SCAT弹头热防护的简化计算方法

对自适应发汗冷却(SCAT)弹头的热防护问题作了简化分析，导出了热防护的简化计算公式。对铊、铟、锡和水四种冷却剂的情况，给出了算例。文中的公式，计算简便，可作为弹头热防护设计的一种工程计算，亦可用于地模拟实验前的预算

Effect of Electroacupuncture Stimulation of "Huantiao"(GB 30) on Walking Ability and Touch Sensation in Rabbits with Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Protrusion

目的:观察电针“环跳“穴对实验性腰椎间盘突出症(lIdP)家兔步态、触觉功能和坐骨神经超微结构的影响,探讨电针对lIdP的修复作用。方法:40只新西兰家兔随机分为正常组、模型组、环跳组和非穴组。采用lIdP动物病理模型造模器将家兔腰6、7的椎间盘组织推出到后纵韧带右前方建立模型。环跳组和非穴组予电针治疗,每次20MIn,每日1次,共7d。神经功能评分法检测家兔治疗前后步态、触觉功能的变化,透射电镜检测坐骨神经超微结构。结果:造模后家兔步态、触觉功能减弱;环跳组的步态、触觉功能治疗前后积分值的差值显著高于正常组、模型组、非穴组(P<0.01)。模型组坐骨神经纤维广泛洋葱状变性,雪旺氏细胞坏死、水肿;环跳组神经纤维大多数趋于正常,雪旺氏细胞丰富;非(组)旺氏细胞线粒体广泛水肿、空泡化。结论:电针“环跳“穴对实验性lIdP的损伤具有很好的修复作用。Objective To observe the effect of electroacupuncture(EA) stimulation of "Huantiao"(GB 30) on the wal-king ability and touch sensation in rabbits with lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion(LIDP).Methods Forty New Zealand rabbits were equally randomized into normal control,model,EA-GB 30 and EA-non-acupoint groups.The LIDP model was established by surgical operation under anesthesia.EA(30 Hz/100 Hz,2-4 V,0.5 ms in pulse duration) was applied to bilateral "Huantiao"(GB 30) or non-acupoint.The rabbits' walking ability was assessed according to a 4-points scoring standard: 0 point: complete paralysis;1 point: paralysis with muscular contraction and mild joint movement;2 points: weaker strength of the affected limbs with bradykinesia and instable walking;3 points: able to walk with only interphalangeal joint dyskinesia;4 points: complete recovery.The rabbit's touch sensation was assessed according to another 4-points scoring standard: 0 point: no any response to cotton swab stimulation;1 point: very mild response;2 points: sluggish response;3 points: relatively swifter response but weaker than the healthy limb;4 points: normal.The ultrostructure changes of the sciatic nerve were analyzed by transmission electron microscope.Results Following modeling,the scores for walking ability and touch sensation were significantly reduced in the model,EA-GB 30 and EA-non-acupoint groups(P<0.01).While compared with the model group,both walking ability score and touch sensation score of the EA-GB 30 group were obviously increased(P<0.01),rather than in the EA-non-acupoint group.Outcomes of the ultrastructure showed that in the model group,extensive onion-like state of the myelin sheath of the sciatic nerve fibers,shrink or disappearance of the axon,kytoplasm edema or lysis of Schwann cells tending to necrosis,and mitochondrium vacuolization of the Schwann cells were found.In the EA-GB 30 group,majority of the nerve fibers and vascular endothelium were normal,with delamination and vacuolization of partial myelin sheath,edema of partial mitochondria and vacuolization of Schwann cells were found.In the EA-non-acupoint group,delamination and twist of partial myelin sheath,Schwann cellular plasma edema and mitochondrial edema of the axon with vacuolization change were found,suggesting a poorer effect of EA of non-acupoint.Conclusion EA-GB 30 can improve LIDP rabbits' walking ability and touch sensation function and reduce ultrastructure of sciatic nerve.国家自然科学基金项目(No.30960484

Electrochemical Study of the Corrosion Behavior of Coalesced Copper and SW-206 Stainless Steel in the Acetic-Acid Solution

