Experimental research progress of public management——based on the literature analysis of 2000-2015

20世纪80年代后期开始，一场影响巨大的行政改革席卷发达国家和发展中国家。新公共管理运动是关于公共管理范式的一次重大变革，这种变革不仅体现在以公共选择理论、制度经济学理论、交易成本理论等为基础的理论变革，更体现在方法论上的变革。公共管理是一个方法选择多样的学科，然而实验法作为探索问题的传统途径，不管是与其他社会科学的实验方法应用比较，还是与公共管理学科中其他经验研究方法的应用比较，公共管理实验研究少之又少。 得力于一些公共管理学者的不懈努力，近年来，公共管理实验研究已经取得了一些进步。但无论何种学科，常常会在发展中陷入一种“缺乏反思的自说自话的境地”，适时客观地对该学科的发展进行总结、评价是...In the late 1980s and early 90s, an administration reform swept developed and developing countries. The new public management movement is a major reform of the public management paradigm, this change is not only reflected in the theory reform based on the public choice theory, institutional economics theory, transaction cost theory, but is also reflected on the reform of methodology. Public manage...学位：管理学硕士院系专业：公共政策研究院_公共政策学号：3342013115059

Synthesis and characterization of cellulose acetate with high degree of substitution from miscanthus

以芒草为原料,用Na OH/H_2O_2溶液体系预处理制备芒草纤维,在冰醋酸环境下,以浓硫酸为催化剂与醋酸酐酯化制备芒草醋酸纤维素。优化了预处理条件:温度、时间、次数和酯化条件:催化剂量、温度、时间、醋酸酐量,最佳条件下制备出的芒草纤维的纤维素、半纤维素和木质素的质量分数分别为75.3%、17.3%、5.1%,制备出芒草醋酸纤维素的取代度DS=2.8,特性黏度[η]=1.24 d L/g,达到美国联邦贸易委员会指南认定的三醋酸纤维素标准。利用扫描电镜(SEM)和热分析(TG、DSC)对制得样品进行表征。结果表明,可以利用Na OH/H_2O_2水溶液体系预处理芒草原料制备芒草纤维,并进一步酯化制备出高取代度的醋酸纤维素。A procedure for synthesizing cellulose acetate with high degree of substitution from miscanthus biomass is developed. The miscanthus fiber is prepared by pretreatment of miscanthus biomass with Na OH / H_2O_2,which is then reacted with acetic anhydride in an acetic acid solvent to synthesize cellulose acetate by using concentrated sulfuric acid as catalyst. The effects of the pretreatment factors( such as pretreatment temperature,time and number of times) and the esterification factors( such as catalyst volume,reaction temperature,reaction time and acetic anhydride volume) are studied. Under the optimal conditions,the contents of cellulose,hemicellulose and lignin for prepared miscanthus fiber are75. 3%,17. 3% and 5. 1%,respectively. The degree of substitution( DS) and the intrinsic viscosity( [η ]) of the obtained miscanthus cellulose acetate are 2. 8 and 1. 24 d L / g,respectively. The miscanthus biomass,fiber and cellulose acetate are characterized by SEM,TG and DSC. This study shows that cellulose acetate with high degree of substitution can be prepared from miscanthus biomass pretreated with Na OH / H_2O_2.国家自然科学基金(21303142;31170067);; 福建省中青年教师教育科研项目(JA14010);; 厦门市海洋经济发展专项资金项目(14GZP59HJ29);; 福建省海洋高新产业发展专项项目(闽海洋高新[2014]25号);; 厦门大学校长基金(20720150090

Cloning and heterologous expression of a novel GH10 xylanase gene from Hypocrea orientalis EU7-22

