经验，想象与求索--黄碧云行旅小说研究 = Experience, Imagination and Pursuit - A Study of Wong Bik Wan's Traveling Fictions.

Master'sMASTER OF ART

Estimating Submarine Groundwater Discharge into the Jiaozhou Bay Using ~(226)Ra

海底地下水排泄(SGD)是全球水循环的一个组成部分,其输送的溶解物质不仅参与海洋的生物地球化学循环,而且影响近岸海域的生态环境。为了评估胶州湾海底地下水排泄状况,通过建立胶州湾内海水中226Ra的质量平衡模型来计算海底地下水排泄通量。胶州湾海水中226Ra的源主要有河流的输入、沉积物扩散输入和地下水的输入,海水系统在稳定状态下,这几种源应该与湾内海水和湾外海水的混合损失达到平衡。除了将地下水输入作为未知项外,对其他源和汇逐个进行量化,计算得知:2011年9—10月胶州湾的海底地下水排泄通量为7.85×10~6m~3·d~(-1);2012年4—5月胶州湾的海底地下水排泄通量为4.72×106m~3·d~(-1)。在此基础上,对地下水输入胶州湾的营养盐进行了评价。Submarine groundwater discharge( SGD) is a part of global water cycle,which delivers a large amount of solutes to the biogeochemical cycle and affects the coastal ecological environment. The ~(226)Ra mass balance model was established to estimate the submarine groundwater discharge to the Jiaozhou Bay. The ~(226)Ra sources include river transport,sediment diffusion and SGD,these sources should be in balance with the mixing loss of the bay water and open seawater when the seawater system is in the stable state. Except for the SGD was unknown item,other sources and sinks were quantified one by one. Calculated results showed that the SGD fluxes during September to October in 2011 was 7. 85 × 106m~3·d~(-1),April to May in 2012 was 4. 72 × 106m~3·d~(- 1). Based on the SGD fluxes,the SGD derived nutrient fluxes were estimated.国家自然科学基金项目(41072174)~

The Evaluation of Submarine Groundwater Discharge in Jiaozhou Bay Based on ~(222)Rn Mass Balance

海底地下水排泄(Sgd)作为全球水循环的一个组成部分,近年来成为陆海相互作用的研究热点。地球化学示踪法是研究海底地下水排泄的主要手段。本文以环境同位素222rn作为示踪剂,通过构建222rn质量平衡模型来评价胶州湾的海底地下水排泄,并进一步估算地下水输入的营养盐。222rn质量平衡模型的源项考虑了河流的输入、沉积物的扩散、母体226rA的支持,汇项考虑了222rn的自身衰变、222rn散逸到大气的损失以及与湾外海水的混合损失,源汇项的差值则作为地下水输入的222rn通量。结果表明,2011年9—10月胶州湾海底地下水排泄通量为24.2 l？M–2？d–1,2012年4—5月胶州湾海底地下水排泄通量为7.8 l？M–2？d–1。丰水季节地下水输入胶州湾的营养盐低于河流输入的,但是枯水季节地下水输入的营养盐接近河流输入的,特别是输入的活性磷酸盐和硅酸盐很接近。Submarine groundwater discharge(SGD), an important part of global water cycle, has recently been a research focus in the field of land-ocean interaction along the coastal zone.Geochemical tracing is a major tool to study submarine groundwater discharge.Taking natural occurring isotope 222 Rn as a tracer, the authors built 222 Rn mass balance model to estimate groundwater discharge to Jiaozhou Bay, and also evaluated the nutrient fluxes transported via groundwater.River input, dispersion of sediments, and support from parent 226 Ra are considered to be the sources of 222 Rn mass balance model, whereas radioactive decay, escape from sea-water interface to air and loss in mixing with the low activity water from open ocean are considered to be the sink of the model.Thus, the imbalance of budget from the model is attributed to submarine groundwater discharge.Calculations show that submarine groundwater discharge flux to Jiaozhou Bay was 24.2 L·m–2·d–1 from September to October in 2011, and 7.8 L·m–2·d–1 from April to May in 2014, respectively.The results of the study also indicate that the nutrient fluxes derived from groundwater during the wet season are lower than those transported by the local rivers, whereas the nutrient fluxes derived from groundwater during the dry season are close to those transported by the local rivers and, what is more, soluble reactive phosphate and silicate fluxes from both groundwater and river are very close to each other.国家自然科学基金项目(编号:41072174)资

Temporal and spatial variation of nutrients in the rivers around Jiaozhou Bay and its fluxes into the sea