应用交流阻抗和极化曲线法研究磷脱氧铜和ＳＷ－２０６不锈钢在醋酸介质中腐蚀行为及过程的控制特征，比较介质温度、浓度及溶解氧对这两种金属在醋酸中腐蚀行为的影响，分析其原因所在，为石油化工中的醋酸设备的正确选材及有效防腐提供理论和实验依据．In order to provide a theoretic and experimental consideration for the material selection and anit-corrosion in the petrochemical industries the corrosion behavior of coalesced copper and sw-206 stainless steel in the acetic acid solution was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and polarization techniques. The effects of the temperature,acetic acid concentration and solubilized oxygen in the acetic acid solution on the corrosion process of this two metals were analyzed. It was found that these effects obviously accelerate corrosion process for the coalesced copper,but no apparent influnce for the sw-206 stainless steel.In the the acetic acid solution,containing water and oxygen were beneficial for stabilizing the passivation state of sw-206 stainless steel,and however were detrimental for the corrosion resistance of coalesced copper.作者联系地址：厦门大学化学系，上海石化股份公司机械研究所Author's Address: Department of Chemistry Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005Sun Zhanmei;Wu Xueqin;Wang BiaoMechanics Institute,Shanghai Petrochemistry Corporation,Shanghai 20054

α半水硫酸钙复合功能化多壁碳纳米管骨修复材料生物相容性

旨在评价α 半水硫酸钙复合功能化多壁碳纳米管骨修复材料的生物相容性，为后期临床实验奠定基 础。分别采用兔L929 成纤维细胞与材料浸提液以及材料片剂与兔骨髓基质干细胞复合培养，在不同时段运用 倒置显微镜观察，MTT 检测，扫描电子显微镜分析等手段，观察材料对细胞的相容性；进行急性、亚急性毒 性实验，肌肉植入实验，骨植入实验等，观察材料对组织的相容性。结果表明，L929 成纤维细胞在材料浸提 液中生长良好，MTT 检测与对照组无显著差异 (P＞0.05)；扫描电子显微镜结果显示，细胞能在材料上黏附并 增殖；体内实验表明材料对机体无毒，无致敏性，组织相容性佳。α 半水硫酸钙/碳纳米管复合材料表现出的 良好生物相容性，有望在骨组织工程中得到广泛运用

产量与经济效益共赢的高效生态农业模式:以弘毅生态农场为例

化学物质的大量投入以及元素不能循环导致农田生态系统退化,耕地质量和产量均呈下降趋势,食物链受到污染.本研究从低产田开始,通过秸秆养牛、腐熟牛粪还田恢复地力;以物理+生物方法控制虫害;以人工+机械管理杂草,停用农药、化肥和除草剂,同时不用地膜、人工合成激素、转基因种子生产优质安全食品,并在线上与线下销售.10年的长期实验结果表明,所在村庄农田生态环境改善,减少农药用量58.3%;物理+生物控虫效果明显,每盏灯年捕获量从2009年的33 kg下降到2014年的2.1 kg,下降93.8%;年消耗秸秆1000 t,秸秆利用率从1.1%提高到62.5%.有机肥还田提高了土壤生物多样性,有机果园蚯蚓数量317条m~(-2),而普通果园只有16条m~(-2);大量有机肥还田(75 t hm~(-2)),土壤有机质从实验初期的0.7%提高到2.4%.粮食产量从最初的11.43 t hm~(-2)提高到目前的17.43 t hm~(-2),其中冬小麦(Triticum aestivum)、夏玉米(Zea mays)、大豆(Glycine max(Linn.)Merr.)和花生(Arachis hypogaea Linn.)产量分别超出山东省平均水平42.6%,60.9%,32.2%和38.1%.由于质量好,产品已销售往除西藏以外的30个省、市、自治区,经济效益明显,平均每公顷效益是普通农田的3~5倍,带动所在村庄67户农民从事高效生态农业.本研究可为国家制定生态农业发展规划、精准扶贫、农村环境保护等提供科学依据

JUNO Sensitivity on Proton Decay p→νˉK+p\to \bar\nu K^+ Searches

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this paper, the potential on searching for proton decay in $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ mode with JUNO is investigated.The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreover, the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits to suppress the sizable background caused by other delayed signals. Based on these advantages, the detection efficiency for the proton decay via $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ is 36.9% with a background level of 0.2 events after 10 years of data taking. The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years exposure is $9.6 \times 10^{33}$ years, competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel