Comparative anatomy on leaves of Fissistigma (Annonaceae) from China

采用叶片表皮离析法、扫描电镜和石蜡制片法,研究了中国分布的番荔枝科瓜馥木属19种植物叶片的形态结构。结果表明:瓜馥木属叶片形态和结构具有较多的相; 似性,如叶片表皮均具有2-多个细胞的单列丝状毛,表皮细胞内具有一个晶簇,气孔器均为平列型,只分布在叶片的远轴面,远轴面的表皮细胞平周壁形成一个乳; 突,叶片主脉的维管组织除具有正常的维管组织外,还具有一个小的副维管束等,这些特征有助于区分番荔枝科植物的属间关系,支持瓜馥木属是一个很自然的类群; 。但叶片表皮毛的形态及分布,表皮细胞的形状、叶肉中栅栏组织和海绵组织的结构、远轴面的乳突大小以及叶主脉维管组织的细微结构则具有种间差异。尤其有助; 于区分小萼瓜馥木和黑风藤、广西瓜馥木和独山瓜馥木、上思瓜馥木和东方瓜馥木等形态相似、难以区分的植物种类。该研究结果为该属的系统研究和种间正确区分; 提供了重要资料。Leaf morphology and structures of nineteen species of Fissistigma from; China were studied using epidermal maceration,scanning electron; microscope and paraffin section method. The results showed that the; anatomical feathers of Fissistigma revealed a remarkable consistency.; The leaf surface of Fissistigma were covered with bicellulate or; multicellulate uniseriate trichomes. The epidermal cells contained one; clustered crystal. The stomatal apparatus were paracytic with two to; four subsidiary cells and only distributed on abaxial epidermis. The; outer percilinal walls of abaxial epidermal cells were papllate. In the; leaf midrib,there was one additional vascular strand except for normal; vascular tissues. Therefore, these anatomical feathers should be; contributed to differentiate the relationship among genera and support; that Fissistigma is a natural group in Annonaceae. However,the form and; distribution of trichomes,the shape of epidermal cells,the structures of; mesophyll tissues,the sizes of papllate cells and the precise vascular; structures in midrib vary obviously with species. Also,these anatomical; differences between species may be used to distinguish some perplexing; species such as F. minuticalyx and F. polyanthum,F. kwangsiense and F.; cavaleriei,F. tungfangense and F. shangtzeense.国家自然科学基

中国罗汉松属叶角质层微形态结构及其分类意义

利用扫描电镜对罗汉松属8种2变种植物叶角质层内外表面进行了细致观察。发现罗汉松属植物叶角质层结构具有许多相似特征,表皮细胞较为规则,长方形或多边形,边缘波状弯曲;气孔器排列成带状,长轴均与叶脉一致,气孔器具较为明显的气孔塞和伏罗林环,气孔器保卫细胞极延伸明显,通常具有2～4个副卫细胞、不具极副卫细胞。但罗汉松属叶角质层结构也具有明显的种间差异,镰叶罗汉松和洛杉矶罗汉松同其它种类差异最大,这两种植物叶两面均具气孔器,角质层内表面垂周壁直,角质层凸缘不明显;贺氏罗汉松最为显著的特征是近轴面和远轴面表皮细胞的垂周壁角质层厚且凸缘均极其发达;小叶罗汉松近轴面表皮细胞排列较为规则,多数为方形,长轴与叶脉垂直,垂周壁之间的角质层突起较为显著,延伸到皮下层;兰屿罗汉松近轴面表皮细胞排列较不规则,多边形,细胞的角端比较钝,没有棱角;大理罗汉松气孔带间隔较小,有时两条气孔带挤在一起,使副卫细胞紧连,近轴面表皮细胞较短,方形或长方形,垂周壁之间的角质层较不发达;海南罗汉松角质层气孔带间隔较宽,气孔器形状为阔椭圆形,近轴面表皮细胞均为细长方形;变种短叶罗汉松和狭叶罗汉松与罗汉松也具有明显差异,短叶罗汉松近轴面表皮细胞排列不规则,垂周壁深波状弯曲,凸缘极为明显,但原种罗汉松近轴面表皮细胞排列较为规则,垂周壁浅波状弯曲,凸缘不明显,而狭叶罗汉松近轴面表皮细胞方形或长方形,比罗汉松的表皮细胞短,垂周壁直或略弯曲,角质层极厚。这些角质层微形态特征差异可以作为罗汉松属内种类分类鉴定的依据。江苏省高校自然科学基础研究项目(06KJD180201)~

