Tumour Micro-environment induced chemotherapy resistance of Gastric Cancer Cells

摘要 【背景和目的】化疗是临床治疗胃癌的重要手段，但在临床上胃癌常对化疗表现出耐药，甚至多重耐药（Multidrugresistance，MDR）。研究发现，很多化疗药物在体外试验中对胃癌细胞有较好的杀伤效果，而在临床治疗中，其对胃癌的治疗效果却不理想。肿瘤微环境是胃癌的化疗效果在体内和体外产生差异的重要原因；已证实肿瘤微环境中的IL-6、IL-8、氧分压等因素对胃癌耐药有一定影响，但肿瘤微环境整体对胃癌耐药的影响及内在机制仍不清楚。为此，本实验在体外模拟肿瘤微环境，来研究肿瘤微环境对胃癌化疗耐药的影响及其内在机制。 【方法】本实验利用普通培养基（PlainMedium，PM）作为体外培养...Abstract In clinical, chemotherapy plays an important role in the comprehensive treatment of gastric cancer. Many chemotherapy drugs hold enormous promise for cancer treatment in vitro, however, complete clinical response were rare,suggesting that mechanisms existed to render a substantial proportion of tumour cell resistance to treatment. The tumour micro-environment was an important cause of dr...学位：理学硕士院系专业：医学院_微生物学学号：2452011115342

TT病毒与肝炎关系的临床流行病学研究

目的　对闽南地区各种肝炎患者、健康体检者、义务献血员和肝癌患者共480例从临床流行病学角度探讨TT病毒(TTV)的致病性及其与各种肝炎的关系。方法　采用巢式PCR检测血清TTVDNA、ELISA检测血清抗HAVIgM、HBsAg、抗HBcIgM、抗HCVIgG、抗HEVIgG,用EPIINFO60软件进行统计分析。结果　480名研究对象中TTVDNA的总检出率为23.96%。各种肝炎患者的TTV总阳性率为2394%,肝癌患者的TTV阳性率为2069%,而健康者的TTV阳性率为2484%,义务献血员的阳性率为3000%,均未见明显差别。从临床类型看,急性肝炎、慢性肝炎和重症肝炎的TTV阳性率都在25%左右;从病原类型看,非甲～戊型肝炎的TTV阳性率为2619%,并未见与相应健康者的2523%阳性率的差别;除HCV由于感染率太低而无法分析外,HAV、HBV、HEV阳性肝炎患者间TTV的阳性率分别为2000%、2314%、2179%,未见TTV与这些已知肝炎病毒的明显相关。对一个时期内的全部135例住院肝炎患者及153名健康者进行肝炎病原分析,HAV、HBV、HEV在肝炎患者中的阳性率都要明显高于健康人(P=00142),而TTV在肝炎患者中的阳性率与健康人没有明显差别(P=06021);对病毒的单独致病性进行分析,HAV、HBV、HEV在非重叠感染的肝炎患者中的阳性率都要明显高于健康人(P=00037),而TTV在非甲～戊型肝炎患者中的

Mechanism and kinetics of cellobiose hydrogenation catalyzed by Ru/CNT

联系人及第一作者: 谭雪松( 1985- ),男, 硕士, 助理研究员。[中文文摘]引言化石资源的日益枯竭,使得人们对从可再生生物质资源合成化学品和燃料的研究给予了广泛关注[1-2]。木质纤维素是地球上分布最广、产量最多的生物质资源之一。纤维素由葡萄糖通过β-1,4糖苷键连接而成,其分子的刚性结构和高度结晶性使其成为最难转化的多糖[3]。目前通过高温气化或热解转化纤维素为合成气等燃料的工艺过程已经建立[4]。但在温和条件下通过平台分子继而生成油品或化学品的过程还有待开发。山梨醇是纤维素转化中有价值的平台分子之一,可以在较温和条件下通过水汽重整和费托合成等方法合成烷烃燃油和化学品[5-6]。因而,对纤维素催化加氢制备山梨醇的研究将有助于纤维素的有效利用。Fukuoka等[7]报道了在水相体系下,铂/氧化铝催化剂催化纤维素加氢制备山梨醇的反应,在190℃反应24h,山梨醇的收率为25%。Liu等[8]利用高温水形成的独特酸性质,以钌/活性炭为催化剂,245℃反应得到山梨醇,收率为30%。Deng等[9]利用碳纳米管优异的氢吸脱附与溢流性质,以Ru/CNT为催化剂,在185℃反应24h,山梨醇收率达到36%。虽然在催化纤维素加氢制山梨醇的研究方面已取得一定成果,但山梨醇收率不高(<40%),高效催化体系 依旧缺乏, 开展相关基础研究仍十分必要。纤维二 糖是纤维素的次级结构单元, 由两个葡萄糖通过 β-1,4糖苷键连接而成。由于纤维二糖结构与纤维 素类似, 且易于溶解, 故可用于研究纤维素转化的 模型分子[ 10-11] 。 本研究考察了以Ru/ CNT 为催化剂, 水相条 件下催化纤维二糖加氢制备山梨醇的反应。推导了 纤维二糖转化反应机理, 建立了纤维二糖催化加氢 反应的动力学模型, 可为纤维素的催化加氢研究提 供指导。[英文文摘]The production of chemicals or fuels from renewable biomass resources especially cellulose has attracted much attention because of the worldwide demand for less dependence on fossil resources.However,the direct utilization of cellulose is still a challenge because of its robust crystalline structure.Herein,the hydrogenation of cellobiose,a typical cellulose,over carbon nanotube supported ruthenium catalyst (Ru/CNT) was reported.The mechanism of cellobiose conversion was proposed and the kinetic equation was obtained. Based on the kinetic experiments carried out in the range 120- 185℃ under 5. 0 MPa H2 , the reaction rate constants and activation energies of each reaction step in cellobiose hydrogenation were obtained with MATLAB, in which the activation energy for hydroly sis and hydrogenolysis of cellobio se was est imated as 147.1 kJ·mol- 1 and 71.2 kJ·mol- 1, respectively. The obtained kinetic model and some general rules on the catalyt ic hydrog enation of cellobio se may provide impo rtant data for eff icient ut ilization of cellulose.国家自然科学基金项目(20625310, 20773099,20873110

