Affecting factors of ecosystem degradation in Xiamen Bay and significance of ecological remediation

以厦门海湾生态服务功能逆向演变的历史过程为例,对该区域生态系统服务功能退化主要影响因素进行了分析。结果表明,不适当的围堤填海,过度的海洋资源开发,污染防治工程措施滞后于快速发展的区域开发,是造成海湾生态服务功能下降的重要原因。本文通过受损生态系统在长期的生态恢复过程中所付出的代价,证明生态系统资源的经济价值,进一步认识到人与环境协调发展的重要性。This paper analyzed the degradation in ecological service function of Xiamen Bay,and illustrated the key affecting factors,including unreasonable sea reclamation and sea-bank construction,unsuitable coastal resources exploitation,and lagged pollution treatment works in intensively exploited coastal area.The great expenditure and difficulty of damaged ecological service function restoration suggested the great ecological function value of undamaged ecosystem,and the great economic value of harmonious development of economy with environment protection.国家自然科学基金资助项目(20337010和20277041)

Study on the oil spill risk accident and countermeasures during the oil transportation process in the Antarctic Great Wall Station

本文报道了中国第16次南极考察期间,作者对考察船向长城站输油期间发生的 溢漏油事故全程跟踪结果,分析了主要风险源及发生溢油风险事故的原因和采取预防 措施的重要性,指出南极长城站存在着输油过程抗溢油能力低下、防溢漏油环保基础设 施薄弱、风险管理措施亟待加强等主要环保问题,提出了加强长城站环保基础设施建设 与风险防范管理的对策,以便对船舶或站上设施溢油风险做出更有效地反应．Based on the data resulting from the oil transportation from the ship to the tanks at the Great Wall Station in King George Island, Antarctic,during the 16th Chinese Antarctic Expedition, the authors introduce the whole process that caused oil spill and analyzes the causes of accident and the importance of measures against the spill. It points out that there existed environmental protection issues such as failures in foundational facilities, capacity for a safe oil transportation and risk management system. To response effectively to the oil spill from ship or tanks on land, we propose measures to strengthen the foundational facilities and the risk management system

基于参量放大的BPSK信号相位噪声监控方案

相位噪声是限制新型调制信号传输性能的主要因素之一。相位噪声监控技术可以实时、动态地获取系统性能,是未来高性能光纤通信系统中的关键技术之一。利用参量放大过程对参与信号相位敏感的特性,提出了一种基于双泵浦参量放大的全光BPSK（二进制相移键控）信号相位噪声监控方案。系统仿真结果表明,针对40Gbit/s BPSK信号,该方案可以实现00.4Vπ范围内相位噪声的全光监控

Estimation of COD discharge from non-point pollution into Luoyuan Bay

根据汇水流向,借助GIS进行罗源湾汇水区的划分;在ENVI软件下利用遥感分析技术提取土地利用类型;结合研究区域内主要溪流的水质监测结果和土地利用现状,利用反推法计算出农田污染单位面积COD负荷.在此基础上,采用排污系数法和单位面积污染负荷法分别计算出各汇水区农村生活污水、畜禽养殖、农田和村镇建设用地降雨径流的COD排放量.结果表明罗源湾入海非点源污染COD总排量为11 446.44 t/a,其中农村生活污水的COD排放量最大,约占38.9%,其次是畜禽养殖、农田和村镇建设用地降雨径流污染.最后提出非点源污染控制的建议.According the flowing direction,the watershed in Luoyuan coastal zone was segmented with GIS technology.The landuse information was extracted from TM image.With water quality data and landuse information,the unit-area load of COD from farmland runoff was estimated by means of reverse educing.Consequently,COD discharges from household wastewater,livestock cultivation and the runoff from farmland and construction land were estimated using discharge coefficient and unit-area load approaches.It is estimated that total COD discharge from non-point pollution into Luoyuan Bay was 11 446.44t/a.The household wastewater was the biggest source of non-point pollution which accounts for 38.9%.The second source was livestock cultivation.The COD discharge from the runoff of farm and the construction land was the least.Advices to control non-point pollution were put forward in this paper.福建省海洋与渔业局2005年重点资助项目(T04903

Challenges and regulation strategies the nearshore marine ecosystem services faced in Fujian

本文分析了福建近岸海湾资源开发利用现状、发展趋势和存在的主要生态问题,认为生态系统服务是可持续发展目标实现的基本保证.文中着重指出了随着沿海港口建设和港口工业的快速发展,福建近岸海洋生态系统服务面临着严峻挑战;并提出了合理港口功能布局、建立污染事故应急联动处置机制、加大城市排海污水治理力度、实施入海污染物总量控制、对滨海湿地实施法制化管理和加强对赤潮的监控等维护海洋生态系统服务的调控对策.In this paper,the present statement,developing trend and the main ecological problems about exploitation and utilization of the nearshore marine resources in Fujian Province are analyzed.It is that the ecosystem services are the basic guarantee of sustainable development.With the rapid development of harbor construction and port industry,the nearshore ecosystem services in Fujian are faced with severe challenges.The regulation strategies for protecting marine ecosystem services are put forward,such as rationalzing the port function arrangements,estalblishing the emergency response mechanism of pollution accidents,strengthening the wastewater treatment which discharged into sea,enforcing the total mass control of pollutants,managing the coastal wetlands according to law,and strengthening the harmful algal bloom(HAB)monitoring

Ｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅ ｏｆ Ｂｈｏｒｄｅｉｎｓｆｒｏｍ Ｈｕｌｌｅｓｓ Ｂａｒｌｅｙ ｏｎＦｌｏｕｒ Ｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｉｎｇ Ｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓ ｏｆ Ｂｒｅａｄ Ｗｈｅａｔ

B组醇溶蛋白是大麦的主要贮藏蛋白之一,其组成及含量与大麦的营养品质和加工品质密切相关。为探究大麦B组醇溶蛋白对小麦面粉加工特性的影响,以转青稞B-hordein基因的小麦转基因高代株系(T4、T5代)及其受体品种龙麦30为材料,分别对转B-hordein基因小麦高代株系及龙麦30进行分子检测、农艺性状测量、近红外分析和粉质分析。结果表明,转B-hordein基因小麦高代植株均为阳性植株;在农艺性状方面,转B-hordein基因小麦与龙麦30无显著差异;在品质方面,转B-hordein基因小麦的蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量的平均值均极显著高于龙麦30;粉质分析结果也表明转B-hordein基因小麦的粉...Ｂ－ｈｏｒｄｅｉｎｓ　ａｒｅ　ｏｎｅ　ｏｆ　ｔｈｅ　ｍａｊｏｒ　ｓｔｏｒａｇｅ　ｐｒｏｔｅｉｎｓ　ｏｆ　ｂａｒｌｅｙ．Ｉｔｓ　ｃｏｍｐｏｎｅｎｔ　ａｎｄ　ｃｏｎｔｅｎｔ　ａｒｅ ｃｌｏｓｅｌｙ　ａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｅｄ　ｗｉｔｈ　ｂａｒｌｅｙ　ｎｕｔｒｉｔｉｏｎａｌ　ｑｕａｌｉｔｙ　ａｎｄ　ｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｉｎｇ　ｑｕａｌｉｔｙ．Ｔｈｉｓ　ｓｔｕｄｙ　ｗａｓ　ｔｏ　ｅｘｐｌｏｒｅ　ｔｈｅ ｅｆｆｅｃｔ　ｏｆ　ｂａｒｌｅｙ　Ｂ－ｈｏｒｄｅｉｎｓ　ｏｎ　ｆｌｏｕｒ　ｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｉｎｇ　ｆｅａｔｕｒｅｓ　ｏｆ　ｂｒｅａｄ　ｗｈｅａｔ．Ｔｈｅ　ｈｉｇｈ　ｇｅｎｅｒａｔｉｏｎｓ　ｏｆ　ｔｒａｎｓｇｅｎｉｃ 　ｗｈｅａｔ　ｌｉｎｅｓ（Ｔ４ａｎｄ　Ｔ５）ｔｒａｎｓｆｏｒｍｅｄ　ｗｉｔｈ　Ｂ－ｈｏｒｄｅｉｎ　ｇｅｎｅ　ｆｒｏｍ　ｈｕｌｌｅｓｓ　ｂａｒｌｅｙ　ｗｅｒｅ　ｔｏｏｋ　ａｓ　ｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓ， ａｎｄ　ｔｈｅｙ　ｗｅｒｅ　ｄｅｔｅｃｔｅｄ　ｂｙ　ＰＣＲ　ａｍｐｌｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ，ｔｈｅｉｒ　ａｇｒｏｎｏｍｉｃ　ｔｒａｉｔｓ　ｗｅｒｅ　ｅｖａｌｕａｔｅｄ　ａｎｄ　ｔｈｅｉｒ ｑｕａｌｉｔｙ　ｗｅｒｅ　ａｎａｌｙｚｅｄ　ｂｙ　ｎｅａｒ－ｉｎｆｒａｒｅｄ　ｓｐｅｃｔｒｏｓｃｏｐｙ　ａｎａｌｙｓｉｓ　ａｎｄ　ｆａｒｉｎｏｇｒａｐｈ　ｔｅｓｔ．Ｔｈｅ　ｒｅｓｕｌｔｓ　ｓｈｏｗｅｄ ｔｈａｔ　ｔｈｅ　ｈｉｇｈ　ｇｅｎｅｒａｔｉｏｎｓ　ｏｆ　ｔｒａｎｓｇｅｎｉｃ　ｗｈｅａｔ　ｌｉｎｅｓ　ｗｅｒｅ　ａｌｌ　ｐｏｓｉｔｉｖｅ　ｐｌａｎｔｓ；ｔｈｅｒｅ　ｗａｓ　ｎｏ　ｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔ ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｃｅ　ｉｎ　ａｇｒｏｎｏｍｉｃ　ｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓ　ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ　ｔｒａｎｓｇｅｎｉｃ　ｗｈｅａｔ　ａｎｄ　Ｌｏｎｇｍａｉ３０；ｔｈｅ　ａｖｅｒａｇｅ　ｏｆ　ｑｕａｌｉｔｙ 　ｐａｒａｍｅｔｅｒｓ　ｏｆ　ｔｒａｎｓｇｅｎｉｃ　ｗｈｅａｔ　ｗｅｒｅ　ｈｉｇｈｅｒ　ｉｎ　ｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ　ｃｏｎｔｅｎｔ，ｗｅｔ　ｇｌｕｔｅｎ　ｃｏｎｔｅｎｔ　ｗｉｔｈ　ｅｘｔｒｅｍｅｌｙ ｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔ　ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｃｅ；ｆａｒｉｎｏｇｒａｐｈ　ｔｅｓｔ　ｓｈｏｗｅｄ　ｔｈａｔ　ｔｈｅ　ｔｒａｎｓｇｅｎｉｃ　ｗｈｅａｔ　ｗａｓ　ｂｅｔｔｅｒ　ｔｈａｎ　Ｌｏｎｇｍａｉ３０． Ｐｒｅｌｉｍｉｎａｒｙ　ａｎａｌｙｓｉｓ　ｉｎｄｉｃａｔｅｄ　ｔｈａｔ　ｔｈｅ　Ｂ－ｈｏｒｄｅｉｎ　ｇｅｎｅ　ｗａｓ　ｅｘｐｒｅｓｓｅｄ　ｉｎ　ｔｒａｎｓｇｅｎｉｃ　ｗｈｅａｔ　ａｎｄ　ｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｄ 　ｔｈｅ　ｑｕａｌｉｔｙ　ｏｆ　ｆｌｏｕｒ

