Other Spaces in Legal Pedagogy

There is an increasing focus upon the material and metaphoric spatial dimensions of various academic disciplines, including law. This essay considers the spatial dimensions of legal pedagogy, focusing on Critical Race Theory (CRT). The essay first explains the critical program in law and how CRT grows out of it. The essay then suggests that the critical program, and especially CRT, is as much a human geographic or spatial construct as it is a social, political or historic one, and briefly describes the nature of human geography and legal geography. It next considers how metaphors for understanding CRT\u27s position in legal pedagogy are found in some of Foucault\u27s work on geography. In Des Espaces Autres ( Other Spaces ), Foucault argues that there are three distinct social spaces in society: real spaces, utopias, and heterotopias. What unites them, Foucault suggests, is a space that includes elements of all of these spaces, a space that he calls the mirror. Applying this frame, this essay posits that CRT, both the explicit courses on the topic and the discipline itself, should be re-mapped , that is, barriers to its inclusion in the broader legal pedagogy should be eliminated. In this way, CRT can function as a Foucauldian mirror rather than a heterotopia in legal pedagogy

抗菌药物对Hp感染胃溃疡患者血清胃蛋白酶原水平的影响

目的 探讨抗菌药物对幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染胃溃疡患者血清中胃蛋白酶原水平的影响及治疗效果。方法选取厦门大学附属第一医院2015年10月—2016年9月收治并确诊Hp阳性胃溃疡患者86例,随机分为对照组(奥美拉唑治疗)和观察组(奥美拉唑和阿莫西林联合治疗),每组43例,比较两组治疗前后的血清胃蛋白酶原Ⅰ(PGⅠ)、PGⅡ水平,并观察两组的治疗效果。结果 两组治疗前的血清PGⅠ、PGⅡ水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后两组患者的血清PGⅠ、PGⅡ水平明显下降,其中观察组PGⅠ、PGⅡ水平分别为(137.10±12.27)μg/L、(8.69±1.09)μg/L,明显低于对照组(P<0.05),同时观察组患者的治疗总有效率为95.35%,显著高于对照组的74.42%(P<0.05)。结论 抗菌药物治疗Hp感染胃溃疡患者具有更好的疗效,并可有效的降低血清中PGⅠ、PGⅡ的水平

Therapeutic effects comparison between platelet-rich plasma and sodium hyaluronate intra-articular injection in treatment of knee osteoarthritis

目的关节腔内注射自体富血小板血浆（PRP）与透明质酸钠（SH）,观察并比较其疗效。方法于2012年2月至12月,漳州市解放军第175医院骨科收治的81例Kellgren-Lawrence（KL）分级标准为Ⅱ、Ⅲ级膝关节骨关节炎的患者,年龄48～60岁,平均（52.6±3.6）岁;男性27例,女性53例;左膝38例,右膝43例。K-L分级标准,Ⅱ级47例,Ⅲ级34例,按就诊顺序序贯随机平行分为SH组（40例）和PRP组（41例）,分别采用SH和PRP关节腔内注射进行治疗。治疗前和治疗后3、6、9、12个月对患者进行随访并进行美国西部Ontario与Mc Master大学骨关节炎指数（WOMAC）评分评估,两组间各时间点WOMAC评分比较采用t检验,两组内各时间点WOMAC评分比较采用重复测量方差分析;分别于治疗前和治疗后12个月进行膝关节磁共振检查,评价关节腔内积液的吸收情况。结果治疗前及治疗后3个月PRP组WOMAC评分[（48.42±4.95）分,（25.38±5.12）分]和SH组[（47.17±5.12）分,（25.17±5.09）分]比较,t值分别为-0.625和0.413,差异无统计学意义（P均〉0.05）;治疗后6、9、12个月PRP组WOMAC评分[（21.44±4.73）分,（20.54±4.46）分,（16.53±7.35）分]和SH组[（25.87±5.16）分,（27.22±4.21）分,（29.63±8.21）分]比较,PRP组低于SH组,t值分别为-2.765、-3.447和-4.657,差异具有统计学意义（P均〈0.05）,治疗后12个月复查磁共振,可见PRP组的关节积液吸收例数高于SH组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论膝关节腔内注射自体PRP,临床效果优于透明质酸钠,中长期疗效好。Objective To compare the efficacy of platelet rich plasma （PRP） and sodium hyaluronate （SH） intra-articular injection in the patients with knee osteoarthritis of grade Ⅱand Ⅲ. Methods A total of 81 patients with knee osteoarthritis of grade Ⅱ and Ⅲ （ Kellgren-Lawrence standard） were randomly assigned to the PRP and SH group. All 81 patients were treated in the 175th hospital of PLA, Zhangzhon, with the average age of （52.6 ± 3.6） years. There were 27 males and 53 females. Forty cases in SH group and 41 cases in PRP group had got the complete follow-up. Both the two groups adopted 4 ml of 5% lidocaine for intra-articular injection. All the patients were prospectively evaluated before the treatment and at the 34 , 6th , 9th and 12th month after the treatment by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities （WOMAC） osteoarthritis index. The swelling subsiding knee was observed. Between the two groups WOMAC scores were compared using t test at each time point, within the groups the scores were compared by repeated measures analysis of variance. The absorption of accumulated fluid in the joint cavity was observed and compared by MRI before and 12 months after the treatment. Results No serious adverse event was detected in the two groups. According to the follow-up evaluations, both the groups presented clinical improvements. The comparison between the two groups showed no statistically significant difference before therapy and three months after the treatment （ t =- 0. 625, 0. 413, P 〉 0. 05 ）. Six months, nine months and 12 months after the treatment, WOMAC score in the PRP group[ （21.44 ±4. 73）, （20. 54 ± 4. 46） ,（16. 53 ± 7. 35 ） pointsl were lower than the SH group[（25.87 ±5.16）, （27.22 ±4.21）, （29. 63 ± 8.21 ） points] ; the difference was statistically signifieant（ t = - 2. 765, - 3. 447, - 4. 657, P 〈 0. 05 ）. Conclusion PRP intra-artieular injection in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis of gradeⅡ and Ⅲ may be more suitable compared to南京军区医学科技创新重点课题项目（15ZD027

