Study on the Electrochemical Characteristics of the Passive Film on Reinforcing Steel and Corrosion Inhibitors

钢筋腐蚀是造成钢筋混凝土结构过早失效的首要因素，是当今世界腐蚀科学迫切需要解决的重大问题。混凝土中钢筋的耐蚀性取决于其表面钝化膜的稳定性。混凝土碳化和氯离子侵蚀是引起钢筋去钝化而发生腐蚀的主要原因。国际上钢筋钝化膜特性及其影响因素的研究虽然较多，但许多问题仍未得到满意解决。 本工作应用电化学技术与现代表面分析技术相结合的研究方法，探测钢筋在模拟混凝土中孔隙液中的腐蚀行为，研究了钢筋钝化膜半导体特性与耐蚀性的关联，考察了亚硝酸钠和D-葡萄糖酸钠组成的复合缓蚀剂对钢筋钝化膜半导体特性的影响及其缓蚀作用，对揭示钢筋腐蚀机理和保护钢筋有重要的实用价值和学术意义。 （1）应用电化学阻抗测量技术，结合...The corrosion of reinforcing steel is the main reason for the premature degradation of reinforced concrete structures，which has been a grave problem that urgently needs to be resolved in field of corrosion science in modern society. Whether or not the reinforcing steel in concrete maintains its passivity depends on the stability of the passive film. Carbonation of concrete and chloride ions ingres...学位：理学硕士院系专业：化学化工学院化学系_物理化学(含化学物理)学号：2005130188

Labour Standards should not be Negotiated in WTO

近年来，发达国家对将劳工标准纳入WTO议题的呼声很高，一些国家还建议采纳一种社会条款，这一条款将就一组国际最低劳工标准进行协商并达成协议，与国际贸易相挂钩。受到了发展中国家和地区的强烈反对。发达国家认为发展中国家的出口产品价格低廉，不是由于生产成本上的比较优势，而是由于发展中国家国内采取的低劳工标准，因此，在WTO框架下对劳工标准进行谈判并达成协议有助于创造公平竞争的贸易环境，提高发达国家和发展中国家国内劳工的权益。而发展中国家和地区则认为发展中国家和地区由于经济发展水平低，人口相对过剩，具有较低的人工成本的优势是很自然的，劳工标准一旦纳入WTO议题，很容易成为贸易保护主义利用的工具。 本文...Some developed countries advocates frequently that labour standards should be negotiated in WTO, some even suggest that every country should adopt a social clause: an agreement of a series of international labour standards. But developing countries strongly disagree such suggestion. In developed countries’ view, product from developing countries is cheaper than that of developed countries becaus...学位：经济学硕士院系专业：经济学院国际贸易系_国际贸易学学号：20041300

我国对外贸易类上市公司经营状况概析

本文通过对我国沪深两市外贸板块23只外贸股的总体分析以及其中重点上市公司经营业绩和融资能力进行分析,说明当今我国外贸类上市公司的经营状况

A Study on the Development Strategy of Xiamen City Commercial Bank

随着中国经济金融改革的深化，以及加入WTO后众多外资银行的进入，中国银行业面临着前所未有的激烈竞争。对于厦门市商业银行而言，从外部看，2008年以来金融危机对世界经济的影响仍在持续；从内部看，银行在2008年12月完成了增资扩股，引入了战略投资者富邦银行（香港）股份有限公司。在内外部条件发生显著变化的情况下，厦门市商业银行应该进行怎样的市场定位，应该如何达到自己的战略目标，是厦门市商业银行战略管理必须解决的迫切问题。 本文的研究，对探讨中国城市商业银行的发展模式、分析中资银行和外资银行的战略合作都具有借鉴意义，对于促进厦门市商业银行的发展更具有重要的现实意义。全文分为六章。第一章是研究概述，...Along with the reform of Chinese financial industrial system and more foreign banks speeding up their entry into Chinese market after China’s entry of WTO, the competition of Chinese bank industry has changed to more severe. As to the external environment of Xiamen City Commercial Bank (XMCCB), the financial crisis occurred in 2008 has been affecting the world economy. As to the inside environment...学位：工商管理硕士院系专业：管理学院高级经理教育中心（EMBA项目）_高级管理人员工商管理硕士(EMBA)学号：X20051505

A Study on Nigerian Students’ Chinese Phonetic Alphabet Acquisition

随着世界各地孔子学院的迅速发展，越来越多的外国人开始学习汉语。由于汉语拼音在对外汉语教学中发挥着重要作用，已经成为外国学生学习汉语必不可少的工具，因此我们有必要加强外国学生汉语拼音习得研究，以促进国外汉语拼音拼音教学的发展。本文以尼日利亚纳姆迪•阿齐克韦大学孔子学院的汉语学生为研究对象，通过调查问卷、试卷和录音分析，对尼日利亚学生汉语拼音习得情况进行研究。本文的主要内容如下： 第一，对外国学生汉语拼音习得的相关文献进行综述，总结各国（地区）学生汉语拼音习得的难点，并从中发现目前研究中存在的三点不足。本文针对这些不足加以改进，希望将对外国学生汉语拼音习得的研究做得比前人更加深入。 ...As the rapid development of Confucius Institute all over the world, more and more foreign students start to learn Chinese. Chinese Phonetic Alphabet (Pinyin) has play an important role in teaching Chinese as a second language, and it has become an indispensable tool for foreign students to learn Chinese, it is necessary to enhance the research on foreign students’ Pinyin acquisition and to promote...学位：文学硕士院系专业：人文学院中文系_语言学及应用语言学学号：1022008115239