Clinical characteristics of Haemophilus influenzae and Branhamaceae catarrhaliinfections and analysis of drug susceptibility

目的分析厦门地区流感嗜血菌和卡他布兰汉菌的临床特征及其耐药性,为临床治疗提供依据。方法对2008年1月-2012年12月分离580株流感嗜血菌和185株卡他布兰汉菌进行分析,细菌鉴定采用VITEk-2COMPACT全自动分析系统,药敏检测采用ATbTM HAEMO药敏条,β-内酰胺酶检测采用CEfInASE纸片,数据采用WHOnET 5.6软件进行分析。结果流感嗜血菌与卡他布兰汉菌主要来自儿科住院患儿,以≤4岁儿童为主,流感嗜血菌和卡他布兰汉菌的高发季节分别为春季和冬季;流感嗜血菌产β-内酰胺酶率为47.1%、流感嗜血菌对氨苄西林耐药率高达52.1%,对头孢克洛、磺胺甲噁唑/甲氧苄啶、四环素耐药率≥15.0%;流感嗜血菌的产β-内酰胺酶菌株和非产β-内酰胺酶菌株均对环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星、头孢噻肟、阿莫西林/克拉维酸的敏感率≥80.0%;卡他布兰汉菌产β-内酰胺酶率为52.9%,对氨苄西林耐药率为10.8%,其对阿莫西林/克拉维酸、氯霉素、头孢呋辛、头孢噻肟、利福平、头孢克洛、左氧氟沙星、四环素、磺胺甲噁唑/甲氧苄啶的耐药率均≤5.0%。结论流感嗜血菌和卡他布兰汉菌主要来自儿科患儿,检出率受季节变化影响;其对氨苄西林的耐药率较高;流感嗜血菌有较高的β-内酰胺酶检出率,但对临床常用药物阿莫西林/克拉维酸、四环素的敏感性较高。OBJECTIVE To observe the clinical characteristics of Haemophilus influenzae and Branhamaceae catarrhali infections in Xiamen area and analyze the drug resistance so as to provide guidance for clinical treatment.METHODS Totally 580 strains of H.influenzae and 185 strains of B.catarrhali that were isolated from Jan 2008 to Dec 2012 were analyzed,then the bacterial identification was performed by using VITEK-2Compact automatic analyzer,the drug susceptibility testing was performed with the use of ATBTM HAEMO reagent,theβ-lactamase was detected by using Cefinase disk,and the data were statistically analyzed by means of WHONET 5.6software.RESULTS The H.influenzae and B.catarrhali strains were mainly isolated from the hospitalized children in pediatrics department,and the children aged no more than 4years were the major population;H.influenzae and B.catarrhali strains were prevalent in spring and winter.The isolation rate of theβ-lactamase-producing H.influenzae was 47.1%,the drug resistance rate of the H.influenzae to ampicillin was 52.1%,and the drug resistance rates to cefaclor,trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole,and tetracycline were 15.0% or above;the drug susceptibility rates of both theβ-lactamase-producing H.influenzae strains and the non-β-lactamase-producing H.influenzae strains to ciprofloxacin,levofloxacin,cefotaxime,and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid were no less than80.0%.The isolation rate of theβ-lactamase-producing B.catarrhali strains was 52.9%,the drug resistance rate to ampicillin was 10.8%,and the drug resistance rates to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid,chloramphenicol,cefuroxime,cefotaxime,rifampin,cefaclor,levofloxacin,tetracycline,and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were no more than 5.0%.CONCLUSIONThe H.influenzae and B.catarrhali strains are mainly isolated from the children in pediatrics department,of which the isolation rate are influenced by the season;the drug resistance rates of the strains to ampicillin are high.The isolation rate of theβ-lactamase-producing H.influenzae strains is high,but the strains are highly susceptible to the commonly used antibiotics such as amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and tetracycline.国家自然科学基金资助项目(81000762); 福建省自然科学基金资助项目(2010D018); 福建省卫生厅青年基金资助项目(2010-2-90