N-(二茂铁酰胺基)硫脲类阴离子受体

我们将N-(苯甲酰胺基)硫脲类阴离子识别受体研究拓展至N-(二茂铁酰胺基)硫脲,设计合成了N-(二茂铁甲酰胺基)-N'-(取代苯基)硫脲(3a～3e,取代基X=p-OCH3,p-CH3,H,m-Br,m-CF3),其中二茂铁基系芳香性的电化学活性基团、“—NH—”为连接臂.研究的目的是进一步理解“—NH—”连接臂的特性和3a～3e作为阴离子的电化学响应受体的可行性.我们发现,3a～3e分子中的N'-苯环取代基不影响其半波电位(0.31Vvs.Ag/AgNO3);二茂铁环芳香质子和酰胺基—NH质子的核磁化学位移不受取代基的影响,而N'-苯基芳香质子和硫脲—NH质子的化学位移显著地受制于取代基;说明受体3分子中酰肼基N—N单键高度扭曲,阻碍了N'-苯环取代基电子效应传递至二茂铁基.我们观察到乙腈中3的氧化电位因阴离子如CH3CO-2和F-的结合负移200mV,二茂铁基芳香质子的化学位移向高场移动,意味着阴离子结合诱导了受体3分子中酰肼基N—N单键构型变化,使阴离子结合信息得以传递至二茂铁环.吸收光谱滴定实验表明,乙腈中3a～3e与阴离子结合时在约315nm处出现新的吸收峰,光谱红移达5820cm-1,阴离子如CH3CO-2和F-的结合常数在106mol-1?L,均远高于传统的二苯基硫脲类受体(1);我们还发现,尽管1和3a～3e分子中硫脲—NH质子酸性对取代基的依赖性相近,3a～3e之阴离子结合常数的取代基效应强于1.我们认为,这是由于N—N键的变构作用导致3a～3e的吸收光谱红移、阴离子结合常数和阴离子结合常数的取代基效应远高于传统的N,N'-二苯基硫脲类受体,因而体现了“—NH—”连接臂的独特性质

Polishing of Laser Lift-off-Induced GaN Surface

激光剥离(llO)技术是研制新型氮化镓(gAn)基谐振腔结构光电子器件的关键技术。然而llO后的gAn表面往往具有较大的粗糙度,而制作谐振腔结构器件需要很高的表面平整度,因此需要对llO后的gAn表面进行抛光。分别采用金刚石粉抛光液和胶粒二氧化硅抛光液进行机械抛光和化学机械抛光(CMP),并对比了两种方法获得的抛光结果,研究发现前者会在抛光后的gAn表面引入划痕,而采用后者可以得到亚纳米级平整度的表面。进一步的实验结果表明,胶粒二氧化硅抛光液同样适用于图形化衬底外延片激光剥离后的gAn表面抛光。Laser lift-off( LLO) is a key technology in development of new GaN-based resonant-cavity optoelectronic devices.For cavity-dependent devices,a smooth surface is highly required.However,the GaN surface after LLO is usually rough,and the polishing is necessary.The mechanical polishing of diamond powder and the chemical mechanical polishing of colloidal silica were compared.It is found that diamond powder leads to scratches on the GaN surface whereas colloidal silica leads to smooth surface with sub-nanometer roughness.The experiment results indicate that polishing with colloidal silica solutions can be applied to smoothen the LLO-produced GaN surface from an epitaxial wafer grown on patterned-sapphire substrate.国家自然科学基金资助项目(61274052;61106044); 中国科学院纳米器件与应用重点实验室开放课题资助项目(14ZS02

