Diversity of culturable endophytic fungi of common reed ( Phragmites australis) in coastal wetland

内生真菌在植物生长以及抵御环境胁迫过程中起着非常重要的生态作用.本研究从黄河三角洲滨海湿地1350个芦苇组织切片中分离得到318株内生真菌,通过对rDNA ITS的分型、测序及系统进化分析,研究了该地区芦苇植株根、茎、叶中可培养内生真菌的种类组成及在不同盐度、不同组织中的分布情况.根据序列相似性(以98%为阈值),共获得12个真菌分类操作单元(OTUs).在门级分类水平上,子囊菌门为绝对优势菌群,在各组织和站位中均有分布.芦苇根组织中分离得到的内生真菌OTU数相对较多,叶组织和茎组织中分离到的OTU数相同,且叶中的OTU在根中均存在.潮上区(低盐区)内生真菌OTU数最多,高潮区次之.根中可培养..

Discussion about Some Problems of Environment On-line Monitoring System

相对于传统的环境监测方式,环境在线自动监控作为一种先进技术,在环境应急反应、提高办事效率及管理水平等方面具有突出优势,但在实际应用过程中面临着在企业的推广有难度、监管方式尚需完善以及监测方法不统一等方面的问题。本文针对这些问题从管理模式、运营机制、管理方式以及监测方法等四个方面提出了相应的解决方案,以求通过这些措施的应用,确保环境自动监测系统在未来的环境管理中发挥更加重要的作用。Compared with traditional methods of environmental monitoring,environment on-line monitoring system has outstanding advantages in environmental emergency response,improve efficiency and management level.But there are some problems exist in the process of application,such as the promotion in enterprises,inadequate supervision and non-uniform monitoring methods.This article raised the corresponding measures to resolve these problems from management mode,operation mechanism,management and monitoring method and ensure environment on-line monitoring system will play a more important role in the future

Study on the Release Kinetics of Cr From Marine Dredged Materials With Oxalate Acid

采用恒温振荡实验装置,系统研究了有机酸草酸降解海洋疏浚物中重金属Cr的动力学过程。结果表明,恒温振荡6 H后,浓度为0.05--0.4 MOl/l的草酸可使Cr的释放百分率达到24%--44%。Cr的释放总体上可分为快速反应和慢速反应2个阶段,0--2 H为快反应阶段,解吸速率快,2--6 H后为慢反应阶段。草酸对Cr的释放动力学数据可用双常数方程很好的拟合,说明在草酸的存在下,疏浚物颗粒表面对Cr的释放可能更多表现出能量的不均匀性。温度升高时Cr的解吸量增加,反应速度加快,根据阿累尼乌斯公式估算出的活化能为26.53 kJ/MOl。The kinetic release behavior of heavy metal Cr from marine dredged material with oxalate acid solution is investigated by isotherm shaking device.The results show that the release percentage of Cr from dredged material with 0.05～0.4 mol/L oxalate acid in six hours reaches 24%～44%.The kinetic characteristics of heavy metal Cr is divided into two stage reactions of rapid and low desorption.When using oxalate acid as extracting solution,the data of release kinetics of Cr from dredged material conforms to the double constant equation,it implies that organic acid induced the energy uniformity of the release of Cr from dredged material.The amount of desorption increases and velocity of desorption speeds up with the increase of temperature.The activation energy calculated according to Arrhenius equation should be 26.53 kJ/mol.福建省科技重点资助项目(2004I001

Distribution of PCBs Concentrations in Dredged Materials of Xiamen Western Bay and Ecological Hazard Assessment

对厦门西海域拟疏浚物中的PCBs含量及分布特征进行了调查,结果表明,厦门西海域拟疏浚物中PCBs为0.17 ng/g～30.3 ng/g,其中马銮湾2个站位PCBs的总含量高于《海洋沉积物质量》(GB 18668-2002)一类标准值。生态风险评价结果显示厦门西海域拟疏浚物中多氯联苯的环境毒性相对较低。The concentration and distribution of PCBs in the dredged materials on the western bay of Xiamen were investigated.The results indicated the concentrations of the dredged material samples varied from 0.17 ng/g to 30.3 ng/g.The PCBs concentrations of all sampling sites were lower than the value of Category Ⅰ of Quality Standards for Ocean Sediment(State Standard 18668-2002)except two in the Maluan bay.The ecological risk assessment showed the relative low PCBs level in the Xiamen dredged materials was relative low toxicity to the environment.福建省科技重点基金资助项目(2004I001

