Degradation behavior of high-strength ammonium under continued membrane bioreactor

采用一体式浸没膜生物反应器,在连续、曝气和100mg/L氨氮的条件下驯化活性污泥,发现驯化污泥对氨氮的硝化去除率可稳定在30%～50%,同时对有机物的降解率也都在80%以上;通过对比发现污泥的硝化和有机物降解作用之间有着相互抑制的关系。对比实验也证明,硝化过程产生的大量H+将降低体系的pH,使其稳定在5.4左右。而从3个月的运行实验看,KUBOTA的平板膜有着很好的耐污染性能,且清洗措施简单易行。The behavior of CODMn and NH4+-N removal under the fairly highstrength ammonium and continuous operation conditions are investigated by a submerged MBR, The membrane supplied from KUBOTA Lit. shows better stability in filtration during the long period of operation. The removal efficiency of CODMn reaches over 80%, but that of NH4+-N is not over 50%. This findings may be largely responsible for the relatively lower pH value of the sludge, it is necessary to keep pH at a certain level to guarantee the nitrification activity of the sludge effectively

Acclimation Behavior of Nitrifying Sludge Against Trichloroethylene by Membrane Bioreactor

采用一体式浸没膜生物反应器,在曝气、连续的条件下,间歇投加硝化反应的抑制物TCE(三氯乙烯),考察在不同TCE投加浓度下,TCE及其共代谢中间产物对硝化菌和异养菌活性的抑制情况,以及在TCE停止投加后,污泥相对硝化活性的变化趋势.虽然TCE对异养菌酶活性有一定的抑制作用,使CODMn的去除率呈下降趋势,但仍然没有被大幅度地降低;硝化菌由于对环境比较敏感,在TCE投加的初期,受抑制作用比较明显,氨氮的去除率呈下降趋势,但当硝化菌慢慢适应TCE共存环境后,其硝化活性将慢慢恢复,氨氮去除率将逐渐提高;停止投加TCE后,硝化菌仍然具有一定的耐TCE抑制的能力,且较高浓度TCE驯化的污泥的耐TCE抑制的能力也较高,但随着停止投加时间的延长,这种耐TCE抑制的能力将逐渐下降,直至消失.The inhibition characteristic of TCE and its cometabolic intermediate on nitrifying and heterotrophic bacteria was investigated by a series of integrated and submerged Membrane Bioreactors. The results demonstrated that the COD removal efficiency was on the trends of declination after TCE addition, but not affected strongly during the period of adding TCE. Due to susceptible of sludge to the TCE inhibition at the beginning of TCE addition, the removal efficiency of ammonium was declined significantly. However, when the nitrifying bacteria became acclaimed to the TCE inhibition, its activities would be resumed gradually. In addition, after the stop of TCE addition, the nitrifying sludge could maintain its ability of antiinhibition of TCE for a long period, and the higher the concentration of TCE addition, the higher the ability of antiinhibition. But this ability would be declined gradually to disappearance in the absence of TCE addition.国家自然科学基金资助项目(20077023

苯酚和TCE共存条件下硝化污泥的驯化特性

采用连续通水的膜生物反应器,研究了苯酚和三氯乙烯(TCE)在单一和共存条件下对污泥的驯化特性。结果显示:在持续的单一的低浓度苯酚驯化中,苯酚降解菌逐渐生长和富集,不能成为优势菌群,在维持对苯酚高降解率的同时,也对硝化过程表现出较强的抑制作用;在低浓度苯酚和TCE共存体系中,TCE共碟谢带来的抑制作用较为强烈,对苯酚降解菌和硝化菌都有一定的抑制作用,其中对硝化过程影响较大;在高浓度苯酚和TCE共存体系中,TCE在投加初期对硝化菌抑制作用强烈,但随着驯化时的延长,TCE对硝化过程的抑制作用很快被缓解。国家自然科学基金项目(20077023

Costal zone eco-environmental problems and their mitigation countermeasures in China

海岸带是陆海交互作用的地带 ,是全球变化研究的重要组成部分 ;同时人类活动对海岸带的环境变迁又有着举足轻重的影响。本文综述了影响我国海岸带生态环境变迁的 10个重要的环境问题 ,并提出了应对海岸带生态环境退化的 6种调控对策 ,其中实行一体化的海岸带综合管理体制是实现海岸带可持续发展的最重要的对策之一Costal zone, the interface between the land and the sea, is of great socio-economic and environmental significance and is one of important components of global change study. However, human being's activities have crucial effects on the coastal zone due to the increasing pollutant discharge and resources utilization. In this paper, ten important problems influencing the health of China coastal ecosystem are reviewed briefly and six mitigating countermeasures dealing with the degradation of coastal zone are suggested, including the integrated coastal zone management that is essential to the sustainable development of costal zone

Testing AGNPS for water quality modeling in agricultural catchment in southeast of China

