清代对外关系史话:从日本国漂风难夷说起

德川期的日本游离于中国朝贡·册封体系之外,但民间接触并未中绝,日船漂至中国事件偶有发生。本文从中日关系史的视角出发,通过抚恤和遣送日本国漂风难夷的史实,管窥当时清政府的处置方法和对日态度。厦门大学繁荣哲学社会科学专项资金资

もう一つの日中関係史 －徳川期日本漂流民事件を例にして－

In the Ch’ing Dynasty, China\u27s foreign relations were characterized by the tributary and canonization system. However, for over two hundred years, Tokugawa- Japan was the only exception in East Asia that was unattached to the system. Before the SinoJapanese Amity Treaty was signed (1871), two countries had not established official contacts. On the other hand, because of geopolitical affinity, the non-governmental exchange between the two countries never stopped, and trade ship were continuously shuttling between Zhejiang (浙江)and Nagasaki(長崎). In addition, due to climatic factors, the Japanese vessels also occasionally drifted to China. This paper focuses on the two events of “drifted ship and distressed southern foreigners” from Japan to Manchuria, China and reveals the Ch’ing Dynasty’s policies of handling Japanese castaways. The paper aims to explore the Sino-Japan relations in Ch’ing Dynasty from the perspective of Sino-Japan interaction in history. The first incident occurred in June 1644, fifty eight people from Echizen Province(越前), including Takeuchi Tozaemon(竹内藤左衛門) drifted to the Chinese border in Jilin Province(吉林). The fifteen survivors were sent to Peking(北京) and were repatriated through Korea( 朝 鮮 ) a year later. The second incident occurred in June 1795, Magotaro (孫太郎)and two other people from Matsumae Domain(松前) drifted to theChinese border in Jilin Province. They were escorted through Peking, Suzhou(蘇州), and Hangzhou(杭州) and repatriated through Zhapu port (乍浦). According to the author’s investigation, at least sixty such incidents occurred in Ch’ing Dynasty and the number of repatriated people was over nine hundred. The reason for selecting the two incidents mentioned above is because the historical literature from the two countries on the two incidents can be cross-checked. Secondly, the majority of the sixty incidents occurred in coasts of East China or Southeast China, and only these two incidents occurred on the border of Northeast China(Manchuria). This means that repatriation process covered a long route and large regions, thus enabling the Japanese castaways to provide detailed account of their experiences. The value of investigating the historical data of Japanese castaway lies in the fact that it not only produced accounts of the politics, economy, language, culture, customs, geographical landscape of Ch’ing Period, but also faithfully recorded the selfless help and warm hospitality by Ch’ing government and the people. The historical data provide evidence that under the Cherishing Men from Afar policy by Ch’ing Dynasty, China’s political and trade relations with Japan as well as the feelings toward its people remained favorable.〔査読有り〕の原著論文本稿は、近世北東アジア地域における民衆レベルでの接触――漂流事件に視点をおき、日中両国の史料を比較しながら、近世北東アジア地域における人的往来の側面に光を当て、清朝が日本人漂流民を救助・送還した事実を明らかにしたうえ、近世の日清関係を検証するものである

基于矫正广义走廊的电动倾转旋翼机模态转换

研究了基于矫正广义走廊和在线增益调度方法的电动倾转旋翼机模态转换控制问题。针对传统配平方法导致模态转换过程中时变动态特征被忽略的不足,提出一种新的两步法配平策略,即矫正配平工作点,并获得矫正广义走廊,以减小系统实际运行状态与配平工作点的偏离程度,进而改善增益调度方法的控制效果。传统增益调度方法控制器设计工作量较大,针对该问题设计了在线增益调度算法,有效避免了拟合过程。对某小型电动倾转旋翼无人机(UAV)的仿真表明,基于所提方法使得倾转旋翼机平稳、快速地完成模态转换过程;实验数据进一步表明,矫正后广义走廊相比于矫正前可将对过渡走廊的平均跟踪误差显著减小。国家自然科学基金(61673325,61374037)~

Experimental Teaching of the Rapid Prototype Manufacturing Technology Based on ATOS Measuring System

根据目前传统的机械设计与制造的实验教学现状,提出了先进制造技术领域的反求工程(RE)和快速原型(RP)相结合的课程实验,给出了实施方案。实践证明:学生利用ATOS三维扫描仪、FDM熔丝堆积成型机以及相关的Surfacer、PRO/E软件平台,不仅能够很快地了解到产品快速开发技术的新理念,而且学会了利用RE与RP相结合技术进行产品的快速复制实验的新方法、新工艺。Based on the present experimental teaching of the traditional mechanism design and manufacture,this paper put forward an implementation scheme using reverse engineering and rapid prototype manufacturing technology.The practice proved that,by using the hardware resource of ATOS and FDM as well as the software platform of Surfacer and Pro/E,student can not only apprehend the new concept of the quick product-developed technology but also learn the new technics and method of using RE and RP to experiment copying 3D model.厦门市重点产学研基金资助项目:高档新型出水器快速制造新技术研发(编号:厦经技[2004]332