Concentrations and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments at western Xiamen Bay and assessment of their ecological risk

2004年11月30日至12月1日连续两天采集厦门西海域10个站位表层沉积物样品,参照美国EPA标准方法及采用气相色谱与质谱联用(GC/MS)技术,对表层沉积物样品中的多环芳烃(PAHs)进行测定分析。结果表明,厦门西海域表层沉积物样品中16种PAHs的总含量为198.2—1061.6 ng.g-1,平均值为723.51 ng.g-1,能检出的PAHs均以2—4环的芳香物为主;10个站位中X1、X2、X3、X6及M2站位的PAHs主要来源于化石燃料的不完全燃烧,其他站位以石油泄漏为主要来源。对PAHs的生态风险评价结果表明,厦门西海域表层沉积物中PAHs的环境毒性相对较低,说明该海域表层沉积物中PAHs对生物的危害程度较轻。Surface sediment samples at 10 sites of the western Xiamen Bay were collected on November 30 and December 1 of 2004.The U.S.EPA analytical methods were employed to examine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs),and the concentrations of PAHs were determined by GC/MS.The results showed that the total concentrations of 16 PAHs varied from 198.2 to 1061.6 ng·g-1 dry weight,with an average of 723.51 ng·g-1.The dominant compositions are low molecular weight PAHs with 2—4 rings.The sources of PAHs in the sediments at X1,X2,X3,X6,and M2 sites were mostly from incomplete combustion of fossil fuel.The main possible sources of PAHs in the sediments at other sites were identified as oil spills.The toxicity of PAHs in the sediments at western Xiamen Bay was relatively low based on the assessment result of their ecological risk.福建省科技重点资助项目(2004I001

疏浚物去污染技术的研究进展

世界各国的沿海和内陆城市的河流湖泊以及海湾均需进行疏浚,而如何安全经济地处理和处置疏浚物已成为迫切需要解决的难题。目前国外对疏浚物处理技术的研究已取得了一定的成果,但大多数处理技术仍停留在实验室和中试阶段。文章综述了目前国外主要的8种疏浚物处理方法,详细地介绍和评述了各方法的原理、特点、处理效率和优缺点,并介绍了这些方法的发展动向和前景,尤其是美国在处理疏浚物方面的研究现状和进展。福建省科技重点项目(2004I001

肌萎缩侧索硬化症SOD1基因突变特点

【目的】 探讨中国南方人群肌萎缩侧索硬化症铜锌超氧化物岐化酶（CulZnsuperoxidedismutase；SOD1）基因突变的特点。【方法】 采用SOD1基因的5对引物对4个家系的15例家族性肌萎缩侧索硬化症（FALS）患者、56例散发性肌萎缩侧索硬化症（SALS）患者和46例正常对照DNA进行PCR扩增，重复三次应用单链构象多态性方法分析各外显子的多态性。【结果】 SOD1基因的5个外显子未发现异常泳动。【结论】 中国南方人群肌萎缩侧索硬化症患者可能不存在SOD1基因第1-5号外显子突变或突变率极低，可能存在其他位点的基因突变

Incorporation of Microbial Functional Traits in Biogeochemistry Models Provides Better Estimations of Benthic Denitrification and Anammox Rates in Coastal Oceans

Marine benthic nitrogen (N) cycling may vary widely across space and seasons; it is thus needed to make high-resolution estimations of these important ecosystem processes with a reasonable number of variables. In this study, we determined the benthic denitrification and anammox potentials in two basins, the Bohai Sea and the North Yellow Sea of China in May and November, and evaluated models in predicting these functions with environmental factors and/or microbial gene-based functional traits. We found that denitrification generally dominated the N loss (54-98%), and that the denitrification rate varied greatly between basins and seasons. The anammox rate was generally higher in the Bohai Sea than in the North Yellow Sea in both seasons, and it made a greater contribution in November (22%) than in May (16%). Among the measured environmental factors, chlorophyll a in bottom waters and sedimentary organic carbon content were the most influential for predicting denitrification and anammox rates, respectively. On the other hand, the alpha diversities and gene abundances of involved bacteria were poorly correlated with the function potentials, indicating that these functional traits could not well explain the functions alone. Upon the incorporation of two gene copy number ratios [nosZ/(nirS+nirK) and nirK/bacterial 16S rRNA genes] into the environmental factor-parameterized models, however, we found that the predictive powers of the regression models for total N loss, denitrification and anammox rates, and contributions of anammox increased substantially, indicating that taking microbial functional traits into account could make estimations of these N-cycling functions in coastal ecosystems more accurate