THE RESPONSE OF LAND PLANTS ON ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE

陆地植物起源以后，地球上的环境发生了巨大的变化。大气CO2浓度自泥盆纪早期的2000-4OOOμml•mol_1下降至石炭一二叠纪的300μml•mol_1左右，02浓度在泥盆纪至石炭一二叠纪时期，由20-30μml•mol_1上升到70-80μml•mol_1，随后又下降到目前的水平。陆地植物登陆后，形态结构也发生了显著的改变，气生部分表而分化出了通气结构--气孔器和保护结构--角质层。泥盆纪首选标志植物刺镰蕨（Drelpanophycus spinaefrmis）在整个泥盆纪，广布全世界。刺镰蕨的气孔器类型一直存在两种观点，一种认为刺镰蕨的气孔器是平列型，即气孔器山两个保卫细胞和两个副卫细胞组成：另一观点认为刺镰蕨的气孔器为不规则型，即气孔器仅有两个保卫细胞构成，不具副卫细胞。我们借助于扫描电镜、石蜡制片技术和叶表皮离析法，细致地研究了现代石松（Lycopodium japonicum）叶的横切而、表皮及气孔器的内外表面结构，并同刺镰蕨的表皮和气孔器进行了对比。认为刺镰蕨的气孔器和所有的化石石松类及现代石松类的气孔器一样，均属于不规则型。从而解决了关于刺镰蕨气孔器类型的长期争论的关键性科学问题。 胡桃科青钱柳属植物起源于晚白垩世的环北太平洋沿岸，化石植物最早发现于北美古新世和早始新世的Motana,，Wyoming，North Dakota，north Colorado地区，欧亚地区仅出现在渐新世至上新世的Kazakhstan、Germany、Romnania、Russia、Japan、中国云南远谋和四川米易地区。我们将采于吉林省珲春组始新世的叶化石鉴定为一青钱柳相似种，该化石成为东亚地区出现最早的青钱柳属植物，这一发现也支持晚白垩至早第三纪时期环北太平洋两岸曾经相连的观点，青钱柳属在晚白垩由北美起源，在始新世经东亚向欧亚大陆扩散，由于环境变迁，第四纪以后，青钱柳属仪剩一种植物分布于中国的亚热带地区。文中还利用共存分析方法估测出始新世吉林省珲春地区属于暖温带至亚热带气候。 统万城遗址位于我国黄土高原向毛乌素沙漠过渡地带的北缘，属于暖温带森林草原向温带干草原、温带荒漠草原过渡的地区，同时又是东部季风区向西北干旱区过渡的生态环境敏感带。今天统万城地区的自然景观属于沙漠，仅存稀疏的次生灌丛和草本群落。但是，通过对统万城城墙内的孢粉和木材进行的综合研究表明，在约1600年前，当地为温带草原，在塬面或山丘上分布有侧柏林，沟谷、河岸边生长喜温湿的乔木，河流、湖泊、沼泽中水生植物繁盛，在丘间低洼处或盐碱土上分布有灌木和草本植物。当时该地区的年均温为7.8 ℃-9.3℃，最热月平均温度23.0℃-24.9℃，最冷月平均温度-12℃-5.6℃，年较差28.5℃-3 8.2℃，年降雨量403.4-550．Omm，最大月降雨量83.8-123.9mm，最少月降雨量4.4-12.2mm，当时气候比现在温暖湿润，年均温比现在高出0.2-0.7℃，年降雨量也高出60--lOOmm。而如此的历史景观今天已经向南迁移，侧柏林或森林草原退缩至延安以南地区。在此近1600年的时间里，毛乌素沙漠分布范围不断扩大，其南部边缘推进了约200 km，推测沙漠扩展的速率达到平均125m/a

