百香果内膜生物炭作为微生物燃料电池阴极催化剂的产电性能研究

以天然来源的生物质百香果内膜为原料,采用热解炭化-KOH活化的方法制备出比表面积大、孔隙结构好的纳米片生物炭（BXG-AC）,并通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）等方法对所制备催化剂进行了元素组成和微观形貌表征,采用循环伏安扫描（CV）和线性伏安扫描（LSV）对材料的电化学性能进行分析。结果表明,百香果内膜生物炭经过KOH活化后,在0.1 mol/L的磷酸缓冲液（PBS）中表现出良好的电催化活性。将所制备的催化剂应用于单室MFCs阴极时,对应的MFC最大功率密度达1153.3 mW/m^2,略低于Pt/C的1214.3 mW/m^2,且此MFC运行60 d后,其性能未见明显降低。表明BXG-AC催化剂具有显著的催化活性和稳定性,为开发高效MFC阴极催化剂提供了新途径

电化学红外光谱解析五氯酚的阴极微生物还原脱氯机制

通过构建基于恒电位(0,-200,-500,-800 mV vs. SCE)的生物电化学系统,考查了污染土壤五氯酚(pentachlorophenol, PCP)脱氯效率、阴极生物膜的电子吸收能力以及电活性物质种类;借助原位电化学红外光谱和二维相关光谱手段解析了参与PCP阴极还原脱氯的氧化还原活性基团及可能的电子传递途径;通过16S r RNA基因测序技术分析了微生物群落结构对不同恒电位的响应变化.结果表明:(1)-500 mV电位刺激下的PCP微生物还原脱氯效率分别是0和-200 m V电位下的5倍以及-800 mV的1.8倍,最高生物电流(约45μA)也高于其他电位处理(0~35μA),说明-500 mV电位刺激下的阴极生物膜电子吸收能力和PCP还原脱氯效率明显优于其他电位处理;(2)-500 mV电位下的CV曲线中氧化还原峰位于-250和-450 mV(vs. SCE),该物质可能是参与PCP还原脱氯的主要电化学活性物质;(3)-200,-500和-800 mV电位下形成的电活性生物膜参与PCP还原脱氯,对阴极电子传递响应最迅速的主要氧化还原活性成分分别是氨基III、细胞色素和腐殖酸,-500 mV电位下细胞色素可能介导了更高效的电子传递,从而导致PCP的微生物还原脱氯效率明显优于其他电位处理;(4)不同电位下微生物群落结构差异显著,-500 mV电位下的优势微生物为丛毛单胞菌(Comamonadaceae),可能是驱动PCP阴极还原脱氯的重要功能微生物.该研究初步解析了参与PCP阴极还原脱氯的优势微生物及重要氧化还原活性成分,为PCP的高效降解及污染环境的治理提供了理论支撑

Prediction of Energy Resolution in the JUNO Experiment

International audienceThis paper presents the energy resolution study in the JUNO experiment, incorporating the latest knowledge acquired during the detector construction phase. The determination of neutrino mass ordering in JUNO requires an exceptional energy resolution better than 3% at 1 MeV. To achieve this ambitious goal, significant efforts have been undertaken in the design and production of the key components of the JUNO detector. Various factors affecting the detection of inverse beta decay signals have an impact on the energy resolution, extending beyond the statistical fluctuations of the detected number of photons, such as the properties of liquid scintillator, performance of photomultiplier tubes, and the energy reconstruction algorithm. To account for these effects, a full JUNO simulation and reconstruction approach is employed. This enables the modeling of all relevant effects and the evaluation of associated inputs to accurately estimate the energy resolution. The study reveals an energy resolution of 2.95% at 1 MeV. Furthermore, the study assesses the contribution of major effects to the overall energy resolution budget. This analysis serves as a reference for interpreting future measurements of energy resolution during JUNO data taking. Moreover, it provides a guideline in comprehending the energy resolution characteristics of liquid scintillator-based detectors