木聚糖酶是降解半纤维素最主要的酶,对于开发可再生生物能源具有重要的应用价值。分别以东方肉座菌(HyPOCrEA OrIEnTAlIS)Eu7-22的基因组dnA和C dnA为模板,利用染色体步移和PCr技术首次克隆获得该菌gH10家族木聚糖酶Ⅲ的基因(XynⅢ),并对其进行生物信息学分析。结果表明:该基因全长1283 bP(gXynⅢ),含有3个内含子;CdS序列为1044 bP(CXynⅢ),编码347个氨基酸,n端含有一个16 AA的信号肽序列;XynⅢ氨基酸序列与TrICHOdErMA PSEudOkOnIngII的EndOXylAnASE具有较高的同源性。经生物信息学分析,XynⅢ成熟蛋白可能含有18个n-糖基化位点,其理论等电点(P I)为6.14,蛋白质分子质量为36.55 ku,属于亲水性蛋白;SWISS-MOdEl建模预测,XynⅢ成熟蛋白中含有11个α螺旋,其核心结构为8个β折叠片围成一个柱状结构。同时将编码成熟蛋白的基因片段MXynⅢ与P PIC9k质粒连接构建表达载体后转化毕赤酵母,对重组子表达产物进行酶活检测显示该基因能在毕赤酵母中表达有生物活性的XynⅢ并分泌到胞外,发酵液中的木聚糖酶活在诱导培养168 H后可达到127.5 Iu/M l。Endo-1,4-xylanase( E.C.3.2.1.8) is the major enzyme to the conversion of hemicelluloses into xylo-oligosaccharide.In this research,a novel GH10 xylanase Ⅲ( xyn Ⅲ) gene was cloned from Hypocrea orientalis EU7-22 by chromosome walking and PCR.The results showed that the DNA fragment( 1283 bp) encoding xynⅢ( gxynⅢ) contained three introns.The CDS of xynⅢ( cxynⅢ) encoded 331 amino acids of putative mature protein and a 16 aa signal in N terminator.The amino acid sequence of xynⅢ is highly homologous with the endoxylanase of Trichoderma pseudokoningii.The bioinformatics analysis showed that the theoretical isoelectric point and the molecular weight of putative mature protein of XYNⅢ were 6.14 and 36.55 ku,respectively.It is a soluble hydrophilic protein containing 18 N-glycosylation sites.The 3D structure predicted with SWISS-Model showed that XYNⅢ protein contained11 alpha helices and 8 extended strands.A recombinant plasmid p PIC9K-xynⅢ was constructed and then transformed into Pichia pastoris.The transformant identified by PCR was induced to produce XYNⅢ enzyme with 1% methanol.And after 168 hours induced expression,the produced crude enzyme was detected to reach a high enzymatic activity of 127.5 IU / m L.国家自然科学基金(21303142;31170067); 福建省海洋高新产业发展专项项目(闽海洋高新[2014]25号); 厦门市海洋经济发展专项资金项目(14GZP59HJ29

Research Progress of α-Glucuronidase, an Enzyme for Degrading Hemicellulose Side-Chain

半纤维素是自然界中最丰富的可再生资源之一,将半纤维素降解为单糖并转化为燃料或化学品一直是科学界研究的热点。半纤维素是由木糖基主链以及α-葡萄糖醛酸等侧链共同组成的异质多聚体。α-葡萄糖醛酸酶是半纤维素完全降解过程中的关键酶之一,能够水解4-O-甲基葡萄糖醛酸与木糖之间的α-1,2-糖苷键。本文综述了α-葡萄糖醛酸酶的分类、催化机制及晶体结构、酶学性质和基因克隆表达等方面的研究进展,同时对该研究进行了展望。Hemicellulose is one of the most abundant renewable resources in nature.The bioconversion of hemicellulose into biofuels or chemicals is a research hotspot in the world.Hemicellulose consists of a backbone of xylan residues and some branches like glucuronic acid.α-Glucuronidase, which is capable to hydrolysis the α-1,2-glycosidic bond between xylan and glucuronic acid, is one of the key enzyme to degrade hemicellulose completely.The recent research progresses on catalysis mechanism, structure, charaterization, and gene cloning of α-glucuronidase are summarized in this paper.国家自然科学基金(31170067;21303142); 国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划;2010CB732201); 福建省自然科学基金(2012J05029); 农业部“引进国际先进农业科学技术”项目(2013-Z70

基于微流控技术的循环肿瘤细胞分析研究进展

癌症的精准诊疗是提高癌症患者生存率和生存质量的重要手段.液体活检通过采用非侵入采样方式,获取肿瘤病人全面、准确、实时的基因组、转录组及蛋白组等生物学信息,是一种新兴的癌症诊断技术,对癌症精确诊断、个体化治疗、预后评估等方面具有重要意义.循环肿瘤细胞(CTC)是一种从实体瘤组织脱落进入外周血的肿瘤细胞,因能提供完整的细胞生物学信息,是最具应用前景的液体活检靶标.然而, CTC的数量极其稀少、异质性强、所处外周血环境复杂等特点,给CTC的富集和分析带来了巨大的技术挑战.本文将总结本课题组近年来发展的基于CTC液体活检策略,着重讨论在CTC识别、富集与单细胞分析等方面的研究进展