本文选取胶州湾周边5条主要入海河流作为研究对象,于2011秋季和2012年春季,测定了河流中无机营养盐的浓度水平,调查了各河流营养盐的主要来源,分析了营养盐的时空变化及成因,并计算了营养盐的入海通量.结果表明,各流域nO-3-n、SIO2-3-SI、nH+4-n、nO-2-n浓度主要表现为秋季较高,PO3-4-P浓度春季较高.白沙河、洋河流域营养盐主要来源为面源污染;墨水河、李村河流域营养盐主要来源于工业废水和生活污水;大沽河流域营养盐主要来源于农田径流和生活污水.除nH+4-n入海通量为墨水河最高外,其余各项营养盐入海通量均为大沽河最高.dIn、PO3-4-P、SIO2-3-SI入海通量分别为373.74x103MOl·d-1、7.08x103MOl·d-1、73.16x103MOl·d-1,n∶P∶SI数量比约为53∶1∶10.River runoff is the most important discharge pathway from mainland to sea,which is one of the reasons that the eutrophication and red tide occur frequently in parts of Jiaozhou Bay.The nutrient investigations about five relatively big rivers around Jiaozhou Bay were conducted in autumn of 2011 and spring of 2012,respectively.We measured the nutrient concentrations in river water, investigated the main resources of nutrients,analyzed the temporal and spatial variations of nutrients and its causes, and calculated the nutrient fluxes to Jiaozhou Bay.Results show that the concentrations of NO-3-N, SiO2-3-Si, NH+ 4-N and NO-2-N are higher in autumn while the concentration of PO3-4-P is higher in spring.Non-point source pollution is the main source of nutrients in Baisha River and Yang River.Industrial wastewater,urban sewage and household wastes are the main sources of nutrient in Moshui River,and the nutrients originate mainly from farmland runoff and sewage in Dagu river.Except for NH+ 4-N flux which is much higher in Moshui River,all other nutrient fluxes to the sea are comparatively higher in Dagu River.The calculated fluxes for DIN,PO3-4-P and SiO2-3-Si are 373.74 × 103mol·d- 1,7.08 ×103mol·d- 1and 73.16 × 103mol·d- 1, respectively,and the ratio of N,P and Si within the fluxes is 53 ∶ 1 ∶ 10.国家自然科学基金项目资助(41072174)资

Characteristics of Radium Desorption from Sediments in the Salt Water Environment

海底沉积物向上覆水体扩散的镭是海洋水体中镭同位素的重要来源之一。为了研究沉积物中镭同位素的解吸和扩散特点,进行了不同盐度和不同粒度条件下224rA和226rA解吸的模拟实验,并通过多个时间段的沉积物培养实验获取224rA和226rA的扩散通量。实验结果表明:随着水体盐度增大,沉积物中224rA、226rA的解吸量随之增加,在盐度为25时,解吸量基本达到最大值;在同一咸水环境条件下,4个粒级(2000~1000μM、1000~500μM、500~250μM、250~125μM)的沉积物的224rA、226rA解吸量比较接近,粒级>2000μM的224rA、226rA解吸量略高于上述4个粒级,而粒级<125μM的224rA、226rA解吸量远大于上述5个粒级;胶州湾沉积物中224rA和226rA的平均扩散通量分别为0.85 bQ·M–2·d–1和0.022 bQ·M–2·d–1。Radium diffusion from sediments to overlying water is one of the important sources of radium isotopes in ocean water.A series of laboratory desorption/diffusion experiments were conducted to help elucidate the characteristics of sediments on 224 Ra and 226 Ra desorption and diffusion,which included 1) 224 Ra and 226 Ra desorption from sediments in water of different salinities,2) 224 Ra and 226 Ra desorption from sediments of different grain sizes in water of the same salinity,3) 224 Ra and 226 Ra diffusive fluxes by observing Ra enrichment with time in the overlying water of incubated sediments.The experimental results show that there is an increase in the amount of 224 Ra and 226 Ra with the increase of salinity from 5 to 30,and Ra desorption is strongest at the salinity of 25.Under the same salt water condition,224 Ra and 226 Ra desorption activities of the four grain sizes(2000~1000 μm,1000~500 μm,500~250 μm and 250~125 μm) of sediments are very close to each other.When the grain sizes of sediments are larger than 2000μm,the 224 Ra and 226 Ra desorption activities are slightly higher than those of the sediments of the above-mentioned four grain sizes.When the grain sizes of sediments are less than 125 μm,the 224 Ra and 226 Ra desorption activities are much larger than those of the above-mentioned five grain sizes.The average diffusive fluxes of 224 Ra and 226 Ra of sediments from Jiaozhou Bay are 0.85 Bq·m-2·d-1 and 0.022 Bq·m-2·d-1,respectively.国家自然科学基金项目(编号:41072174)资

