行政による都市貧困層への支援政策

博士(公共政策学)法政大学 (Hosei University

The Current Status and Problems of Staff System in Welfare Office

社会保障制度のひとつである生活保護法は，1950（昭和25）年に成立し，日本におけるセーフティネットとして重要な役割を果たしてきた。主な受給者層は加齢，傷病，失業等によって収入が減少した世帯である。近年，高齢化や社会構造の変化により収入が最低生活水準を下回る世帯が増加し，その結果，保護受給世帯は過去最多 １ となっている。生活保護法の目的は憲法で規定された生存権の保障と自立の助長である。しかしながら成立後60年以上が経過しており，現代の生活困窮者に本制度を適用しようとした時，そこには矛盾や限界が発生するようになってしまった。本稿においては，生活保護制度を概観したうえで，現状における課題を抽出し改善するべきところについて，法制度の面から，そして制度を運用する職員の専門性の観点から論じることとした。なお，社会保障の財源は限られており，大幅な予算増を伴う改善策の提示は現実的ではないという判断から現状の枠組みを効果的に組み替えるとともに公共政策を担う行政機関の守備範囲を考察し，既存の社会資源を有効に活用することも問題解決に向けての重要な要素であることを確認した。The Public Assistance Act, enforced in 1950, is one of the social security systems and has been fulfilling the important role as a safety net in Japan. The main recipient class is a household with decreased income by older age, injury/sickness or unemployment. In recent years, since the number of households with below minimum living standard has been increasing due to aging society and change of social structure, the number of household for social security recipient reaches a record-high as the result. The purpose of the Public Assistance Act is to guarantee the individual right to live prescribed in the constitution and to assist the individual self-sustainability. However, over 60 years have been passed after the enforcement, and when we attempt to apply this system to the current needy people, the result would be contradiction and limitation occurred in the circumstance. In this article, with overview of the Public Assistance Act, we discuss the issues from an aspect of the legal institution and a viewpoint of official’s expertise in charge of this system by extracting and improving the issues in the current situation. In addition, with the premise of the limited financial resource for social security and the unreality to demand a large budget increase, we discussed the enforcement range of the government agency for public policy as well as the efficient rearrangement of the current framework, and then successfully confirmed the important factors for the resolution to use the present social resources effectively

Observation results by the TAMA300 detector on gravitational wave bursts from stellar-core collapses

We present data-analysis schemes and results of observations with the TAMA300 gravitational-wave detector, targeting burst signals from stellar-core collapse events. In analyses for burst gravitational waves, the detection and fake-reduction schemes are different from well-investigated ones for a chirp-wave analysis, because precise waveform templates are not available. We used an excess-power filter for the extraction of gravitational-wave candidates, and developed two methods for the reduction of fake events caused by non-stationary noises of the detector. These analysis schemes were applied to real data from the TAMA300 interferometric gravitational wave detector. As a result, fake events were reduced by a factor of about 1000 in the best cases. The resultant event candidates were interpreted from an astronomical viewpoint. We set an upper limit of 2.2x10^3 events/sec on the burst gravitational-wave event rate in our Galaxy with a confidence level of 90%. This work sets a milestone and prospects on the search for burst gravitational waves, by establishing an analysis scheme for the observation data from an interferometric gravitational wave detector

COVID-19感染に伴う咽頭痛に対する半夏瀉心湯の有用性の検討

othe