Miliusa bannaensis, a new species of the A nnonaceae from China

描述了番荔枝科一新种———版纳野独活MiliusabannaensisX .L .Hou ,并绘了形态图。本种以其较大 (长 2cm ,直径达 2 .5cm)的花近于大果野独活M .macrocarpaHook.f.&Thoms.,但以其较短 (长 1 0mm)的花梗、较小 (直径 8- 9mm)的小果和卵状长圆形或倒卵状长圆形的叶易于区别。本种也以其较大(长 1 4 - 2 2 (- 2 6)cm ,宽 6 .5 - 1 0cm)的叶相似于绒毛野独活M .velutina (Dunal.)Hook .f.&Thoms.,但以其较短的长仅 1 0mm的花梗和叶无毛而不同Miliusa bannaensis X. L. Hou, a new species of the Annonaceae from Xis huangbanna, Yunnan Province, China, is described and illustrated. It is related to M. macrocarpa Hook. f. & Thoms. by its larger flowers 2 cm long and 2.5 cm in diam., but differs in its shorter pedicels 10 mm long, smaller fruitlets 8-9 mm in diam. and ovate_oblong or obovate_oblong leaves. It is also simila r to M. velutina (Dunal.) Hook. f. & Thoms. by its larger leaves 14-22 (-26) cm long and 6.5-10 cm wide, but differs in its short pedicels 10 mm long and glabrous leaves

中空纤维致密膜基吸收CO_2传质机理分析

研究了硅橡胶/聚砜中空纤维致密膜基吸收CO2的传质机理,考察了吸收剂种类（NaOH、MEA、DEA、TEA）、NaOH浓度、吸收剂流速、吸收剂压力和气相压力对CO2传质系数的影响,并采用数学模型对实验结果进行了分析。其中,用2×10^3mol·m·3NaOH溶液作吸收剂时,聚合物膜传质为控制步骤,总传质系数与CO2在膜中的传质系数相近,且实验过程中无漏液、鼓泡等现象发生

中空纤维致密膜基吸收CO_2传质机理分析

研究了硅橡胶/聚砜中空纤维致密膜基吸收CO2的传质机理,考察了吸收剂种类（NaOH、MEA、DEA、TEA）、NaOH浓度、吸收剂流速、吸收剂压力和气相压力对CO2传质系数的影响,并采用数学模型对实验结果进行了分析。其中,用2×10^3mol·m·3NaOH溶液作吸收剂时,聚合物膜传质为控制步骤,总传质系数与CO2在膜中的传质系数相近,且实验过程中无漏液、鼓泡等现象发生

JUNO Sensitivity on Proton Decay p→νˉK+p\to \bar\nu K^+ Searches

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this paper, the potential on searching for proton decay in $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ mode with JUNO is investigated.The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreover, the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits to suppress the sizable background caused by other delayed signals. Based on these advantages, the detection efficiency for the proton decay via $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ is 36.9% with a background level of 0.2 events after 10 years of data taking. The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years exposure is $9.6 \times 10^{33}$ years, competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel

JUNO sensitivity on proton decay p → ν K + searches*

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this study, the potential of searching for proton decay in the $p\to \bar{\nu} K^+$ mode with JUNO is investigated. The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreover, the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits suppression of the sizable background caused by other delayed signals. Based on these advantages, the detection efficiency for the proton decay via $p\to \bar{\nu} K^+$ is 36.9% ± 4.9% with a background level of $0.2\pm 0.05({\rm syst})\pm$$0.2({\rm stat})$ events after 10 years of data collection. The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years of exposure is $9.6 \times 10^{33}$ years, which is competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel and complements the use of different detection technologies