Discussion on Mechanism Innovation of Energy-saving Environmental Protection Enterprises Bond Financing

在国家全面推进大气、水、土壤行动计划的情况下,节能环保产业将面临重要的发展机遇,同时也面临着拓宽融资渠道的挑战。本文将探讨在现有的债券融资框架下,如何对现有企业债券机制进行创新,以期为提高我国节能环保产业利用企业债券融资提供借鉴

Research on the Procurement Option of Public Sector Choosing Private Sector and Qualification of Watershed Integrated Management PPP Projects

首先分析流域综合治理PPP模式的难点,然后在收集已招标完成或处在前期采购阶段的29个案例基础上,从采购方式、PPP项目公司股权结构、对社会资本的要求以及是否接受联合体投标等四个方面进行分析。最后提出流域综合治理PPP模式宜采用竞争性磋商采购方式,政府应少量股权投入项目公司,对社会资本的要求应包括融资和专业能力等建议。First,analyzes the diffi culty of PPP model of watershed integrated management. Then,on the basis of collecting 29 cases that has been completed tender or in the procurement stage,carries out case analysis from four indicators of the procurement option,equity structure of PPP item company,the qualifi cation of private sector,and whether to accept the consortium tender. Last,puts forward relevant suggestions that applying PPP model of watershed integrated management should use competitive consultations,public sector as a minority equity coinvestor in future projects,requirements for social capital should include fi nancing and professional competence,and public sector should allow the consortium tender

Research on the Operating Management Mode of Government Guide Fund in Environmental Protection Area

本文基于国内已有的相关政府引导基金和环保基金的运行管理模式,经分析和比较提出适合中央和地方层面环保类引导基金的运行管理模式。除了要符合基金运作的一般规律,本文认为中央层面设立政府环保类引导基金适合契约制形式,引导基金内只有中央财政出资,按照母基金参股子基金的方式来运作,同时达到撬动社会资本和引入先进基金管理公司的目的;地方层面设立相应基金适合采用有限合伙制形式,直接吸引社会资本与政府共同建立引导基金,投资方式以直接投资为主、参股子基金为辅,可以发挥金融机构的融资优势和环保类专业机构的技术和经验优势。Based on the analysis of operation and management mode in the existing government guide funds or environmental funds in China, this paper proposed operating management mode of government duide fund in environmental protection area suit for the contral and local levels. Besides fitting with the general rules of fund operation, at the central government lever where the fund financing only from government budget, this paper argued that the structure of this fund should be chosen directly contract with the fund manager, then using funds of funds method, introducing social capital and advanced fund managers. At the local government lever, the fund financing from private sector and local government budget, usually private sector being the major investor. Limited partnership should be applied as the structure, and directly invested equity of company as the main option, the funds of funds way supplemented

Research on the Financing Structure Design and Policies Suggestion to Promoting Private Enterprise to Participate in Comprehensive Watershed Management PPP Model

结合当前政府相关金融创新的鼓励政策,设计出民营企业参与流域综合治理PPP项目的三种融资方案,并进行优劣势的比较,认为民营企业参与PPP项目的最重要障碍是自身信用和融资能力。在上述基础上,提出在可以授予特许经营权抵押融资的前提下,政府及金融机构应给予民营企业鼓励与政策支持,共同参与流域综合治理PPP项目。Combined with the relevant government finance incentives policies, this paper designs three financing options for private enterprise to participate in the comprehensive watershed management PPP project, compares the advantages and disadvantages, and shows that the most important obstacle to private enterprise to participate in PPP projects is the own credit and financing capacity. Then, proposes that under finance franchise mortgage, financial institutions should give private enterprises encouragerment and policy support, and joint participation in the integrated watershed management PPP project

dynamic configurable protocol design in mobile network

提出了一种新的解决方案,它通过扩展ICMP协议灵活地实现了协议层之间的事件传输通道.随后描述了为了获得这种动态适应性,应用程序和网络协议所做出的改动.最后针对最为流行的UDP和TCP协议详细介绍了实现步骤及关键技术

