港湾围垦或填海工程环境影响评价存在的问题探讨

1问题的提出近岸海洋中的资源包括海洋生物资源、海洋水产资源、海洋岸线资源以及海洋物理资源。这些资源中的海洋生物资源、水产资源和物理资源多数是可更新(可恢复或称可逆)的资源、而岸线资源中多数为不可恢复或难以恢复的资源。岸线资源中包括旅游岸线(沙滩、海岛、海岸风光、礁石等)、深水码头岸线、滩涂岸线(滩涂养殖等)以及浅海养殖岸线等。这些岸线资源的形

绿色航运和绿色航运规划的研究进展

当前的航运规划多局限于海洋运输,战略性航运规划研究成果极少,技术方法不成熟。在可持续发展的要求下,基于供应链视角开展的绿色航运规划研究受到关注。针对现有研究的不足,通过对文献资料检索和实地调研,总结国内外绿色航运和绿色航运规划的研究进展,包括绿色航运规划的概念及其发展、绿色航运规划的研究与实践现状和绿色航运规划的技术路线和方法等

Study on quantitative methods of self-pollution of mariculture

叙述了国内外养殖自身污染的定量化研究,总结了五类方法的研究现状和结果。其中"养殖区现场测定法"主要叙述贝类养殖中生物性沉积量及其中营养盐的研究结果;"基于现场测定的数学模型法"分析比较了竹内俊郎法、物料平衡法和化学分析法等估算方法;"养殖池中N、P收支的定量化研究"总结了投饵养殖中溶入水体的N、P占投饵N、P总量的比例,其中虾类分别为8%～12.8%和7.2%～40%,鱼类分别为49%～61%和16%～26%。此外还有对"室内模拟试验与测定法"以及"观测对照养殖区内外环境指标的研究"两种方法简单的分析和总结。Reviews of research advance on the quantitative methods of self-pollution of mariculture and summarizes five kinds of methods were made. From study of the spot mensuration method, quantitative results of seashell biologic sediment and nutrients were summarized. From research of the mathematic modeling method, three methods were analyzed, which are ZHU NEI JUN LANG method (Japan), chemical analysis method and material balance method. From summary of the nutrient budget method, proportion of soluble nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) loads accounting for total loads of N and P in feed were summarized: shrimp 8%～12.8% (N) and 7.2%～40% (P) and fish 49%～61% (N) and 16%～26% (P). And the other two methods were generally introduced, which are the indoor simulative experiment and antitheses of environmental index

Multiple Dimensional Decision-making Approach: A New Way of Strategic Decision-making

尽管多准则决策法(MCdM,包括多属性决策和多目标决策)以及一些基于效用理论或数据的决策法已广泛应用于企业和部门决策,但仍存在决策备选方案确定、变量和指标选取、指标评判及其标准化、权重确定、定量和综合评价等难以解决的问题,特别难以应用于非结构化的区域性和综合性战略决策。本文开发了一种新的决策法,多维决策法(MddM)及其分析模型,经过在海岸带主体功能区划中的初步应用和不断修改完善,证明它能克服MCdM等方法存在的固有问题,可应用于非结构化的战略决策;并充分考虑了决策结果对环境维的反馈作用,这是MCdM法等方法始终无法克服的软肋。The Multiple-Criteria Decision-Making(MCDM) approach, including Multiple-Attributes and Multiple-Objectives Decision-Making and methods based on utility-based theories and data-based decision-making approaches, has widely been applied in business and sectoral public decision-making processes.The critical issues are the ways of alternative determinations, selection of attributes and indices, normalization of variables, weight assignment, quantitative and integrated assessment and so forth.A particular difficulty is to apply those existing methods to unstructured regional and integrated strategic decision- making processes.The Multiple- Dimensional Decision- Making( MDDM) approach with its analytical model described in this article, is developed and exemplified in the application of Principal Coastal Functional Zoning.The results show that the MDDM approach could address most of the issues inherent to using MCDM and related approaches and be successfully used in non-structured strategic decision-making processes.With consideration of the negative feedback of final decision to related environmental dimensions, MCDM approach is not quite effective in this regard

海洋空间规划及主体功能区划研究进展

海洋空间规划是解决海域各种人类活动之间以及人类活动与海洋生态环境保护之间矛盾的有效工具,是基于生态系统的多用途海域使用管理手段。文章综述了国内外海洋空间规划及主体功能区划的研究进展,对海洋空间规划及主体功能区划的基本理论、原则、内涵和技术路线进行了总结,并对海洋空间规划边界以及基本单元的划分原则和方法进行了总结。通过总结可知,现有海洋空间规划的基本技术路线有两种:一是基于空间叠置分析的技术路线;二是基于指标体系的技术路线。基于生态系统的海洋空间规划要求其边界必须尊重生态系统边界,然而出于实践管理的需要,通常按照行政管理边界来划分。基本单元可依据基本行政单元(市、县、乡)、自然地理特征(地形)和公里网格等进行划分。2009年海洋公益性行业科研专项“海岸带主体功能区划分技术体系框架研究与应用示范(200905005-06)