高速列车通风设计方法的研究

由于高速列车车厢高度密闭的特性，高速列车的通风设计必须满足旅客的安全性和舒适性。而传统的依赖自由射流的经验公式确定车厢内温度场和速度场的方法因无法考虑送排风气流和室内障碍物的影响，通风设计很大程度上依赖于模型实验。该研究将送排风气流与车厢型状及座椅作为一体来考虑、通过数值模拟车厢内温度场和速度场来保证满足舒适空调要求的同时，还可方便地确定出送风速度和送风温差。该方法不仅适用于高速列车的通风设计，还能适用于一般载人列车及飞机客舱的通风设计

ICP-MS Simultaneous Determination of Inorganic Elements in Loquat Leaves

枇杷叶试样于聚四氟烯消解罐中加入硝酸及过氧化氢置于微波炉中加热消解,对所得试样溶液中的14种无机元素用电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定。在测定钙、锰、镁、磷及铁的试验中,测得其线性范围在0~200μg.L-1之间,用标准加入法对所测定的14种无机元素作了回收试验,所得回收率在90%~110%之间。按规定要求测定14种无机元素的检出限,测得结果在0.002~0.4μg.L-1之间。Sample of loquat leaves was digested with HNO3 and H2O2 in PTFE vessel heated in microwave oven.Fourteen inorganic elements in the sample solution were determined by ICP-MS.As shown by the data of determination of Ca,Mn,Mg,P and Fe,ranges of linearity were obtained in the range of 0-200 μg·L-1.Tests for recovery were carried out by standard addition method and values of recovery for the 14 elements determined were in the range of 90%-110%.Detection limits for these elements were in the range from 0.002 to 0.4 μg·L-1

Property of Organic Electrolyte in V_2O_5/C Electrochemical Capacitor

以偏钒酸铵为反应原料,采用液相沉淀法制备出不定型V2O5电极材料.以V2O5为正极,石墨为负极,分别选用1.0 mol/L LiClO4/EC+DMC、1.0 mol/L LiPF6/EC+DEC+DMC、1.6 mol/L Et4NBF4/AN 3种有机电解液组成不对称电化学电容器,恒流充放电、循环伏安和交流阻抗等测试该模拟电容器,如以1.0 mol/LLiClO4/EC+DMC作电解液则具有良好的循环性能和较小的阻抗,且在500 mA/g电流密度下比能量达到8.4Wh/kg,充放电效率达98%.In this work,the V2O5 cathode and graphite anode were assembled into non-symmetric electrochemical capacitors using 1.0 mol/L LiClO4 /(EC + DMC),1.0 mol/L LiPF6 /(EC + DEC + DMC),and 1.6mol/L Et4NBF4/AN as electrolyte,respectively.Charging and discharging tests,Cyclic Voltammetry and AC impedance methods were used to investigate the performance of the non-symmetric electrochemical capacitors.The results showed that the electrolyte 1.0 mol/L LiClO4/(EC+DMC)displayed better cycling performance and less resistance.At the current density of 500 mA/g,its specific energy reached 8.4 Wh/kg and the charge-discharge efficiency was 98%.作者联系地址：天津大学化工学院,天津大学化工学院,迈科科技有限公司,迈科科技有限公司 天津300072,天津300072,广东东莞523800,广东东莞523800Author's Address: 1.School of Chemical Engineering and Technology,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;2.McNair Technology Co.,Ltd.,Dongguan 523800,Guangdong,Chin

洋河大曲中螺甾醇健康功能因子研究

白酒是我国最重要的传统发酵食品之一,在世界范围内享有很高的声誉。曲药被称为酒之骨,决定了白酒的风格和品质,对白酒酿造起着举足轻重的作用。目前,主要采用顶空-固相微萃取与气质联用的方法研究大曲中低沸点香味物质,对大曲中高沸点难挥发成分研究鲜有报道。本研究以洋河酒厂提供的大曲为材料,利用95%vol乙醇进行提取,结合正相硅胶、反相硅胶、Sephadex LH-20等多种色谱技术,从大曲中分离得到6个螺甾醇类化合物,应用核磁共振、质谱等波谱技术分别将其鉴定为sarsasapogenin(1)、7α-hydroxysarsasapogenin(2)、yamogenin(3)、diosgenin(4)、neotigogenin(5)和tigogenin(6)。本研究首次从洋河大曲中发现了具有广泛生理活性的螺甾醇类小分子,为揭示中国白酒的健康功能因子奠定了基础

洋河大曲产核苷功能菌的研究

利用涂布法、划线法等技术手段,从洋河成品大曲中分离得到1株代谢产生核苷类健康功能因子的丝状真菌。利用形态观察和分子生物学相结合的技术手段,将核苷代谢功能菌鉴定为横梗霉。高效液相分析表明,该菌可代谢产生具有重要生理活性的次级代谢产物——腺苷和尿苷。该研究为核苷健康功能菌在中国白酒酿造中的应用奠定了基础