16 · 17세기 조선연행사의 중국 통보 수집활동

Printing technology made great progress in China during the 16-17th centuries. Tong-Bao (Chao Bao, or Di-Bao) as internal political reference was widely spread. The 16-17th centuries is also a period of enormous political unrest in eastern Asia. Joseon, one of Chinas neighbors, was profoundly influenced by political unrest in China. In order to deal with diplomatic affairs with China and protect its own benefits, the Joseon government paid much attention to intelligence gathering in China. The Joseon government collected a large amount of Chinese Tong-Bao through emissaries to China. Some records about Chinese Tong-Bao in Joseon historical materials are not even recorded in Chinese documents and not preserved in China, which show Tong-Baos unique value This article analyzes Joseon emissaries intelligence gathering during the 16-17th centuries, and discusses methods of intelligence gathering through Chinese officers in Yuhe Embassy and local people on their way to Beijing. At the same time, those translators in Joseon emissaries missions played a very important role in intelligence gathering. Jo Heon, an envoy went to China in 1574, recorded Tong-Bao from June to August daily in his Records of Trips to Beijing, most of which are not recorded by Chinese historical documents. There were also large quantities of Tong-Bao brought to Joseon by Joseon emissaries during the Revolt of the Three Feudatories (1673-1681)

Prediction of Energy Resolution in the JUNO Experiment

International audienceThis paper presents the energy resolution study in the JUNO experiment, incorporating the latest knowledge acquired during the detector construction phase. The determination of neutrino mass ordering in JUNO requires an exceptional energy resolution better than 3% at 1 MeV. To achieve this ambitious goal, significant efforts have been undertaken in the design and production of the key components of the JUNO detector. Various factors affecting the detection of inverse beta decay signals have an impact on the energy resolution, extending beyond the statistical fluctuations of the detected number of photons, such as the properties of liquid scintillator, performance of photomultiplier tubes, and the energy reconstruction algorithm. To account for these effects, a full JUNO simulation and reconstruction approach is employed. This enables the modeling of all relevant effects and the evaluation of associated inputs to accurately estimate the energy resolution. The study reveals an energy resolution of 2.95% at 1 MeV. Furthermore, the study assesses the contribution of major effects to the overall energy resolution budget. This analysis serves as a reference for interpreting future measurements of energy resolution during JUNO data taking. Moreover, it provides a guideline in comprehending the energy resolution characteristics of liquid scintillator-based detectors