從人口變遷談原住民體育政策

[[abstract]]原住民在體育運動方面的表現，向來一直有著極為傲人的成就，但原住民運動的推展與原住民運動員的生涯規劃，卻普遍為人所忽視。從相關文獻分析顯示，原住民在運動上確實有其獨特天賦，值得政府投入大量經費與人力加以發展。為因應未來少子化及高齡化原住民所可能面臨之問題，本文係針對原住民人口變遷、優秀運動員與原住民及原住民參與運動的現況與困境趨勢等三項議題加以探討，並提出多項建議，以供政府研擬相關體育政策與具體配套措施之參考，以期達成日後原住民發展體育運動之願景與目標。[[notice]]補正完畢[[journaltype]]國

Room Temperature Synthesis of Thorn-Like Pd Nanoparticles and Their Enhanced Electrocatalytic Property for Ethanol Oxidation

Corresponding authors. Email: [email protected],[email protected], Tel:+86-592-2180181.[中文文摘]室温下以氯化胆碱为稳定剂,用化学还原法合成了刺状Pd纳米粒子(Pdtnh0o0r0n).透射电子显微镜和电化学循环伏安研究结果表明Pdtnh0o0r0n具有较高密度的台阶位,与商业Pd黑催化剂相比较,Pdtnh0o0r0n对乙醇氧化的电催化活性显著提高,氧化电流密度是商业Pd黑催化剂的1.2倍(-0.40--0.30V)-1.5倍(-0.65--0.40V),起始氧化电位和峰电位均负移50mV.相同电流密度下,Pdtnh0o0r0n催化剂对乙醇的氧化电位均更低.[英文文摘]Thorn-like Pd nanoparticles (Pdtnh0o0r0n ) were synthesized at room temperature by a reduction of PdCl2 with L-ascorbic acid and with choline chloride as a stabilizer. Characterization of Pdtnh0o0r0n by transmission electron microscopy and cyclic voltammetry indicated that the synthesized Pd tnh0o0r0n has a relatively high density of surface step sites. By comparison with the commercially available Pd black catalyst, Pdtnh0o0r0n exhibits better catalytic activity towards ethanol oxidation. The oxidation current density on Pdthorn n000 was 1.2 times (-0.40 - -0.30 V) - 1.5 times (-0.65 - -0.40 V) as that on Pd black, and the onset potential and the peak potential of ethanol oxidation both shifted 50 mV in the negative direction. The oxidation potential of ethanol on Pdthorn n000 is lower at the same current density.国家自然科学基金(20833005,20873116,60936003); 超分子结构和材料国家重点实验室(SKLSSM200910)资助项

1例马凡综合征患者原纤维蛋白1基因突变分析

目的探讨1例马凡综合征患者原纤维蛋白1（FBN1）基因突变情况。方法收集1例临床确诊马凡综合征患者的临床资料,提取基因组DNA,进行目标区域捕获测序确定突变基因的位点;对候选的突变位点采用Sanger测序进行验证,同时在家系中进一步验证;分析FBN1基因突变对蛋白结构的影响。结果目标区域捕获测序结果显示先证者携带FBN1基因c.20232026delTTTG突变,该突变导致FBN1基因生成缩短并变异的RNA以及蛋白。家系验证显示患者父母不具有该突变,判断该突变为新生突变（denovo突变）。结果该例马凡综合征患者出现FBN1基因c.20232026delTTTG突变,可能是引起马凡综合征的致病原因。福建省卫生计生青年科研课题(2017-2-108);;\n厦门市科技局科技惠民项目(3502Z20174009

The Relationship between Maternal Negative Perfectionism and Their Daughters' Mental Distress: A Multiple Mediation Model