基于CPCI总线的高性能容错空间计算机系统设计研究

面向未来空间计算应用,研究了一种基于CPCI总线的HIP-FTSC(高性能容错空间计算机)系统,描述了系统体系结构设计,总结了其中的关键技术及实现途径,最后在该系统上对一种应用算法进行了实例化并分析了实验结果.中国计算机学

An Expectation Maximization based Adaptive Group Testing Method for Improving Efficiency and Sensitivity of Large-Scale Screening of COVID-19

The pathogen of the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a newly discovered virus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Testing individuals for SARS-CoV-2 plays a critical role in containing COVID-19. For saving medical personnel and consumables, many countries are implementing group testing against SARS-CoV-2. However, existing group testing methods have the following limitations: (1) The group size is determined without theoretical analysis, and hence is usually not optimal. This adversely impacts the screening efficiency. (2) These methods neglect the fact that mixing samples together usually leads to substantial dilution of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which seriously impacts the sensitivity of tests. In this paper, we aim to screen individuals infected with COVID-19 with as few tests as possible, under the premise that the sensitivity of tests is high enough. We propose an eXpectation Maximization based Adaptive Group Testing (XMAGT) method. The basic idea is to adaptively adjust its testing strategy between a group testing strategy and an individual testing strategy such that the expected number of samples identified by a single test is larger. During the screening process, the XMAGT method can estimate the ratio of positive samples. With this ratio, the XMAGT method can determine a group size under which the group testing strategy can achieve a maximal expected number of negative samples and the sensitivity of tests is higher than a user-specified threshold. Experimental results show that the XMAGT method outperforms existing methods in terms of both efficiency and sensitivity.</p

An Expectation Maximization based Adaptive Group Testing Method for Improving Efficiency and Sensitivity of Large-Scale Screening of COVID-19

The pathogen of the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a newly discovered virus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Testing individuals for SARS-CoV-2 plays a critical role in containing COVID-19. For saving medical personnel and consumables, many countries are implementing group testing against SARS-CoV-2. However, existing group testing methods have the following limitations: (1) The group size is determined without theoretical analysis, and hence is usually not optimal. This adversely impacts the screening efficiency. (2) These methods neglect the fact that mixing samples together usually leads to substantial dilution of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which seriously impacts the sensitivity of tests. In this paper, we aim to screen individuals infected with COVID-19 with as few tests as possible, under the premise that the sensitivity of tests is high enough. We propose an eXpectation Maximization based Adaptive Group Testing (XMAGT) method. The basic idea is to adaptively adjust its testing strategy between a group testing strategy and an individual testing strategy such that the expected number of samples identified by a single test is larger. During the screening process, the XMAGT method can estimate the ratio of positive samples. With this ratio, the XMAGT method can determine a group size under which the group testing strategy can achieve a maximal expected number of negative samples and the sensitivity of tests is higher than a user-specified threshold. Experimental results show that the XMAGT method outperforms existing methods in terms of both efficiency and sensitivity.</p

JUNO Sensitivity on Proton Decay p→νˉK+p\to \bar\nu K^+ Searches

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this paper, the potential on searching for proton decay in $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ mode with JUNO is investigated.The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreover, the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits to suppress the sizable background caused by other delayed signals. Based on these advantages, the detection efficiency for the proton decay via $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ is 36.9% with a background level of 0.2 events after 10 years of data taking. The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years exposure is $9.6 \times 10^{33}$ years, competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel

JUNO sensitivity on proton decay p → ν K + searches*

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this study, the potential of searching for proton decay in the $p\to \bar{\nu} K^+$ mode with JUNO is investigated. The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreover, the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits suppression of the sizable background caused by other delayed signals. Based on these advantages, the detection efficiency for the proton decay via $p\to \bar{\nu} K^+$ is 36.9% ± 4.9% with a background level of $0.2\pm 0.05({\rm syst})\pm$$0.2({\rm stat})$ events after 10 years of data collection. The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years of exposure is $9.6 \times 10^{33}$ years, which is competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel and complements the use of different detection technologies