GIS的体系结构与全面社会化应用发展分析

近年来GIS取得了巨大的发展,其动力主要来自于应用需求的牵引和相关的IT技术的推动。本文主要从应用需求的变化对GIS体系结构的影响,以及包括Interbet、移动通信与定位、软件开发、软件工程等IT技术的进展对GIS的推动两个方面,对近年来GIS发展的内因和外因进行分析和探讨

AFM STUDY ON BINARY RARE EARTH OXYFLUORIDE Sm La O F CATALYSTS

双稀土氟氧化物SMlAOf具有良好的乙烷氧化脱氢（OdE）催化性能，特别是对于SM2O3lAf3（1∶1摩尔比），在973k，乙烯选择性为897%，乙烷转化率为221%，是目前报道的具有高乙烯选择性的OdE反应催化剂.比表面积和Xrd测试表明，SM2O3lAf3催化剂体相是由单一相结构的双稀土氟氧化物SM2/3lA1/3Of组成，比表面积较小.原子力显微镜（AfM）研究表明，该催化剂的表面颗粒排布规整致密，粒径均匀；而其它乙烯选择性较低的催化剂颗粒排布较为松散，颗粒大小不一.Sm La O F series catalysts show good performance for oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane (ODE) reaction.89 7% of ethene selectivity and 22 1% of ethane conversion were achieved on Sm 2O 3 LaF 3 (1∶1 in mole) at 973 K.Atom force microscope (AFM) images clearly show that for the Sm 2O 3 LaF 3 (1∶1), its particles locate compelled, and their radii are uniform, while for the Sm 2O 3 LaF 3 (1∶3) and Sm 2O 3 LaF 3(3∶1) the particles locate loose and their radii vary greatly.国家自然科学基

Research Progress of Acetyl Xylan Esterase

半纤维素是一类丰富可再生而又亟待开发利用的生物质资源,将半纤维素降解为糖类进而生产木糖醇及其它化学品是利用生物质资源的关键一步。乙酰木聚糖酯酶是降解半纤维素的一个重要酶,它能够水解乙酰化木聚糖中的木糖残基上的2位和3位的O乙酰基,在工业、农业及食品业具有广阔的应用前景。综述了乙酰木聚糖酯酶的分类、酶学性质、催化机制、基因克隆和协同酶解等方面的研究进展,同时对该研究进行了展望。Hemicellulose is an abundant and renewable plant biomass yet untapped utilization. The bioconversion of hemicellulose to sugars is essential in the production of xylitol and other chemicals. Acetyl xylan esterase is the key enzyme in hydrolyzing hemicellulose,which can deacetylate on the O-2 and O-3 positions of xylopyranosyl residue. It has broad application prospect in agriculture and industry. The recent research progresses on catalysis mechanism,structure,characterization,gene cloning and synergetic hydrolysis of acetyl xylan esterase were addressed.国家自然科学基金(21303142);; 厦门南方海洋研究中心海洋经济发展专项资金项目(14GZP59HJ29);; 福建省海洋高新产业发展专项(闽海洋高新[2014]25号)资助项

Deformation Potentials of GaN and AlN, and Band offsets at GaN/AlN Heterojunction

本文采用混合基矢从头赝势能带计算方法研究了（001）界面应变对gAn、Aln应变层的能带、平均键能EM和带阶参数EMV的影响.借助于带阶参数形变势的计算，预言了不同生长厚度情况下gAn/Aln应变层异质结价带带阶和导带带阶.Abstract The effect of strain along orientation on band structure of Zinc blende GaN and AlN, average bond energy E m, and band offset parameters E mv are investigated by the ab initio mixed basis pseudopotentials.When obtaining the deformation potential of E mv for GaN and AlN, the band offsets of strained layer heterojunction GaN/AlN under different growth thicknesses can be predicted.国家自然科学基金;高校博士点专项科研基