完完美主义是一种设置和力求极高的、不现实的标准，且常伴有对自己有批判性评价的一种特质，是一个多维结构，具有积极的成分，同时也有消极的成分，与焦虑、抑郁、强迫、进食障碍等多种心理问题和心理疾病相关。已有研究表明，消极完美主义不仅对个体心理健康有损害，还会通过各种途径影响子代的心理健康水平。考虑到青春期是青少年心理发展的危机时期，而女性的焦虑、抑郁等问题又较之男性更加突出。因此，探讨母亲的消极完美主义对她们青春期女儿的心理困扰的影响有重要的意义。 本研究基于既往的研究，对江苏省某高职院校护理系进行整群抽样，对其中1230对有效问卷进行分析。母亲和女儿的消极完美主义水平分别由母亲和女儿自评，母亲使用心理控制情况由女儿报告，女儿心理困扰由女儿自评。采用结构方程模型进行建模，用AMOS软件中的Bootstrap进行中介效应的检验。考察母亲消极完美主义水平与女儿心理困扰之间的关系，以及母亲使用心理控制及女儿消极完美主义水平在其中的中介作用。 研究主要结果表明:母亲消极完美主义与女儿心理困扰显著正相关，母亲心理控制与女儿心理困扰水平显著正相关，母亲消极完美主义和母亲使用心理控制之间存在显著正相关。女儿本人的消极完美主义水平与其自身心理困扰水平也呈显著正相关，母亲消极完美主义与女儿消极完美主义显著正相关。母亲使用心理控制与女儿消极完美主义水平呈显著正相关。使用aNtos对模型进行数据拟合分析，拟合指标较好。使用Bootstrap法进行中介效应分析，结果显示平均中介效应为0.04, 95%水平的可信区间为0.030-0.05，母亲心理控制和女儿消极完美主义水平在母亲消极完美主义和女儿心理困扰之间起完全中介作用。 结一论:母亲消极完美主义一方面可以通过代际传递增强女儿的消极完美水平，从而影响女儿的心理困扰:母亲消极完美主义还可能通过提升母亲使用心理控制这一消极教养方式影响女儿的心理困扰。</p