刍议2008年全球金融危机的影响及启示

2007年开始浮现的全球金融危机,是自1930年代经济大萧条以来世界经济遇到的最严重危机。全球信贷市场与资本市场已经受到剧烈冲击,许多国家的实体经济陷入衰退。在全球化日益深入的今天,中国难以在这场危机中独善其身,经济必将受到严重的影响。本文将探讨这场全球金融危机的起因及蔓延,对中国乃至全球经济的影响,以及这场危机的启示和应对策略。教育部文科重点研究基地重大项目(项目批准号:07JJD630226

Density Functional Theoretical Study on SERS Chemical Enhancement Mechanism of 4-Mercaptopyridine Adsorbed on Silver

基于密度泛函理论计算和拉曼光谱理论分析,我们研究了对巯基吡啶(4MPY)分子的拉曼光谱和其在银上的表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS),并进一步探讨了S; ERS与界面吸附结构、异构化、质子化和氢键作用以及低能激发态的关系。首先,我们对两种分子异构体的相对稳定性和拉曼光谱进行了理论分析。在此基础上,; 进而研究了该分子与不同银簇作用时的拉曼光谱,结果表明,4MPY以巯基硫与银簇作用形成强的Ag-; S键,导致拉曼光谱的线型不依赖于所选银簇的大小。接着我们考虑了吡啶氮端作用的两种情况。(1)当4MPY-银簇复合物同时以吡啶氮与水簇或水合质子簇; 形成氢键时,结果表明吡啶环的部分振动频率随氢键和质子化发生蓝移。(2)当考虑吡啶氮与银簇作用时,吡啶环三角畸变振动发生蓝移。上述情况不仅解释了实; 验观测的振动频率变化,而且表明了化学环境改变对相对拉曼强度的影响。最后,我们计算了当对巯基吡啶分子以单端或双端与银簇作用,在考虑激发光与低能激发; 态的能量匹配时,拉曼光谱强度与低能激发态的关系。计算结果表明,在双端吸附构型下,与吡啶氮成键的银簇受激发产生电荷转移态,不仅导致吡啶环v_(12; )、 v_1和v_(8a)振动的拉曼信号增强,而且选择性地增强吡啶环C-H面内对称弯曲振动v_(9a)的拉曼信号。Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is one of the most powerful techniques for obtaining fingerprint information on molecules adsorbed on coinage metal surfaces. Its detection sensitivity has reached the single-molecule level. On the basis of density functional theoretical (DFT) calculations and Raman scattering theory, we investigated the normal Raman spectra of two isomers and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of 4-mercaptopyridine (4MPY) adsorbed on silver. The results aided us in uncovering the relationships between normal Raman spectra and SERS spectra and adsorption configuration, tautomerization, protonation, and hydrogen bonding interactions as well as low-lying excited states. First, we compared the relative stability and normal Raman spectra of two isomers of 4MPY in the gas phase and aqueous solution with a solvent model similar to the solvation model of density (SMD). We then studied the Raman spectra of 4MPY interacting with silver clusters. Our results indicate that the Raman spectra were not dependent on the size of the silver clusters, owing to the formation of strong Ag-S bonds. We also considered two cases of N-end interaction in the 4MPY-Ag-5 complex. (1) For the hydrogen bond interaction between the nitrogen in 4MPY and water clusters or hydrated proton clusters, the theoretical results indicated that the vibrational frequencies of the pyridine ring increase. (2) For the interaction of the 4MPY-Ag-5 complex with a silver cluster Ag-4 through the lone-paired orbital in nitrogen of the pyridine ring, the theoretical results further revealed that the vibrational frequency shift is in good agreement with SERS peaks reported in the literature. Finally, our calculated results focused on the relationship between the Raman spectra and the charge transfer mechanism when the excitation photonic energy matches the transition energy of low-lying excited states in single-end and double-end adsorption configuration. Particularly for the case of the double-end adsorption configuration, the charge transfer states from the excitation from the silver cluster binding to the pyridine ring not only enhance the Raman signals of v(12), v(1), and v(8a) modes, but also selectively enhance the Raman signal of the v(9a) mode associated with the symmetric C-H in-plane bending vibration.国家自然科学基金（21273182,21533006,21373172）资助项

城镇贫困人口的人力资源开发

我国城镇贫困人口数量近年来呈现日益增加的态势 ,引起了中央政府和社会各界的高度重视 ,并且已经采取了一些救济措施。为了从根本上解决城镇居民贫困问题 ,就要改变扶贫工作的观念和方法 ,变被动式扶贫为开发式扶贫 ,大力开发城镇贫困人口的人力资源。国家社会科学基金项目 (项目号 :02CJY002 )

水助催化氢分子在金纳米粒子上解离的理论研究

金纳米粒子（GNPs）对氢分子（H2）的解离具有良好的催化活性.本文研究了水分子对GNPs催化H2解离的影响.对于H2在中性和带正电的金簇（Aunδ,n=3～5;δ=0,1）上的反应,考虑当水簇（（H2O）m,m=1,2,3,7）参与反应时GNPs催化H2的解离过程的热力学和动力学.研究结果表明,水对H2在GNPs上的解离有助催化的作用,且水簇大小不同,水助催化H2在金簇上解离的机理也有所不同,其由氢氢键的均裂解离转化为氧化解离.对两种机理所得的产物,作者计算了它们的Raman和IR光谱.国家自然科学基金项目(No.21373172,No.21533006,No.21621091);;国家科技部(No.2015CB932303);;固体物理化学国家重点实验室资