山葡萄砧木对‘黑比诺’葡萄耐旱寒的影响研究

以‘黑比诺’自嫁苗和山葡萄为砧木的嫁接苗为试材,在自然低温胁迫和干旱胁迫条件下,对接穗叶片相对含水量、相对电导率、丙二醛含量、可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖等指标进行了对比。结果表明,干旱胁迫下,与自接苗相比,嫁接苗的叶片相对电导率降低,相对含水量和丙二醛升高;在低温胁迫下,山葡萄嫁接苗的相对电导率降低,丙二醛、可溶性总糖和可溶性蛋白含量均升高。试验初步证明以山葡萄为砧木可提高‘黑比诺’的耐旱性和耐寒性

光波动频率影响黄瓜幼苗光合作用的机制

自然条件下环境光强往往是波动的,但波动光变化频率影响植物光合作用的机制尚不清楚.为了探讨植物光合作用对波动光频率的响应及机制,本文以黄瓜为材料,对植物生长、叶绿素含量、气体交换、叶绿素荧光以及抗氧化酶进行了研究.结果显示,相对于弱光(T4),强光下(T1, T2和T3)黄瓜株高、生物量、叶面积和比叶重均明显较高,但波动频率增加(T2, T3)能够导致这些参数值降低.强光与弱光处理相比其叶绿素总量较低,且随着波动光频率的提高叶绿素含量轻微下降.强光下的光合速率和气孔导度均高于弱光,不过随着强光波动频率增加,两者呈下降趋势.荧光诱导动力学的结果显示,尽管各处理间光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)最大光化学效率没有明显差异,但波动频率较大时黄瓜的PSⅡ的电子传递活性略有降低;而且增加强光波动频率还导致光系统Ⅱ天线转化效率(Fv′/Fm′)明显降低和非光化学猝灭(NPQ)大幅增加.此外,强光下黄瓜的酶促抗氧化系统的主要酶活性高于弱光,但波动光频率提高能够降低其活性.因此,提高波动光的频率不仅导致黄瓜光合能力下降,还导致其主要抗氧化酶的活性降低,所以增强的热耗散可能是其应对波动光下过剩激发能的重要机制.此外,本文还对黄瓜适应波动强光和稳态强光的差异进行了讨论

葡萄多种群种间杂种后代抗病性特征研究

本研究以含山葡萄血统的欧山杂种与含有河岸葡萄、美洲葡萄、欧亚种葡萄血统的杂种后代进行杂交获得的多种群杂交群体后代16个典型株系为材料,以‘北玫’‘北红’‘威代尔’‘贵人香’为对照;通过田间自然鉴定法和室内接种鉴定法,鉴定了露地越冬葡萄多种群种间杂种后代对霜霉病和白粉病的抗性。结果表明:杂种优系表现出明显的抗病优势。田间调查发现,有15个优系对霜霉病表现高抗和抗性,12个优系对白粉病表现免疫和高抗。在室内条件下接种霜霉病后,有11个优系为高抗或抗性级别,明显优于对照品种。因此认为,利用含美洲血统的葡萄基因可选育抗病性能强的新优品种,本试验中的优系‘5-1-247’和‘5-1-444’表现抗病性极好,明显优于其他优系

2005～2015年CERN光合有效辐射数据集

光合有效辐射在生态学、农学以及气候学等多个学科中都有重要的应用价值。它是揭示物质与能量交换过程的基本生理变量,是光合潜力、潜在产量的评估研究和作物生长模拟研究、土壤碳的固定模拟研究中不可缺少的关键数据之一。该数据集涵盖了中国8个典型陆地生态类型、中国生态系统研究网络(CERN)下属的40个辐射观测站观测的光合有效辐射日均值,时间跨度为2005～2015年。通过对传感器的集中标定与规范的数据质量控制方案,保障了观测数据的可靠性与可比性。采用光谱仪、辐射标准灯传递辐射基准方案,对光合有效辐射传感器进行集中标定与比对,标定精度小于5%,符合世界气象组织(WMO)标准;采用极值法对观测的光合有效辐射数据进行质量控制

JUNO Sensitivity on Proton Decay p→νˉK+p\to \bar\nu K^+ Searches

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this paper, the potential on searching for proton decay in $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ mode with JUNO is investigated.The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreover, the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits to suppress the sizable background caused by other delayed signals. Based on these advantages, the detection efficiency for the proton decay via $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ is 36.9% with a background level of 0.2 events after 10 years of data taking. The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years exposure is $9.6 \times 10^{33}$ years, competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel

JUNO sensitivity on proton decay p → ν K + searches*

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this study, the potential of searching for proton decay in the $p\to \bar{\nu} K^+$ mode with JUNO is investigated. The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreover, the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits suppression of the sizable background caused by other delayed signals. Based on these advantages, the detection efficiency for the proton decay via $p\to \bar{\nu} K^+$ is 36.9% ± 4.9% with a background level of $0.2\pm 0.05({\rm syst})\pm$$0.2({\rm stat})$ events after 10 years of data collection. The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years of exposure is $9.6 \times 10^{33}$ years, which is competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel and complements the use of different detection technologies