高超声速飞行器多约束再入轨迹快速优化

针对高超声速飞行器再入过程中面临测控区和绕飞区的再入轨迹设计问题,提出了一种基于Gauss伪谱法(GPM)的分段轨迹优化策略。将轨迹优化的一般最优控制问题转换为多段最优控制问题,进而将各段轨迹按Gauss伪谱方法进行离散化,将连续多段最优控制问题转换为非线性规划问题(NLP)进行求解。所得再入轨迹能够使得飞行器在满足各种约束条件的情况下成功进入测控区并且有效规避绕飞区,最终到达指定点。此外,本文综合考虑飞行器再入飞行的快速性和工程实用性,并提出了再入时间、弹道倾角以及航向角相关指标的加权性能指标,同时保证了轨迹规划快速、再入轨迹平滑以及控制量变化平缓等实际需求,提高了计算效率。仿真结果表明,本文所提出的分段优化方案能够快速规划出适应不同飞行任务的再入轨迹

Electrochemical Properties of Tungstogermanate and Electrocatalysis of H2O2 on GeW11Co/P-oPD/GC Electrode

本文探索了杂多酸-钴取代的三聚Keggin结构锗钨酸盐([Co(H2O)3(α-GeW11CoO38)3]10-)的电化学性能，实验表明，玻碳(GC)电极上锗钨酸盐循环伏安曲线有两对可逆的氧化还原峰，峰电位差分别为31 mV和35 mV，分别对应于2电子4质子和2电子3质子电极反应过程，且该过程受吸附控制.通过电聚合将GeW11Co修饰于聚邻苯二胺（P-oPD/GC）电极上，制得GeW11Co/P-oPD/GC电极.研究表明，该电极对过氧化氢（H2O2）的还原有良好的电催化作用，其制作简便、性能稳定，响应快速.The electrochemical properties of Co-substituted trimeric tungstogermanate containing Keggin fragments were studied. Cyclic voltammograms revealed two couples of reversible redox peaks on glassy carbon (GC) electrode in acid solutions. They corresponded to two-electron reductions accompanying by the additions of four protons and three protons, respectively, both were controlled by adsorption. The differences in the peak potentials of 2-electron-4-proton and 2-electron-3-proton reactions were 31 mV and 35 mV, respectively..Furthermore, the tungstogermanate (GeW11Co) modified GC electrode with functionalization by poly(o-phenylenediamine) (P-oPD) was prepared readily by electropolymerization. The GeW11Co/P-oPD/GC electrode could electrocatalyze the reduction of hydrogen peroxide, which showed good stability and quick response.作者联系地址：河南大学 化学化工学院，环境与分析科学研究所，河南 开封 475004Author's Address: Institute of Environmental and Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China通讯作者E-mail：[email protected]