广西柳州白莲洞石器时代洞穴遗址发掘报告

白莲洞石器时代洞穴遗址,位于广西柳州市东南郊都乐生产大队的白面山南麓,东经109度25分37秒,北纬24度12分54秒,距市中心约12公里(图一,1)。1956年,中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所的裴文中、贾兰坡两教授率领的华南调查队在广西调查巨猿和人类化石时发现了白莲洞遗址。调查队在白莲洞内的扰乱土层中发现了多量的软体动物外壳、少数鹿牙等化石和用砾石打制的石器,还发现了一件残破的骨锥

Nutritional components,textural properties,and in vitro starch hydrolysis of steamed hulless barley bread

青稞是我国藏区的主要农作物,富含beta-葡聚糖、黄酮、生育酚等多种生理活性成分.通过比较分析青稞全麦粉和小麦粉的粉质和糊化特性差异,研制青稞全麦粉占面粉含量60%的高青稞含量的青稞全麦馒头粉,并对青稞全麦馒头的营养、感官、质构以及体外淀粉水解等方面的特性进行评价.结果显示:(1)青稞全麦粉吸水率、弱化度显著高于小麦粉,面团形成时间、稳定时间以及粉质质量指数显著低于小麦粉,通过添加谷朊粉,青稞全麦馒头粉的粉质特性得到了改善,其面团形成时间和稳定时间延长,弱化度降低,粉质质量指数增加;青稞全麦粉比小麦粉更易糊化,峰值粘度、崩解值和回生值增加,混粉后青稞全麦馒头粉的低谷粘度与小麦粉差异显著,其他参数无显著差异;(2)青稞全麦馒头的蛋白质和beta-葡聚糖含量都显著高于小麦馒头,其中beta-葡聚糖含量为2.33%-2.78%,是小麦馒头的10倍;(3)青稞全麦馒头感官品质显著低于小麦馒头,但仍具有较好的整体接受度;(4)与小麦馒头比较,青稞全麦馒头的硬度、胶着性、咀嚼度等指标显著增加,而粘附性、回复性等指标则显著降低;(5)青稞全麦馒头的抗性淀粉(RS)含量显著高于小麦馒头,而极易消化淀粉(VRDS)、易消化淀粉(RDS)、血糖生成指数(GI)均显著低于小麦馒头.本研究表明,青稞全麦馒头不仅具有独特的口感和香味,而且比小麦馒头具有更高的营养价值,尤其是低GI值,可缓解餐后血糖指数的升高,更利于人们对血糖的控制,因而青稞可以作为一种优质的主要原料用于馒头加工

~(171)Ta高自旋态能级寿命测量

在中国原子能科学研究院的HI 13串列加速器上通过157Gd(19F,5n)171Ta重离子熔合蒸发反应布居了171Ta的高自旋态,以多普勒移动衰减法的峰形分析法分析了171Tah9/2质子1/2[541]转动带的6条能级的寿命,得到了这6条能级的平均寿命值