Research on Japanese Lay Judge System

本文从理论与实践相结合的角度切入，对日本陪审制度历史发展进行梳理，对日本现行裁判员法的具体内容进行分析，同时对比我国当下的人民陪审员制度的现状，以探讨我国国情的人民参与司法的借鉴。本文所采用文献分析、数据导览以及比较的方法。本文主要分为五章: 第一章梳理日本司法民主化的历史进程，并将其作为现行日本裁判员法施行的历史背景。通过了解日本从明治维新开始初步尝试、到大正时代的陪审制度正式引进以及战后的再启动，最终理解现行裁判员法一脉相传的精神。 第二章对日本裁判员法中的具体制度和主要内容进行介绍。主要从裁判员法的制定过程、裁判员制度的适用范围、裁判员的职权与义务、裁判员的任职资格、裁判员的选任和解...This thesis, from the prespective of combining theory and practice, teases the historical path of Japanese jury system, elaborates the specific content of the current lay judge law in Japan, compares the present situation of the current people’s jury system in China, and strives to find the way of people’s participation in judicature, which is conformable to Chinese condition. This thesis uses met...学位：法学硕士院系专业：法学院_法律史学号：1362015115091

Focus facula measurement in graphene preparation by laser chemical vapor deposition

激光化学气相沉积(Laser Chemical Vapor; Deposition,LCVD)石墨烯制备受聚焦光斑影响很大。实时检测光斑,可实现石墨烯LCVD; 法可控制备。设计聚焦光斑测量光学系统,提出一种基于圆拟合的改进算法检测光斑中心和半径,计算、标定光斑面积。该方法在圆拟合基础上加入了二值化、形态; 学处理及连通性判别等预处理方法。实验表明,该方法测得圆心位置与真值误差平均为5. 58 pixel,光斑面积与真值误差平均为1. 93 *; 10~(-9) m~2,优于传统的重心法和霍夫检测法,具有较快的计算速度和检测精度,可实现LCVD; 法制备石墨烯实验中聚焦光斑的非接触式测量,且对其他激光加工工艺的质量控制有借鉴意义。The preparation of graphene by laser chemical vapor deposition(LCVD) is; highly affected by the focal spot. Real-time measurement of light spot; can be realized controllable preparation of graphene by LCVD method. The; measuring optical system of focal facula was designed,and an improved; method based on circle fitting method was presented to detect center and; radius of focal spot, then focal spot area was calculated and; calibrated. This method introduces some pretreatment methods, such as; binaryzation,morphology processing, connectivity discrimination.; Experiments show that the measured center position has average error of; 5. 58 pixel with true value, spot area has average error of with true; value. It is better than the traditional gravity method and Hough; algorithm and has faster computing speed and precision,which can realize; non-contact measurement of the focus facula, and this study is of; significance for quality control of other laser processing technology.国家自然科学基金项目; 福建省科技计划重大专

智能网的多微机并行推理系统的研究

智能网络(intellegent network,IN)是计算机网络研究领域的一个新方向, 它要求计算机网络能够提供“ 操作 智能化”和“ 服务智能化” 。 A1型IN是由智能工作站(Intellgent workstation,IW)构成的智能网络 。 本文以中日国际合 作开发研究的A1型为背景, 重点讨论IW的多微机并行推理系统MMPIS的设计与实现航天基金资

A Study on Anxiety Characteristics and Its Influencing Factors in Children Left in Rural Areas

目的:了解农村留守儿童焦虑的特点并探讨其影响因素。方法:对取自重庆、贵州两地乡镇的667名中小学生(包括留守及非留守儿童)进行焦虑水平及相关因素的调查。结果:农村留守儿童在状态焦虑水平上要明显地高于父母均在家的儿童,而两者在特质焦虑上没有显著的差异。同时,农村留守儿童个体焦虑水平之间存在着一定差异。首先,父母离开时,儿童的年龄越小,留守儿童的焦虑水平越高。其次,父母与留守儿童的联系频次对其焦虑水平也有重要的影响。结论:父母在儿童的早期最好避免与其长期分离,外出打工后要尽量加强与孩子的联系,将有助于缓解留守儿童的焦虑情绪。</p