独活寄生汤调控对大鼠椎间盘软骨细胞Wnt/β-catenin信号通路的影响

目的:从Wnt/β-catenin信号通路探讨独活寄生汤水提物对大鼠椎间盘退变软骨细胞功能的影响。方法:（1）用水提加热回流法制备独活寄生汤水提物成分;（2）选取4周龄健康雄性SD大鼠30只,采用机械-酶消化法分离大鼠椎间盘软骨组织,建立软骨细胞体外培养体系并进行鉴定;（3）RT-PCR、We stern blot法分别检测经DKK-1抑制剂干预及（或）经白细胞介素-1β诱导的椎间盘软骨细胞Wnt4、GSK-3β、β-catenin mRNA与蛋白含量的表达。结果:（1）椎间盘软骨细胞经Ⅱ型胶原法染色后,阳性对照组胞浆区域浸染为棕黄色;（2）RT-PCR、Western blot检测结果示,与正常组比较,模型组Wnt4、GSK-3β、β-catenin mRNA与蛋白含量表达显著升高（P<0.01）;与模型组比较,独活寄生汤水提物组(100,200,400μg·mL-1)的Wnt4、GSK-3β、β-catenin mRNA与蛋白含量表达显著降低（P<0.01或P<0.05）,其中以200μg·mL-1组的表达量最低（P<0.01）。结论:独活寄生汤水提物组可通过调控Wnt/β-catenin信号通路,下调大鼠椎间盘退变关节软骨中Wnt4、GSK-3β、β-catenin mRNA与蛋白含量表达,从而延缓椎间盘软骨细胞退变。福建省自然科学基金(2017J01224);;福建中医药大学校管课题(X2015034

Reverse Engineering and Rapid Prototyping Manufacturing Technology of the Complicated Surface Parts

【中文文摘】根据零件曲面复杂设计及概念设计中不可缺少的反求技术与快速成型技术的结合应用,介绍了ATOS测量系统的反求数据采集方法及三角域Bezier曲面拟合技术,分析了在快速成型技术中反求数据的优化处理方式,进行了快速成型机的接口文件生成和实体成型加工(FDM)试验。 【英文文摘】According to the combined application of the reverse technology and the rapid prototyping , which is necessary for the complex design and the concept design of part surface, the text firstly introduce the method of gathering reverse data by ATOS measuring system and the technology of blending triangular Bezier surface . Second, it analyses the optimized disposition of method of reverse data which is related to the technology of rapid prototyping . Third, the trial has been done about the interface files generated and linked the device of rapid prototyping and model processing trial

双蒲散对慢性萎缩性胃炎大鼠胃黏膜细胞TGF-β1/Smad3信号通路的影响

目的 :观察双蒲散对慢性萎缩性胃炎的治疗作用以及胃黏膜细胞TGF/Smad信号通路的影响。方法 :40只SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、双蒲散组和维酶素组,每组10只。采用N-甲基-N`-硝基-N-亚硝基胍(MNNG)方法复制慢性萎缩性胃炎大鼠模型,正常组不处理,模型组只造模不干预,其余两组造模16周后分别灌胃双蒲散和维酶素4周。光镜观察胃黏膜组织病理学,酶联免疫吸附法测定胃黏膜组织Bcl-2、P53、PCNA、Ag-NORs、EGF、TGF-β1与Smad3蛋白的表达。结果 :与正常组比较,模型组大鼠胃黏膜组织Bcl-2、P53、PCNA、Ag-NORs、EGF、TGF-β1的表达皆明显升高,Smad3皆显著下降(P<0.05);与模型组比较,双蒲散组大鼠胃黏膜组织Bcl-2、P53、PCNA、Ag-NORs、EGF、TGF-β1的表达皆明显下降,Smad3皆显著升高(P<0.05),其效应显著高于维酶素组。结论 :双蒲散可通过调节TGF-β1/Smad3信号通路调节慢性萎缩性胃炎大鼠胃黏膜细胞的增殖和凋亡,抑制胃黏膜细胞的异型增生,阻断慢性萎缩性胃炎向胃癌前病变发展。国家自然科学基金项目(81260556);; 江西省自然科学基金项目(20131512040019

酸雨胁迫下稀土元素对小麦生理生化响应的作用

运用盆栽实验,对酸雨胁迫下稀土元素(REE)对小麦生理生化响应的作用进行了研究。结果表明:酸雨影响了叶绿素含量及叶绿素a/b值。叶绿素a及叶绿素总量与酸雨pH值呈正相关,POD活性随酸雨pH值减小逐渐增加,间接导致叶绿素a分解速度加快,造成叶绿素总量减少和a/b值减小,加速了叶片的老化,影响植株光能吸收、转换及碳同化。REE施用后,仍在酸雨胁迫下的植株与单一酸雨处理相比,其叶绿素含量、叶绿素a/b值、POD活性均能稳定在一定水平上。在酸雨pH>3.5的情况下REE明显地表现出对小麦体内叶绿素及过氧化物酶有一定的防护作用

稀土元素对酸雨胁迫小麦活性氧清除系统响应的作用

盆栽条件下,就酸雨胁迫下小麦活性氧清除系统的响应及稀土元素作用进行了研究。结果表明:酸雨导致小麦活性氧酶促系统的SOD、CAT、POD酶活性总体水平发生变化。CAT、SOD活性减弱,POD活性增加,致使体内活性氧清除能力减弱,稀土元素的施用增加了CAT、SOD活性水平,削弱了由于酸雨胁迫所导致的POD活性的增加,从而增强了清除活性氧的能力,减弱了由于酸雨胁迫对小麦活性氧清除系统造成的影响