Treatment of surfactant Triton X-100 in wastewater by photo-Fenton process

高級氧化程序 (Advanced oxidation processes, AOPs) 之共同特性為產生具有強氧化力、非選擇性之氫氧自由基 (Hydroxyl radical, ‧OH)，進而有效降解破壞水中各種有機污染物質。本研究以辛基苯酚聚氧乙烯醇 (Triton X-100, TX-100) 界面活性劑為目標污染物，初始濃度固定為50 mg/L，控制不同參數 (H2O2/Fe2+比例、UV光強度等)，利用Fenton法並結合外加光源，建構紫外光/過氧化氫系統 (UV/H2O2)、亞鐵離子/過氧化氫系統 (Fenton) 及紫外光/亞鐵離子/過氧化氫系統 (photo-Fenton)，針對廢水中TX-100及化學需氧量之去除進行探討。 研究結果顯示，以UV/H2O2、Fenton、photo-Fenton三程序處理後，廢水中之TX-100之去除率分別為43%、95%、97%；在COD降解部分，其去除率為4%、44%、50%。Photo-Fenton程序之最適操作條件為：光強度 = 90 W、pH = 3、[H2O2]/[Fe2+]莫耳比 = 4.5 ([H2O2]/[Fe2+] = 1.155/0.257 mM)、[H2O2]/[TX-100] 莫耳比 = 15)。 在相同Fenton試劑比值及劑量下，三程序對TX-100之去除能力依序為photo-Fenton > Fenton > UV/H2O2，photo-Fenton在反應90分鐘即可達97%之去除率，Fenton及UV/ H2O2反應120分鐘後TX-100去除率分別為69%、10%；因此使用photo-Fenton可使用較少之藥劑量而得到較良好之去除效果。All of Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have the same characteristic, which can produce strong oxidation ability, non-specific hydroxyl radical (‧OH) to effectively decompose a variety of organic pollutants in the wastewater. This study investigates the removal and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of octylphenol polyethoxylates (Triton X-100, TX-100) surfactant by Fenton process, or combined UV light at various operating parameters in UV/H2O2, Fe2+/H2O2 and UV/Fe2+/H2O2 systems. Furthermore, the efficiencies of three oxidation processes were compared. The maximum removal rate for Triton X-100 wastewater with UV/H2O2, Fenton and photo-Fenton processes were 43%, 95% and 97% respectively. And COD removal rate were 4%, 44% and 50% respectively. The optimum operating conditions for photo-Fenton process in this study was as follows : UV light intensity = 90 W, pH = 3, [H2O2]/[Fe2+] molar ratio = 4.5 ([H2O2]/[Fe2+] = 1.155/0.257 mM, [H2O2]/[TX-100] molar ratio = 15) Under the same Fenton reagent ratio and dosage, the sequence of three processes was photo-Fenton > Fenton > UV/H2O2. The removal rate with photo-Fenton processes was 97% after 90 min of reaction, Fenton and UV/H2O2 were 69% and 10% respectively after 120 min of reaction. The results showed that the oxidation by UV/Fe2+/H2O2 was the strongest, and even greater than the arithmetic sum of the other two processes.摘要 I Abstract III 目錄 V 圖目錄 VII 表目錄 IX 第一章 前言 1 1.1 研究緣起 1 1.2 研究目的 2 1.3 研究內容 2 第二章 文獻回顧 3 2.1 界面活性劑 3 2.1.1 界面活性劑的簡介與用途 3 2.1.2 界面活性劑的種類 4 2.1.3 界面活性劑的基本特性 7 2.2 環境荷爾蒙 9 2.3 烷基苯酚聚氧乙烯醇類界面活性劑 11 2.4 UV/H2O2程序相關理論 14 2.4.1 過氧化氫基本性質 14 2.4.2 UV/H2O2氧化基本原理 14 2.4.3 UV/H2O2程序影響因子 16 2.4.3.1 pH值之影響 16 2.4.3.2 過氧化氫濃度之影響 17 2.4.3.3 紫外光強度之影響 17 2.5 Fenton及photo-Fenton程序相關理論 18 2.5.1 Fenton及photo-Fenton氧化法基本原理 18 2.5.2 Fenton及photo-Fenton程序之影響因子 22 2.5.2.1 pH值之影響 22 2.5.2.2 鐵鹽加藥量與種類之影響 22 2.5.2.3 H2O2加藥量及添加方式之影響 22 2.5.2.4 H2O2/Fe2+添加比例之影響 23 第三章 材料與方法 25 3.1 實驗設計 25 3.2 實驗流程及操作方法 26 3.2.1 實驗操作方法 27 3.2.2 系統控制參數 28 3.2.2.1 背景實驗 28 3.2.2.2 Fenton實驗 29 3.2.2.3 UV/H2O2實驗 29 3.2.2.4 Photo-Fenton實驗 30 3.3 實驗系統裝置 30 3.4 實驗藥品及配製 32 3.4.1 實驗藥品 32 3.5 實驗設備 33 3.6 實驗分析方法 34 第四章 結果與討論 38 4.1 檢量線建立 38 4.2 背景實驗 38 4.2.1 直接光解 (UV only) 38 4.2.2 過氧化氫直接氧化 (H2O2 only) 41 4.2.3 金屬離子單獨添加 (Fe2+ only) 41 4.3 Fenton 實驗 44 4.3.1 不同亞鐵離子添加量效應 44 4.3.2 不同過氧化氫添加量效應 49 4.4 UV/H2O2實驗 52 4.4.1 初始溶液pH效應 52 4.4.2 UV光強度效應 56 4.5 Photo-Fenton實驗 57 4.6 三系統比較 61 4.6.1 相同試劑比值與劑量 61 4.6.2 最佳操作條件 62 第五章 結論與建議 64 5.1 結論 64 5.2 建議 65 參考文獻 66 附錄 7

Effect of green tea extract on the maintenance of genome stability in yeast

綠茶已知含豐富多酚化合物，並被視為具抗癌與抗致突變性之物質。本篇研究探討綠茶萃出物對紫外線照射所誘發的酵母菌基因不穩定性之影響。將綠茶萃出物添加於培養液中進行酵母菌培養，之後再對酵母菌施予紫外光照射，以觀察其細胞存活率、細胞突變率、細胞週期、活性氧自由基群與修復相關基因之表現。結果顯示，綠茶組在紫外線照射後，其活性氧自由基群含量隨時間而下降;但控制組或EGCG及咖啡因處理組別則呈現上升之趨勢。然而，綠茶添加與否並無影響因紫外線照射所引起之細胞週期停滯現象。在抗氧化相關酵素基因表現的研究上則發現，綠茶可調節硫氧還原蛋白過氧化脢、超氧岐化脢與過氧化氫催化脢之基因表現。且DNA修復蛋白，RAD14和RAD51也在綠茶添加組有較強之基因表現。因此，綠茶添加組別顯現較控制組與其他對照組更高的細胞存活率，且其紫外線誘導基因突變比率，也是所有組別中最低的。綜合上述結論得知，綠茶萃出物可藉由降低活性氧自由基群，與活化氧化還原和DNA修復系統來達到穩定酵母菌基因體之正面效應。而本研究結果也證明，酵母菌可應用於探討生物活性成分之功能。Green tea is renowned for containing rich polyphenols that are considered the anti-carcinogenic and anti-mutagenic agents. In this study, we investigated how green tea extract (GTE) affects yeast genome instability induced by UVB irradiation. Yeast was cultured in mediums with or without GTE. After UVB irradiation, the cells were collected for assays of survival, gene mutation, reactive oxygen species (ROS), cell cycle, and expressions of redox and repair genes. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in cells were declined gradually after UVB exposure in GTE-treated group; nevertheless, an increasing trend was observed in control or EGCG or caffeine-treated group. However, the G1/S phase cell cycle arrest induced by UVB damage was unaffected by the addition of GTE. Furthermore, the gene expressions of antioxidative enzymes, TSA1, SOD1 and CTT1 were modulated by GTE. DNA-repair genes, RAD14 and RAD51, responsible for nucleotide excision repair and homologous recombination repair pathways respectively, were activated with GTE treatment. As a result, the cell survival rates were elevated while the gene mutation rates were decreased with the administration of GTE. In conclusion, we found that GTE had positive effects on the maintenance of genome stability in yeast through effectively lowering ROS levels, and activating redox and DNA repair systems. These results also demonstrate that yeast can be a powerful tool for distinguishing the biological functions of bioactive compounds

