Economy Level of the Chinese Translated Text: Towards a Quantitative Descriptive Model

如何衡量译文的语言表达水平，这个问题是否需要理论化？是否能够理论化？本文要探究的，就是这两个紧密相关的、在翻译研究界尚未得到系统和深入回答的问题。这里把译文的语言表达水平，即译者译语能力在译文中的具体体现，称之为“译语效能”。译语效能的研究基本都是在悬置译文—原文关系的情况下进行的，它包括连贯性、美感和经济性三个维度，可以通过相应的三个变量，即连贯性水平、美感水平和经济性水平，来描写。这些工作难以一蹴而就，因此本文将在建立译语效能基本框架的基础上，把研究重心放在其中的经济性维度及与其相应的经济性水平变量上，构建语篇经济性和译文语篇经济性的理论框架，并以此为根据，提出汉语译文语篇经济性水平的量化...Whether it is necessary and possible to develop a theory on the evaluation of the language level of a target text remains a question to be further and more systematically answered in Translation Studies. This dissertation is an endeavour to provide a positive and more theoretical answer to the question. To achieve this goal, a new concept, Target-language Performance, is introduced to refer to the...学位：文学博士院系专业：外文学院_英语语言文学学号：1202010015398

新疆欧夜鹰繁殖生态初报

欧夜鹰(Caprimulgus europaeus)属夜行性鸟类。广泛分布于新疆荒漠地区,如乌鲁木齐、阿勒泰、克拉玛依、昌吉州、吐鲁番、哈密、阿克苏、库尔勒、喀什等地区(Ma,2001)。因其繁殖行为

“美感三角模型”初探

本文结合神经生理学、心理学、计算语言学、物理学和美学等学科的知识,以文学语篇中的可能世界为基础,提出了“美感三角模型“假说。该模型建立在共鸣、势能和张力等三个物理概念的基础上,试图从物理原理的角度探求审美活动的本质。这三个因素相互牵制、相互协调、相互促进,形成一个动态三角结构,成为美感产生的基础。该模型最大的优点是能够解释不同层次和不同个体美感之间的差异,有较大的普适性。文章还对“美感三角模型“的原理和解释力进行了例释

Seamus Heaney's Identity Predicament and His Corresponding Strategy

本文从爱尔兰—英国诗人希尼所处的社会、历史和文化语境入手,考察他的整体创作,以客观事实和具体的文本论证:希尼应对其两难身份的策略并非一以贯之,而是在不断调整和发展。希尼在早期创作中毫不犹豫地选择了爱尔兰的立场和身份。随着时间的推移,他对爱尔兰的沦丧文化具有危机意识,但在“拥有了双重国籍后“,他依然没有轻易弃离爱尔兰身份。希尼最终寻求到完美的“平衡“策略,承认了自己的英国—爱尔兰二元身份。这种“求和“的策略是他反思文学、社会与历史之间的关系的产物,也与当今时代的发展潮流相适应。Referring to the social,historical and cultural context of Seamus Heaney's time,this article explores his works and argues that he adopts an inconsistent strategy in the choice of his controversial identity.He is adjusting and developing the strategy all the time.In his early works,he did not hesitate in choosing and displaying his Irish identity.With the passing of time,he senses the degradation crisis of Irish culture.However,with his dual nationality,he does not readily renounce the Irish identity,which,in some sense,indicates he acknowledges both his Irish identity and English identity.Heaney's balanced strategy is the product of his reflection on the relations among literature,society and history

1984 Vol. 33 No. 3

https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/lawpublications_gavel1980s/1009/thumbnail.jp

水下亚波长广角声单向传输结构设计与优化

利用传递矩阵法,基于流固超晶格的单元传递矩阵,计算并分析了无限周期流固超晶格的能带结构以及有限周期级联超晶格的透射谱。在此基础上,耦合一维周期性矩形声栅与级联超晶格,构造了水下亚波长广角声单向传输结构,揭示了其广角声单向传输机制。有限元仿真结果表明,该结构能够实现约20°广角入射声波的单向传输效应,同时还具有宽频带、高整流比等特性。通过优化声栅单元的方位角,有效地提高了结构的正向导通率。本文结果突破了基于声子晶体的声单向传输设计中面临的"波长-尺寸"限制,有助于水下声整流器件朝着小型化和集成化方向发展。国家自然科学基金青年项目(11604128)水声技术重点实验室装备预研基

LSNCCP:A Clustering Algorithm Based on the Largest Set of Not-Covered Core Points

