农田恢复措施对黑土母质发育的新成土壤团聚体微形态及孔隙结构的影响

土壤结构是土壤肥力的物质基础,水土流失等导致土壤结构退化成为威胁我国粮食安全的重要因素。本文利用8年田间定位试验,通过土壤切片技术,研究不同农田恢复措施(耕作和有机物料投入)对黑土母质发育的新成土壤团聚体微形态的影响,对理解成土过程和肥力快速恢复具有重要意义。结果表明:免耕土壤(自然、人工植被恢复) 、不施肥耕作土壤和仅施化肥耕作土壤均为复合孔洞状微结构,主要孔隙形状均为面状或孔洞状,连通性及数量相当,土壤垒结和微结构类似;但土壤颗粒分布频度和均匀度及粗细粒质接触紧密度与耕作负相关,免耕土壤显著地高于耕作土壤(P < 0.05) 。施肥耕作土壤中,施有机物料的土壤为海绵状微结构,施高量有机物料的土壤微结构发育最好,施低量有机物料的土壤微结构次之,不施有机物料土壤微结构最差;其土壤垒结和微结构发育特征与有机物料的投入正相关

JUNO Sensitivity on Proton Decay p→νˉK+p\to \bar\nu K^+ Searches

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this paper, the potential on searching for proton decay in $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ mode with JUNO is investigated.The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreover, the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits to suppress the sizable background caused by other delayed signals. Based on these advantages, the detection efficiency for the proton decay via $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ is 36.9% with a background level of 0.2 events after 10 years of data taking. The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years exposure is $9.6 \times 10^{33}$ years, competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel

JUNO sensitivity on proton decay p → ν K + searches*

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this study, the potential of searching for proton decay in the $p\to \bar{\nu} K^+$ mode with JUNO is investigated. The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreover, the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits suppression of the sizable background caused by other delayed signals. Based on these advantages, the detection efficiency for the proton decay via $p\to \bar{\nu} K^+$ is 36.9% ± 4.9% with a background level of $0.2\pm 0.05({\rm syst})\pm$$0.2({\rm stat})$ events after 10 years of data collection. The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years of exposure is $9.6 \times 10^{33}$ years, which is competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel and complements the use of different detection technologies