Medication rules in the treatment of digestive system neoplasms of WANG Yan-hui

目的:基于中医传承辅助平台软件,分析王彦晖教授治疗消化系统肿瘤的用药规律。方法:收集并筛选王教授于厦门燕来福国医堂治疗消化系统肿瘤病案,录入中医; 传承辅助平台软件,运用软件集成的数据分析方法,分析王教授治疗消化系统肿瘤的用药规律。结果:筛选出治疗消化系统肿瘤处方672首,分析得出其治疗消化; 系统肿瘤常用药物包括茯苓、陈皮、姜半夏、莪术、三棱、党参、白术、龙骨、牡蛎等,并演化出4首治疗消化系统肿瘤的新处方。结论:王教授治疗消化系统肿瘤; 以益气健脾、理气化痰、祛瘀散结为基本大法,扶正祛邪并重,同时根据闽南地区脾虚湿盛的致病特点重视健脾袪湿治法,并兼顾安神、止痛等治法以综合调理患者; 的机体状态。Objective: To study the medication rules in the treatment of digestive; system neoplasms of professor WANG Yan-hui using the traditional Chinese; medicine inheritance support system software (TCMISS, V2.5). Methods:; The prescriptions used by professor WANG Yan-hui in treating digestive; system neoplasms at the Yan-Lai-Fu Chinese Medicine Clinic were; collected as input data into TCMISS and were analyzed by software; integration method. Results: Totally of 672 prescriptions were selected; according to the collection standard in digestive system neoplasms; treatment. It was found that the most frequently used Chinese medicine; in these prescriptions including Tuckahoe, Pericarpium Citri; Reticulatae, Pinellia Tuber, Rhioxma Curcumae Aeruginosae, Rhizome of; Common Burreed, Root of Pilose Asiabell, Rhizome of Largehead; Atractylodes, Fossilizid, Oyster Shell, and so on. Furthermore, four new; prescriptions for treating digestive system neoplasms were created.; Conclusion: The core rules of professor WANG Yan-hui in treating; digestive system neoplasms were invigorating spleen and replenishing qi,; regulating qi-flowing for eliminating phlegm and dispelling stasis and; resolving hard mass, which means that strengthening vital qi and; eliminating pathogenic factor are equally emphasized in his; prescriptions. Besides, taking into consideration the climate; characteristics of the southern Fujian, professor WANG Yan-hui attaches; importance to invigorating spleen for eliminating dampness, combining; with tranquillization and relieving pain to treating patients; comprehensively.国家自然科学基金项目; 教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划; 福建省自然科学基金项目; 厦门市科技计划项

一种调查水库鱼类资源的抬网装置

一种调查水库鱼类资源的抬网装置，包括一方形的渔网，在渔网的四个边角上分别设有一根拉网绳，在每根拉网绳的附近都安置有一根支撑杆，在支撑杆上安装有上滑轮和定线环，在其中一侧的两根支撑杆上还设有下滑轮，所述拉网绳位于定线环内，在支撑杆的一侧还安置有收线轮，所述收线轮具有一个直径较大的大滚柱和一个直径较小的小滚柱，在收线轮的端面上还安装有把手，在收线轮的下方设有支撑架，所述收线轮轴连接在支撑架内，本实用新型可以主动将鱼捕捉起来后，选择性的对鱼进行研究，不会让鱼在网内停留过长时间，而且本实用新型操作简单，省时省力，不会给鱼带来额外的伤害。</p

Effects of transfection with acidic fibroblast growth factor by electroporation on skeletal muscle satellite cells