聚类在数据挖掘、模式识别等许多领域有着重要的应用 提出了一种新颖的聚类算法 :一种基于最大不相含核心点集的聚类算法LSNCCP(aclusteringalgorithmbasedonthelargestsetofnot coveredcorepoints) 在密度定义的基础上 ,考察核心点之间的距离关系 ,定义相含、相交、相离这 3种核心点之间的关系 ,最后找出一个最大不相含核心点集 ,在此基础上进行聚类 ,并且找到解决丢失点问题的快速方法 该最大不相含核心点集只是全部核心点集合的一个很小的子集 ,因此有效地缩减了同类算法中搜寻核心点的时间 理论和实验上证明了这种算法的可行性和优越性Clustering is an important application area for many fields including data mining, pattern recognition, etc. In this paper, a novel clustering algorithm LSNCCP(a clustering algorithm based on the largest set of not-covered core points) is proposed. On the basis of the definition of density, the distance between the core points is discussed. And then, the three essential distance relation: covered core points, intersectant core points, and separate core points. Finally, the largest set of not-covered core points is found and based on the set the data can cluster very well. Because the largest set of not-covered core points is a lesser subset of the all core points, the new algorithm cuts short the time of searching all core points in the similar algorithms. The feasibility and the advantage or the new algorithm are proved in theory and experiment.福建省自然科学基金项目 (A0 3 10 0 0 8) ;; 福建省高新技术研究开放计划重点项目 (2 0 0 3H0 43

Design and analysis on a Gires-Tournois resonator based interleaver

A flat-top interleaver,in which a mirror on one arm of the Michelson interferomefer is replaced by a G-T resonator,is proposed.In the interleaver,the parameters including the channel spacing of 50 GHz,ripple less than 0.05 dB,-0.5 dB passband of 43 GHz(86% of the spacing),-30 dB stopband of 42 GHz(84% of the spacing),and a channel isolation higher than 40 dB,are achieved

An ecological study on zooplankton in the northern Beibu Gulf V: the effects of microzooplankton grazing on phytoplankton in summer

2011年8月份于北部湾北部海域5个观测站位获得的分层水样,分析了表层叶绿素A含量和表层微型浮游动物丰度以及类群组成;同时于现场采用稀释培养法研究了该海域浮游植物生长率(μ)和微型浮游动物的摄食率(g)。分析和测定结果表明:调查海区的微型浮游动物丰度400—1167个/l,类群组成以无壳纤毛虫为主;浮游植物的生长率为-1.50—1.13 d-1,微型浮游动物摄食率为0.33—1.08 d-1;推算微型浮游动物对浮游植物现存量以及初级生产力的摄食压力分别为28.1%—66.0%和-7.4%—438.4%。相对于中国其他海区,8月份北部湾北部海域微型浮游动物摄食速率处于中等水平。调查期间,广西沿海高生产力海区,浮游植物生长率大于微型浮游动物动物的摄食率,浮游植物生物量处于积累期;涠洲岛以南海域,浮游植物生产力较低,微型浮游动物摄食作用是控制浮游植物生长的重要因素。In August 2011,we quantified the impact of microzooplankton grazing on phytoplankton production in the surface waters of the northern Beibu Gulf,Vietnam.Shipboard dilution incubation experiments were carried out at five stations to calculate phytoplankton specific growth rates and the specific rates of grazing losses to microzooplankton.Dilution experiments using chlorophyll a( Chl a) as a tracer were used to estimate daily rates in two size fractions; image-analyzed microscopy provided quantitative estimates of microzooplankton standing stock( including ciliate and vertebrate larvae).PFW( particle-free water) was used to dilute seawater to five target dilutions of 0%,20%,40%,60%,and 80%.Microzooplankton grazing and phytoplankton growth rates were estimated by the linear regression of AGR( apparent growth rate) versus dilution factor.We estimated the grazing impact of microzooplankton on phytoplankton by calculating the percentage of phytoplankton standing stock and potential primary production ingested.Average total chlorophyll a concentration was( 0.67 ± 0.58) μg / L.Small-celled phytoplankton dominated this particular community.A notable characteristic of the phytoplankton community structure was that nano- and picoplankton made up a significant portion.Aloricate ciliates dominated the microzooplankton samples,in particular Strombidium,which accounted for 27.2% of total aloricate ciliate abundance.In addition,loricate ciliates and copepod nauplii were recorded.Microzooplankton densityvaried from 400 to 1167 ind / L.The horizontal distribution of microzooplankton was greater in nearshore than in offshore waters.Abundance did not differ significantly with chlorophyll a concentration in this study; however,there was a positive correlation between microzooplankton abundance and temperature.The phytoplankton growth rate( < 200 μm) ranged between-1.50 and 1.13 d-1,with the highest values being associated with nearshore waters.Meanwhile phytoplankton mortality due to microzooplankton grazing( 0.33—1.08 d-1) was highest at the same nearshore sites; however,growth rates were low at these sites.Consequently,microzooplankton consumed 28.1%—66.0% of chlorophyll a standing stocks and-8.1%—438.4% of the primary production per day.However,the grazing rate of microzooplankton on nanoplankton( 2— 20 μm) varied from 1.87 to 0.52 d-1,with an average of( 0.94±0.57) d-1.Given that the rates of grazing on phytoplankton of <200 μm were lower than those on nanoplankton,we conclude that microzooplankton prefer to graze on nanoplankton.There was a positive correlation between phytoplankton growth rate and grazing rate; in addition,significant differences between grazing rate and chlorophyll a were found.This suggests that microzooplankton grazing activity is the main factor regulating the community structure and restraining the growth of phytoplankton.During the investigation period, microzooplankton grazing effectively controlled the growth of phytoplankton,consuming 176.2% of primary production on average.When grazing rates are far greater than phytoplankton growth rates,energy is transferred from lower to higher trophic levels more effectively.In the surface waters of the northern Beibu Gulf,microzooplankton largely control the growth of phytoplankton by grazing offshore rather than in nearshore waters where primary production is high.The growth and grazing rates combined promote planktonic ecosystem stability in this area.These results indicate that grazing by microzooplankton is a key process controlling the growth of phytoplankton in this area.海湾公益项目(201005012