The Implementation of Cryptographic Mechanisms for Secure Distributed Enterprise Networks

隨著網際網路的蓬勃發展，在商業環境下分散式系統之使用也日漸增多。 許多企業紛紛提出適當的方案，使得在區域網路或企業內部之資料流通更為便 利。然而，在網路上建置分散式環境並不安全，因此建構一安全機制來防止不 合法之系統資源存取是急迫且重要的。存取控制 (Access control )即為一種用來 保護資源不遭受未經授權之存取方式。而其中一種有別於傳統存取控制的方式 是以職務角色為基礎之存取控制(Role-Based Access Control, RBAC)。在最近商業 環境下，此方式逐漸受到重視與應用。 過去曾經有許多整合存取控制及身份認證之方法被提出。但是，在這些方 法中仍然有其缺點存在。因此我們針對此點設計一適用於分散式網路環境下， 整合存取控制和身份認證之安全機制。我們提出系統雛型並模擬整個驗證過程 。同時，相關問題也將一併討論。Along with the great progress of computer and communication technologies, distributed systems are increasingly being used in commercial environments. Many companies develop highly integrated enterprise networking solutions, which allow users on a LAN or intranet to communicate and share data easily. However, the distribution requires the need for encryption over untrusted networks and remote computers may not be fully trusted. Therefore, developing a mechanism to against unauthorized access is urgent and very important. Access control services are used to protect computing and networking resources from unauthorized access. Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) was proposed as an alternative to traditional access control policies that attracts increasing attention, particularly for commercial applications. In the past, some schemes that integrate access control with the user authentication have been proposed. Unfortunately, there are still disadvantages in these schemes. Therefore, in this thesis, we propose a security architecture and implement it to support role based access control for large-scale and multi-organizational enterprise within a distributed network over a public channel. We design the system prototype and simulate the process of access control mechanism integrated with user authentication. Some related topics are also discussed in this thesis.Acknowledgement Abstract (in Chinese) i Abstract (in English) ii Contentsiii List of Figures v List of Tables vi 1Introduction1 2Reviews of Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)4 2.1 Preliminaries4 2.1.1Access Control4 2.1.2MAC and DAC5 2.1.3RBAC6 2.1.4Advantages of RBAC7 2.2 RBAC Features and Supporting Policies9 2.2.1Users, Roles and Operations9 2.2.2Role Hierarchies10 2.2.3Role Authorization11 2.2.4Summary13 2.3 Some Applications of RBAC15 3Reviews of Three Integrated Schemes18 3.1 Preliminary 19 3.1.1 Diffie-Hellman Key Agreement Protocol 19 3.2 Review of Jan-Tseng Scheme20 3.2.1The Scheme 120 3.2.2The Scheme 222 3.3 The Extension of Jan-Tseng Scheme24 3.3.1System Components24 3.3.2The Extended Scheme25 3.3.3Discussions and Comparisons27 4System Overview and Our Implementation29 4.1 System Overview29 4.2 Example of Our Implementation34 4.2.1Infrastructure of Computer Center (CC)34 4.2.2Example35 4.3 Security Analysis of the System41 5Conclusions43 References4