几种分子筛转晶和混晶的控制及单一晶体的优化合成

The influence of reaction temperature and reaction time on the crystallization of zeolites MCM-22, ZSM-5, ZSM-35 and mordenite was studied under the moderate ratio of silicon to aluminum using hexamethyleneimide as a template. MCM-22 was found to be an easily formed phase in this synthetic system because it appeared in the early stage of the crystallization process at both higher temperature and lower temperature. Whereas MCM-22 zeolite partially transformed to ZSM-5 and ZSM-35 with prolonging the reaction time at higher temperature, and finally transformed to ZSM-35. With this rule, the co-crystalline zeolite of MCM-22 and ZSM-35 was easily produced. The similar results of ZSM-5 and ZSM-35 mixed crystals could be achieved by varying reaction time at appropriate temperature. Upon analyzing the crystallization area of zeolites MCM-22, ZSM-5, ZSM-35 and mordenite, it is reasonable that the crystal transformations between these zeolites are prone to happen in this synthetic system, because all the zeolites have the same 5-ring sub-units, which bring little resistance to the reconstruction of frameworks, and the stability changing of the channel systems propels the occurrence of alternation of the linking modes of 5-ring units, leading to the formation of other type zeolites

短期增温对紫花针茅草原土壤微生物群落的影响

土壤微生物是生态系统碳循环的重要参与者和调控者。全球变暖可能对土壤微生物群落产生影响,加速陆地生态系统向大气中释放碳,进而引起陆地碳循环对气候变暖的正反馈。然而,目前学术界对土壤微生物群落如何响应气候变暖等问题认识不足,尤其是缺乏低温干旱条件下土壤微生物对增温响应的实验证据。为此,该文依托青藏高原紫花针茅(Stipa purpurea)草原建立的增温实验平台,基于磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)方法测定了2015和2016年生长季表层(0–10 cm)土壤微生物各类群的生物量,在此基础上揭示气候变暖对紫花针茅草原土壤微生物群落结构的影响。结果显示,短期增温处理导致2015和2016年生长季(5–10月)的表层土壤温度均显著提高1.6℃,同时也导致土壤含水量显著下降了3.4%和2.4%(体积分数),但并没有显著改变土壤化学性质及归一化植被指数。增温处理下,两年生长季旺期(8月)的微生物生物量碳(MBC)含量分别为749.0和844.3 mg·kg~(–1),微生物生物量氮(MBN)含量为43.1和102.1 mg·kg~(–1),微生物生物量碳氮比分别为17.9和8.4,但实验期间MBC、MBN和微生物生物量碳氮比与对照没有差异。PLFA分析的结果显示细菌在微生物群落中占主导,而丛枝菌根真菌含量最少,增温处理并没有改变不同类群的微生物生物量以及群落结构。进一步的分析显示,土壤温度和含水量是调控土壤微生物群落变异的主要因子,并且增温导致的微生物生物量碳的变化量分别与土壤温度和含水量的变化量呈显著正相关关系。以上结果表明,由于受水分的限制,短期增温对紫花针茅草原土壤微生物群落没有显著影响

JUNO Sensitivity on Proton Decay p→νˉK+p\to \bar\nu K^+ Searches

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this paper, the potential on searching for proton decay in $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ mode with JUNO is investigated.The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreover, the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits to suppress the sizable background caused by other delayed signals. Based on these advantages, the detection efficiency for the proton decay via $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ is 36.9% with a background level of 0.2 events after 10 years of data taking. The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years exposure is $9.6 \times 10^{33}$ years, competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel

JUNO sensitivity on proton decay p → ν K + searches*

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this study, the potential of searching for proton decay in the $p\to \bar{\nu} K^+$ mode with JUNO is investigated. The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreover, the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits suppression of the sizable background caused by other delayed signals. Based on these advantages, the detection efficiency for the proton decay via $p\to \bar{\nu} K^+$ is 36.9% ± 4.9% with a background level of $0.2\pm 0.05({\rm syst})\pm$$0.2({\rm stat})$ events after 10 years of data collection. The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years of exposure is $9.6 \times 10^{33}$ years, which is competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel and complements the use of different detection technologies