基于Bayes时空模型分析HIV/AIDS晚发现的时空分布特征及其影响因素

目的旨在分析兰州市HIV/AIDS晚发现的时空聚集性特征及相关影响因素，明确兰州市HIV/AIDS晚发现高风险地区和时间趋势，为兰州市因地制宜地制定HIV/AIDS防治策略措施提供参考依据。方法选择兰州市2011-2018年间新报告的成年HIV/AIDS病例作为研究对象，研究中所需的数据资料来自兰州市疾病预防控制中心和兰州市统计年鉴。采用Bayes时空模型分析HIV/AIDS晚发现相对风险（RR）的时空分布特征及其影响因素。结果2011-2018年间兰州市新报告的HIV/AIDS病例共计1 984例，其中HIV/AIDS晚发现者有982例（49.5%），平均年龄为39.67岁，男性占90.9%。老年人和女性HIV/AIDS病例中晚发现的比例更高；城关区（51.1%）、安宁区（50.3%）和榆中县（51.9%）具有高于平均水平的HIV/AIDS晚发现比例；2011-2018年间兰州市总体的晚发现比例呈波动上升趋势。Bayes时空模型分析结果显示，兰州市HIV/AIDS晚发现风险在2011-2015年间波动变化，而在2015年后迅速上升，其RR（95%CI）从1.01（0.84，1.23）上升到1.11（0.77，1.97）；红古区和三个县的晚发现风险变化趋势与兰州市的总体变化趋势相似，而城关区和七里河区的晚发现风险呈下降趋势；晚发现相对风险大于1的区县包括：永登县（RR=1.07，95%CI：0.55，1.96）、西固区（RR=1.04，95%CI：0.67，1.49）、城关区（RR=2.41，95%CI：0.85，6.16）和七里河区（RR=2.03，95%CI：1.10，3.27）。冷热点分析结果显示城关区和七里河区为热点区。影响因素分析结果显示，随着人均GDP（RR=0.65，95%CI：0.35，0.90）和HIV/AIDS病例中的男性比例（RR=0.53，95%CI：0.19，0.92）的增高，HIV/AIDS晚发现的相对风险越低；而人口密度（RR=1.35，95%CI：1.01，1.81）越大，晚发现风险越高。结论兰州市的HIV/AIDS晚发现风险呈上升趋势，并且存在明显的地区差异特征；人均GDP、HIV/AIDS中男性比例和人口密度是HIV/AIDS晚发现的影响因素。因此，对于晚发现风险高和存在相关风险因素的区县，应重视并制定有针对性的HIV筛查和防治服务，降低HIV/AIDS晚发现比例和风险