dehydrogenase （GDH，acquired from another engineering strain）to realize NADH regeneration. Thus，1,3-PD coupling enzymatic catalysis was constructed. Due to the two enzymes from engineering strains showed suitable characteristics，the reaction was continued for 34 hours and 63.4% translation rate of 3-HPA，64.6% 1,3-PD production rate were acquired.国家863计划子课题(2006AA020103)，国家自然科学基金资助项目(20676048

[[alternative]]The climate change policy of the European Union

碩士[[abstract]]工業革命後，由於人類對自然界資源需求與日劇增並且快速消耗，使得生活環境改變，造成近年來全球暖化加劇；不只造成環境傷害，對於地球上物種存續也有極大影響。19世紀末，國際環境建制形成，各國政府通過「聯合國氣候變化綱要公約」於1994年生效，並在1997年第三次締約國大會中簽署「京都議定書」，規範工業國家未來溫室氣體排放的標準與尺度。隨著京都議定書於2005年正式生效，所有議定書締約國，包含歐盟及其會員國，在法律認證下，同意其規範減少溫室氣體排放的標準。 本文從新自由制度主義的觀點出發，首先探討京都議定書的內容與發展，接著針對歐盟為了實踐議定書所制定的政策與機制逐一介紹，其次以英國與德國為例，探討其因應歐盟所制定的氣候變遷政策，最後將探討殼牌、英國石油以及艾克森美孚公司如何落實永續發展理念，在企業內部制訂出一套完善的環境保護規範體系，並加以實踐。[[abstract]]Human’s demand and consumption on the nature resources have increased since the Industrial Revolution, which has caused severe damages to the Earth and a contraction of biological diversity. In the end of the 19th century, the international environment regime formed. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change was ratified by 194 countries and entered into force in 1994. The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in the third conference of the parties in 1997, which stipulated the greenhouse gas emissions of the industrial countries in the future. Since the Kyoto Protocol entered into force, all the Parties have to comply with it, including the European Union and its member states. This thesis is analyzed with “Neoliberal Institutionalism”. First, it introduces the content and the development of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol. Furthermore, it aims at the European Union’s policy and strategy to deal with the climate change, and takes Britain and Germany as the example. Finally, this thesis wishes to explore how to implement Shell, BP and Exxon Mobil’s sustainable development concepts in the enterprise to develop a comprehensive system of environmental protection norms and to practice.[[tableofcontents]]目次 第一章 緒論……………………………………………………………. 1 第一節 研究動機與目的…………………………………………………………. 1 第二節 研究途徑與方法…………………………………………………………. 5 第三節 論文架構與研究範圍……………………………………………………. 7 第四節 資料來源與研究限制……………………………………………………. 9 第二章 全球氣候變遷下的產物—京都議定書……………………... 15 第一節 京都議定書之緣起與發展……………………………………………... 15 第二節 京都議定書之內容與規範……………………………………………... 28 第三節 京都機制之執行情形…………………………………………………... 29 第四節 聯合國最新氣候變遷協議……………………………………………... 31 第三章 歐盟氣候變遷政策發展與實踐……………………………... 35 第一節 歐盟氣候變遷政策的發展……………………………………………... 35 第二節 歐盟氣候變遷政策的具體內容………………………………………... 37 第三節 歐盟氣候變遷政策的執行成效………………………………………... 40 第四章 歐盟會員國因應氣候變遷之政策…………………………... 57 第一節 英國之氣候變遷政策…………………………………………………... 57 第二節 德國之氣候變遷政策…………………………………………………... 63 第五章 歐盟企業因應氣候變遷之環保實踐………………………... 73 第一節 環保對歐洲企業的影響………………………………………………... 73 第二節 歐盟企業的環保實踐……………………………………………........... 76 第三節 歐盟企業的環保效益…………………………………………………... 80 第六章 歐盟與國際大型石化業對氣候變遷之政策………………... 83 第一節 殼牌 (Royal Dutch/Shell Group)………………………………………. 84 第二節 英國石油 (British Petroleum)………………………………………….. 98 第三節 艾克森美孚 (Exxon Mobil)…………………………………………... 102 第七章 結論…………………………………………………………. 107 參考文獻……………………………………………………………... 113 圖次 圖1-1︰ 減少全球因燃燒能源而排放的二氧化碳之科技………………………... 2 圖1-2︰ 論文架構圖………………………………………………………………. 13 圖4-1︰2008-2020年英國溫室氣體排放預測……………………………………. 62 圖4-2︰2008-2020年英國二氧化碳排放預測……………………………………. 62 圖6-1殼牌的溫室氣體排放量……………………………………………………... 96 表次 表3-1 歐盟「責任分擔協議」減量分配表…………………………………………. 43 表3-2 EU ETS第一階段(2005至2007年)之排放交易目標………………....... 48-49 表4-1英國溫室氣體減量目標……………………………………………………... 58 表6-1歐洲前四大汙染產業的溫室氣體排放量…………………………………... 83 表6-2 廢棄物分級管理政策………………………………………………………. 91 表6-3 殼牌的主要產品量…………………………………………………………. 94[[note]]學號: 696290385, 學年度: 9