2008-2015年江苏省阜宁县居民恶性肿瘤死亡与减寿分析

随着经济的不断发展,生活习惯的改变和老龄化的加剧,我国疾病谱已发生了重要变化,慢性非传染病,尤其是恶性肿瘤已经成为影响居民健康的重要原因。近年来我国恶性肿瘤死亡率持续上升,已经成为居民死亡的主要原因[1]。江苏省是全国恶性肿瘤高发省份之一,恶性肿瘤死亡率高于全国平均水平[2]。为探讨恶性肿瘤对江苏省阜宁县居民健康和减寿的影响,本文对2008-2015年江苏省阜宁县居民恶性肿瘤国家自然科学基金(U1405221);;福建省科技重大专项(2015Y0051

Room-temperature quantum interference in single perovskite quantum dot junctions

钙钛矿材料由于其高量子产率、载流子迁移率和独特的光致发光特性而在光电材料领域存在诸多潜在的重要应用。研究钙钛矿材料在纳米尺度下电荷输运的独特尺寸效应对钙钛矿光电器件的设计和开发具有重要的指导意义。洪文晶教授课题组基于机械可控裂结技术自主研发了具有皮米级位移调控灵敏度和飞安级电学测量精度的精密科学仪器，对南开大学李跃龙副教授团队合成的钙钛矿量子点进行了深入表征，研究工作成功将量子干涉的研究体系拓展至在光电领域具有重要应用的钙钛矿材料领域，为未来制备基于量子干涉效应的新型钙钛矿器件提供了一种全新的思路。 这一跨学科国际合作研究工作是在化学化工学院洪文晶教授、英国Lancaster 大学物理系Colin J. Lambert教授以及南开大学电子信息与光电工程学院李跃龙副教授的共同指导下完成的。化工系硕士研究生郑海宁、Lancaster University大学Songjun Hou博士、南开大学硕士研究生辛晨光为论文第一作者。博士后林禄春，博士研究生谭志冰、郑珏婷，硕士研究生蒋枫、张珑漪，本科生何文翔、李庆民等参与了论文的研究工作。刘俊扬特任副研究员、师佳副教授和萨本栋微纳米研究院杨扬副教授也参与了部分指导工作。The studies of quantum interference effects through bulk perovskite materials at the Ångstrom scale still remain as a major challenge. Herein, we provide the observation of roomtemperature quantum interference effects in metal halide perovskite quantum dots (QDs) using the mechanically controllable break junction technique. Single-QD conductance measurements reveal that there are multiple conductance peaks for the CH3NH3PbBr3 and CH3NH3PbBr2.15Cl0.85 QDs, whose displacement distributions match the lattice constant of QDs, suggesting that the gold electrodes slide through different lattice sites of the QD via Auhalogen coupling. We also observe a distinct conductance ‘jump’ at the end of the sliding process, which is further evidence that quantum interference effects dominate charge transport in these single-QD junctions. This conductance ‘jump’ is also confirmed by our theoretical calculations utilizing density functional theory combined with quantum transport theory. Our measurements and theory create a pathway to exploit quantum interference effects in quantum-controlled perovskite materials.This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFA0204902, 2014DFE60170, 2018YFB1500105), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21673195, 21503179, 21490573, 61674084, 61874167), the Open Fund of the Key Laboratory of Optical Information Science & Technology (Nankai University) of China, the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (63181321, 63191414, 96173224), and the 111 Project (B16027), the Tianjin Natural Science Foundation (17JCYBJC41400), FET Open project 767187—QuIET, the EU project BAC-TO-FUEL and the UK EPSRC projects EP/N017188/1, EP/M014452/1. 该工作得到国家重点研发计划课题（2017YFA0204902）、国家自然科学基金（21673195、21503179、21490573）、厦门大学“人工智能分析引擎”双一流重大专项等项目的资助，也得到了固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室、能源材料化学协同创新中心的支持

Transition from tunneling leakage current to molecular tunneling in single-molecule junctions