背景:课题组早期研究表明体外一定剂量酸性成纤维细胞生长因子对骨骼肌卫星细胞增殖有促进作用。目的:进一步验证电穿孔转染酸性成纤维细胞生长因子基因对骨骼肌卫星细胞生长、增殖及分化的影响。方法:原代培养、纯化骨骼肌卫星细胞,将带有酸性成纤维细胞生长因子基因的质粒P SECTAg-gfP-A fgf通过电转染的方法转染大鼠骨骼肌卫星细胞,荧光显微镜观察绿色荧光蛋白的表达情况并计算转染率,以流式细胞仪分析转染后细胞周期,绘制细胞生长曲线,观察转染后肌管形成情况,WESTErn blOTIng检测酸性成纤维细胞生长因子基因的表达。结果与结论:1免疫细胞化学检测:骨骼肌肌动蛋白呈阳性表达。2转染效率:P SECTAg-A fgf质粒电转染12 H后即可看见散在发绿色荧光的卫星细胞,72-96 H达高峰,阳性表达率约90%。3细胞周期检测:电转染后S期所占的百分比明显多于未转染对照组(P<0.05)。4细胞生长曲线检测:电转染细胞接种后第3天进入对数生长期,第5天后开始减少。5分化能力观察:电转染组肌管较未转染对照组明显减少,老化细胞较少。6WESTErn-blOT:酸性成纤维细胞生长因子基因在转染骨骼肌卫星细胞中表达。结果表明,通过电穿孔法可以将酸性成纤维细胞生长因子基因转染进骨骼肌卫星细胞并获得高效持久的表达,并有促进骨骼肌卫星细胞增殖及抑制分化为肌管的作用。BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that a certain dose of acidic fibroblast growth factor can promote skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation in vitro.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of transfection with acidic fibroblast growth factor by electroporation on growth, proliferation and differentiation of skeletal muscle satellite cells.METHODS: Skeletal muscle satellite cells were cultured and purified, and then transfected with plasmid p Sectag-GFP-a FGF by electroporation.The expression of green fluorescent protein was observed under fluorescence microscope, and the transfection efficiency was calculated.After transfection, cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry to draw the growth curve of skeletal muscle satellite cells.Western blot assay was employed to measure protein level of acidic fibroblast growth factor.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Immunocytochemistry detection: The skeletal muscle satellite cells were positive for a-sarcomeric actin.(2) Transfection efficiency: At 12 hours after transfection with p Sectag-a FGF, several cells showed green fluorescence, and the green fluorescent expression reached the peak at 72-96 hours after transfection with a positive rate of about 90%.(3) Cell cycle: After electrotransfection, the proportion of cells at S phase in the electroporation group was higher than that in the control group(P < 0.05).(4) Cell growth curve: At 3 days after electrotransfection, the cells entered logarithmic growth phase but the proliferation slowed down at 5 days.(5) Differentiation capacity: There were fewer myotubes and aging cells in the electroporation group than the control group.(6) Western blot assay: Acidic fibroblast growth factor protein was highly expressed in the cells transfected with target gene detected by western blot assay.These findings indicate that by using electroporation method, acidic fibroblast growth factor can be transferred into skeletal muscle satellite cells and have a high-efficiency and long-term expression, which can promote the proliferation of skeletal muscle satellite cells and inhibit formation of myotubes

SDF-1α/CXCR4信号通路对轴向应力刺激促进骨再生中影响的实验研究

目的 通过轴向应力刺激促进骨再生,观察基质细胞衍生因子1α/趋化因子CXC亚族受体4(stromal cell-derived-factor-1α/cysteine X cysteine receptor 4,SDF-1α/CXCR4)信号通路变化,探讨轴向应力刺激促进骨再生的机制。方法 取72只雄性新西兰大白兔,于右后肢胫骨近端内侧制备直径8 mm圆形皮质骨缺损并脱蛋白松质骨支架修复模型后,随机分为3组(n=24)。A组腹腔注射PBS,B组术肢给予应力刺激治疗+腹腔注射PBS,C组术肢给予应力刺激治疗+腹腔注射CXCR4拮抗剂(AMD3100)。术后2、4、8、12周,摄X线片并采用Lane-SandhuX线评分标准评价骨愈合情况,取标本行HE染色观察新生骨组织及支架降解,免疫组织化学染色观察VEGF、CXCR4表达水平;4、8周取标本Western blot检测SDF-1α及CXCR4蛋白表达水平。12周行Micro-CT检查,计算新生骨体积及新生骨密度。结果 X线片检查示,除术后2周各组骨缺损区及支架无明显变化外,4、8及12周时B组骨愈合评分均优于A、C组(P<0.05)。12周时Micro-CT扫描可见B组骨缺损修复、髓腔再通,新生骨体积及骨密度均高于A、C组(P<0.05)。HE染色显示,术后4周开始B组骨再生及支架降解均明显快于A、C组。免疫组织化学染色示,各组VEGF及CXCR4阳性表达均在4周时达峰值;各时间点B组VEGF及CXCR4表达量均显著高于A、C组(P<0.05)。Western blot检测显示,4、8周时B组SDF-1α与CXCR4表达量均显著高于A、C组(P<0.05)。结论 轴向应力刺激促进骨再生可能与其促进骨缺损区组织高表达SDF-1α,激活与其下游调控BMSCs募集的CXCR4信号有关