Application of information system for marine management

建设海洋管理信息系统是海岸带综合管理获取正确信息,协调海洋开发活动冲突及避免海洋管理漏洞的客观要求。本文通过论述目前已经用于实践的数据库型、办公自动化型、决策支持型等三种类型的海洋管理信息系统,结合福建省海洋资源与环境管理信息系统建设规划,提出我国建设海洋管理信息系统必须重视数据源、信息共享机制及系统的业务化运行等问题。The integrated coastal management (ICM) is the way for the sustainable development of marine and coastal area, which will reduce or eliminate conflicts of the marine resource use and avoid the drawbacks of the coastal sectoral management. The marine management information system (MMIS) was considered as the foundation of ICM for basic data and information to support ICM decision-making. By addressing three types of MMIS and the plan of MMIS in Fujian province, the data resource, information share and running of MMIS professionally should be emphasized in the constructing of MMIS

Review on Environmental Risk Assessment in Decision-making

对环境风险评价的基本概念、发展历程以及主要的技术路线和方法作了总结,介绍了决策环境风险评价的概念和应用,指出当前决策环境风险评价研究中存在的主要问题。The basic concept,development history,approaches and methods of environmental risk assessment were reviewed.The concept and applications of environmental risk assessment in decision-making process using comparative risk assessment were introduced.The problems of environmental risk assessment in decision-making process were discussed

海湾中营养盐、COD和石油烃的迁移转化模式

污染物在海洋中的迁移转化,体现了海洋的净化能力。研究污染物在海洋中的迁移转化机理是海洋环境管理极为重要的内容。目前国内外对污染物在海洋中迁移转化的研究,只限于对某一种污染物的单独研究,没有系统的总结,并且大部分都是定性的描述,缺乏定量计算。现有模型大多比较复杂、计算量较大、无法将其应用于海湾环境容量研究的数值模型计算中。本文针对这一问题,提供了一套能满足海湾环境容量数值模型计算的切实可行的污染物降解模式,并且提出要控制总氮、总磷的理论,应用于厦门湾海洋环境容量研究中。我国近海海洋综合调查与评价(908专项

中国绿色航运的实践研究

为深入了解中国绿色航运的实践情况,赴广州、厦门和上海三个区域开展绿色航运实践的调研工作,总结中国港口和航运规划现状、现代航运业的发展、绿色港口和绿色航运的理念认识与实践进展.认为当前绿色港口虽已被广泛实践,但绿色港口进展总体较缓慢;绿色航运的概念还处于讨论阶段,且未明确区分绿色航运和可持续航运的内涵;没有确切的绿色航运规划实证案例,绿色航运实践多关注管理或策略层次,战略性成果极少;绿色航运物流未被明确定义,还处于讨论阶段,航运物流是现代航运业的发展趋势.厦门大学研究生田野调查基金项目（2016GF023

Determination and Application of Pollutant Transfer and Transformation Model in the Study of Xiamen Bay Environmental Capacity

海洋污染日趋严重,研究污染物在海洋中的迁移转化机理,治理污染保护海洋环境已经迫在眉睫。目前国内外对污染物在海洋中迁移转化的研究,没有系统的总结,大部分都是定性的描述,缺乏定量计算;相关模型大多比较复杂、计算量较大,无法将其应用于海湾环境容量研究的数值模型计算中。本文针对这一问题,提供了一套能满足海湾环境容量数值模型计算的切实可行的污染物降解模式,并且提出要控制总氮、总磷的理论,应用于厦门湾海洋环境容量研究中。Marine pollution problem become more and more serious,so the study of pollutant transfer and transformation mechanism in the ocean as well as pollution control and protection of marine environment becomes a critical issue.Currently,researches at home and abroad mainly focused on separate studies of the transfer and transformation process of certain pollutant in the ocean,whereas there is no systematic summary and most of them are qualitative description without quantitative calculation.Besides,models used by existing researches on pollutant transfer and transformation are mainly complicated,hard to calculate and involves a larger number of environmental factors,and thus not applicable to the numerical model calculation of the environmental capacity of bay areas.This thesis aims to solve this problem by providing a set of pollutant degradation model which meets the numerical model calculation of environmental capacity of bay areas,and applied the model to actual cases.我国近岸典型海域环境质量评价和环境容量研究(908-02-02-03)中的子项目——厦门湾海域环境质量评价和环境容量研究;项目代码:908-02-02-0