数十年来，半导体工业一直遵循基于“摩尔定律”所设定的发展蓝图，逐步提升集成电路芯片上晶体管的集成度和运行速度，减小器件尺寸。为探索这一尺寸极限，课题组基于机械可控裂结技术自主开发了具有飞安级电学测量和亚纳米级位移控制灵敏度的科学仪器，在国际上首次获取了一系列具有不同重复单元的寡聚苯乙炔类分子电导随电极间距的演变关系，并发现随着电极间距的缩小，器件电输运由通过分子器件电流占主导逐步转变到由隧穿漏电流占主导。对于本研究中具有最小尺寸的寡聚苯乙炔分子器件，其由于隧穿漏电流所制约的尺寸极限可小至0.66 nm，预示了有机分子器件在未来电子器件小型化方面具有重要的应用潜力。 这一研究工作是在化学化工学院洪文晶教授、萨本栋微纳研究院杨扬助理教授以及英国Durham University的MartinR. Bryce教授共同指导下完成的。能源材料化学协同创新中心iChEM Fellow刘俊扬博士为论文第一作者，博士研究生郑珏婷、李瑞豪和硕士研究生黄晓艳、唐永翔、皮九婵、本科生王飞等参与了研究工作。田中群教授、毛秉伟教授和师佳副教授为论文工作提供了重要指导。【Abstract】The tunneling leakage current will be a major quantum obstacle during miniaturization in the semiconductor industry down to the scale of several nanometers. At this scale, to promote charge transport and overcome the tunneling leakage current between the source and drain terminals, molecular electronic junctions offer opportunities by inserting molecules between these two electrodes. Employing a series of oligo(aryleneethynylene) (OAE) molecules, here we investigate the transition from tunneling leakage current to molecular tunneling in the single-molecule devices using mechanically controllable break junction (MCBJ) technique, and the transition distances of the OAE molecular junctions were determined and even down to 0.66 nm for OAE2 molecular junction, which demonstrates that the intrinsic charge transport properties of a single-molecule device can be outstripped from the tunneling leakage current. Consequently, molecular electronic devices show the potential to push the ultimate limit of miniaturization to the scale of several angstroms.This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFA0204902). This work was also generously supported by the Young Thousand Talent Project of China, the EC FP7 ITN “MOLESCO” project number 606728, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (nos. 21703188, 21673195, 21503179), and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2017M622060). 该工作获得科技部国家重点研发计划课题（2017YFA0204902），国家自然科学基金委（21673195、21703188、21503179）以及中国博士后科学基金（2017M622060）等项目的资助，也得到了固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室、能源材料化学协同创新中心的支持

Electric-field-induced selective catalysis of single-molecule reaction

随着单分子电学检测技术的迅速发展，分子电子学的研究不再局限于分子电子学器件的构筑及其电学性质的测量，而且扩展到单分子尺度化学反应过程的探索。然而目前相关的研究仍然局限于理论计算方面，在单分子尺度上实时监测和调控化学反应的活性和选择性是化学领域的长期目标和挑战。针对这一挑战，洪文晶教授课题组与程俊教授课题组合作，自主研发了精密科学仪器，将单个有机分子定向连接在两个末端尺寸为原子级的电极之间，解决了化学反应中分子取向控制的问题.理论计算结果证实了定向电场可以有效地稳定化学反应的过渡态，从而降低反应能垒。该研究工作在化学化工学院洪文晶教授、程俊教授、能源材料化学协同创新中心（iChEM）刘俊扬副研究员的共同指导下完成，由硕士研究生黄晓艳、iChEM博士研究生唐淳、博士研究生李洁琼以及兰州大学的陈力川博士作为共同第一作者，化学化工学院师佳副教授、陈招斌高级工程师、夏海平教授和田中群教授，萨本栋微纳研究院杨扬副教授、环境与生态学院白敏冬教授以及兰州大学张浩力教授参与了研究工作的讨论并给予指导，博士后乐家波、博士研究生郑珏婷、张佩（已毕业）、李瑞豪、李晓慧也参与了研究工作。Oriented external electric fields (OEEFs) offer a unique chance to tune catalytic selectivity by orienting the alignment of the electric field along the axis of the activated bond for a specific chemical reaction; however, they remain a key experimental challenge. Here, we experimentally and theoretically investigated the OEEF-induced selective catalysis in a two-step cascade reaction of the Diels-Alder addition followed by an aromatization process. Characterized by the mechanically controllable break junction (MCBJ) technique in the nanogap and confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in bottles, OEEFs are found to selectively catalyze the aromatization reaction by one order of magnitude owing to the alignment of the electric field on the reaction axis. Meanwhile, the Diels-Alder reaction remained unchanged since its reaction axis is orthogonal to the electric fields. This orientation-selective catalytic effect of OEEFs reveals that chemical reactions can be selectively manipulated through the elegant alignment between the electric fields and the reaction axis.This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFA0204902), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21722305, 21703188, 21673195, 21621091, 51733004, 51525303, and 91745103), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2017M622060), and the Young Thousand Talents Project of China. 该工作得到国家自然科学基金委（21722305、21703188、21673195、51733004、51525303、91745103），国家重点研发计划课题（2017YFA0204902），中国博士后面上基金（2017M622060）的资助，以及固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室、醇醚酯化工清洁生产国家工程实验室、能源材料化学协同创新中心的支持