产前滴滴涕或多氯联苯暴露与出生缺陷风险相关性的Meta分析

目的系统评价孕妇产前暴露于滴滴涕(DDT)或多氯联苯(PCBs)与新生儿出生缺陷风险之间的关系。方法计算机检索PubMed、EMbase、WanFang Data、VIP和CNKI数据库,搜集有关产前DDT或PCBs暴露与出生缺陷关系的病例-对照研究,检索时限均从建库至2017年2月。由2名研究者独立筛选文献、提取资料并评价纳入研究的偏倚风险后,采用Stata 13.0软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入14个研究,包括2 238例出生缺陷新生儿和2 355例对照新生儿。Meta分析结果显示:产前暴露于高水平的DDT会导致新生儿隐睾发生率增加[OR=1.12,95%CI(1.09,1.15),P<0.001]。而DDT暴露与尿道下裂和神经管畸形发生没有相关性。产前暴露于高水平的PCBs与隐睾、尿道下裂、神经管畸形发生也没有相关性。结论孕妇产前暴露于高水平的DDT可能是隐睾发生的危险因素。受纳入研究数量和质量的限制,上述结论尚待更多高质量研究予以验证。厦门市科技计划项目(编号:3502Z20163006);;厦门市集美区科技计划项目(编号:20142C01

厦门市某医院体检人群中有机氯农药暴露与胆石症发病的关联性研究

目的探讨厦门市第二医院体检人群中有机氯农药暴露与胆结石发生的关联及其发病危险因素。方法收集2015年2月-8月在医院健康体检人群中经B超确诊的新发胆囊结石患者100例,以同期参加体检的非胆囊结石者为对照,进行1∶2配比的病例对照研究。进行流行病学调查,采用气相色谱联用电子捕获器检测研究对象外周血中有机氯农药水平。应用多因素条件Logistic回归模型分析有机氯农药与胆囊结石发病的关系。结果病例组血清中α-HCH残留水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义;Logistic回归分析非酒精性脂肪肝、2型糖尿病、血清α-HCH含量增高可能增加胆结石的患病危险,OR值及95%CI分别为5.134(1.952~13.502)、4.754(1.849~12.220)和1.357(1.094~1.854)。结论环境有机氯农药暴露可能是胆囊结石病发生的危险因素。厦门市科技计划项目(3502Z20163006)；厦门市集美区科技计划项目(20142C01)；厦门大学校长基金(20720152012)

急性脑卒中患者的记忆障碍与肽类物质的关系

本实验对12例缺血性脑血管病(ICVD)患者及12例对照者和12例正常健康对照者进行了临床记忆量表检查,并测定了患者及对照者的CSF、VIP及SS含量。结果:(1) ICVD患者的记忆总分及MQ均显著低于两个对照组;分项测试中联想学习,图像自由回忆成绩亦显著降低。(2) ICVD患者CSF SS含量显著低于对照组。(3) ICVD患者CSF SS含量与MQ呈显著正相关。本结果提示ICVD患者有不同程度的记忆障碍,SS与记忆有关,测定CSF SS对患者记忆状况的判断有参考价值

Thirty Years of Regulatory Detailed Planning: Gains and Losses, and Prospects

吕传廷(中国城市规划学会理事,中国城市规划学会控规学术委员会主任委员,广州市城市规划编制研究中心主任,教授级高级工程师,本论坛主持人):非常高兴诸位嘉宾、代表参加由广州城市规划编制研究中心、深圳规划国土发展研究中心、重庆规划研究中心三家单位联合举办的"控制

南海中深层动力格局与演变机制研究进展

南海是连接印度洋-太平洋的最大边缘海,在季风、海峡水交换以及复杂地形影响下,南海环流呈现出独特的三层结构以及远强于大洋的混合特征.理论与观测表明,南海内潮、内孤立波以及强风等过程是强混合的动力来源.在南海强混合作用下,南海发育了活跃的中深层动力系统,一方面促进了南海与大洋之间的水体交换,另一方面调控上层风生环流,使得南海环流显著区别于其他热带与副热带海盆.南海活跃的中深层环流所具有的物质搬运能力又显著影响着南海的地质沉积、生物地球化学循环等过程.中国对深海研究持续投入,在南海中深层环流动力学研究方面取得了显著的成果,文章就该方面进行总结,并对南海深海环流未来研究设想进行初步探讨