利用地理信息系统 (GIS) ,基于数字高程模型 (DEM) ,提取AGNPS(AAgriculturalNon PointSourceModel)模型所需的水文和地形参数 ,并通过实地调查及专题制图等手段获取AGNPS模型所需的土地利用、土壤质地及施肥水平等其它参数 ,最后利用监测降水 ,实测水文参数、营养盐及沉积物负荷等验证AGNPS模型在我国东南亚热带地区的应用 .It is feasible to evaluate the Non-point Source pollution such as sediments, agricultural chemicals using water quality model in the basin scale. AGNPS (Agricultural Non Point Source), an event driven, distributed parameter model, which is developed and validated primarily in the United States, was employed in the landscape of Jiulong River watershed. The hydrologic and topographic parameters of AGNPS model were extracted based on DEM (Digital Elevation Model) built in GIS (Geographic Information System). The erosion and nutrients transport modules of AGNPS were tested and validated in Jiulong River watershed based on measurements and other data during the main crop growing season.教育部博士点基金 (19990 38411) ;; 福建省自然科学基金 (D0 110 0 0 3

Performance on phosphorus removal by oyster-shell in a submerged bio-filter

探讨如何提高普通浸没式生物滤池除磷效果为目的 ,采用牡蛎壳为填料 ,通过改变水力停留时间来考察牡蛎壳和陶粒两种填料的浸没式生物滤柱对 CODMn、NH4+ - N以及 PO43 - - P的去除特性。结果表明 ,与陶粒填料相比牡蛎壳填料在对 PO43 - - P的去除方面具有明显的优势 ,牡蛎壳良好的除磷性能主要是通过生物诱导的化学沉淀来实现的。The behavior of phosphorus removal by oyster-shell media was investigated at di fferent HRT and phosphorus concentrations in a submerged bio-filter. The experi ment was carried out in two bio-filter columns packed with oyster-shell and ceramsite media respectively. Both oyster-shell and ceramsite media had sim ilar behavior in the removal of NH 4 +-N and COD\-\{Mn\}, whereas oyster-she ll performed well efficiency in phosphorus removal. It was found that the remova l rate of phosphorus for oyster-shell was up to 70%, which was higher than that (30%) for ceramsite media. It was evidenced that oyster-shell could remove pho sphorus effectively by biologically-induced chemical precipitation

淹没式贝壳填料生物滤池的除磷效应

　探讨了以贝壳为填料的生物滤池的除磷机理,研究了影响除磷效果的主要因素。静态试验结果表明:在酸性条件下贝壳能够通过化学作用去除水中的磷。连续试验结果显示:当控制水力停留时间在5h以上时贝壳显示出较高的除磷效率;当贝壳与陶粒的填充高度之比为2∶1时除磷效果最佳,除磷率可达75%～85%

The Acclimation Behavior of Nitrifying Activated Sludge Treated with Wastewater Containing Xenobiotic Organics and Ammonium Nitrogen by Membrane Bioreactors

硝化反应是氨氮转化过程中的重要环节，目前国内外研究主要集中在常规的生物处理工艺（活性污泥法）中较低浓度氨氮的硝化反应特性，而对类似渗滤液环境中的高强度氨氮的硝化过程则研究较少。论文采用膜生物反应器（MembraneBioreactororMBR），连续操作,以苯酚和三氯乙烯（TrichloroethyleneorTCE）为典型的外源性有机化合物，系统地研究了驯化污泥在苯酚和TCE单一或共存条件下的硝化特性；并且为保证试验数据的准确性和运行的稳定性，对膜生物反应器常用的控制方式进行改进，成功地设计、安装和运行了具有自主产权的自动控制装置。主要内容如下： 一、设计、安装和运行由继电器、电磁阀...The nitrifying process is one of important steps in the transformation of ammonium nitrogen, and the present researches mainly focus on the nitrifying characteristics and removal efficiency in the conventional activated sludge processes, which contains relative low ammonia concentration. However, few studies deal with such process as landfill leachate treatment in which there contains high-strengt...学位：工学博士院系专业：海洋与环境学院环境科学研究中心_环境科学学号：B20003400

ACCLIMATION BEHAVIOR OF ORGANIC NUTRIENTS TO ACTIVATED SLUDGE IN MEMBRANE BIOREACTORS

试验研究了以葡萄糖为代表的典型非毒性有机营养物对硝化过程的影响,结果表明:在低浓度葡萄糖驯化活性污泥条件下,硝化菌富集效果明显,污泥中硝化菌的活性逐渐上升;而高浓度葡萄糖驯化环境下,硝化菌的活性受到高浓度有机营养物的抑制作用,但异养菌的活性逐步提高。说明:在连续MBR驯化条件下,由于有机营养物可以迅速为异养菌所分解利用,异养菌的快速增殖将对硝化菌的活性形成竞争性的抑制作用;但随着时间的延长,由于膜对溶解性难降解的有机大分子的有效截留和污泥长时间没有更新,污泥中无论硝化菌还是异养菌,其活性都将逐渐地降低。The influence of glucose, as a typical non-toxic organic nutrient to the microbes in activated sludge, on the nitrifying process is investigated. The results showed that the nitrifying activity increased gradually at low concentration level of glucose,while decreased sharply at high concentration of glucose, along with an enhanced activity of organic-utilizing bacteria (heterotrophic bacteria ). It indicates that when plentiful organic carbon was added to influent water, the heterotrophic bacteria seems to reproduce and grow rapidly, whose growth rate was higher than that of nitrifying bacteria, and its number becomes dominant in the whole microbe of activated sludge to enhance the activity of organic compounds utilization, which probably inhibited the activity of nitrifying bacteria. But a slow declination to the activities both for nitrifying bacteria and heterotrophic bacteria was observed as time lapsed.It explain that the accumulation of dissolved-and-high-molecular organic compounds captured by the membrane and no sludge renewal occurred timely due to the longer sludge retention time than the usual were considerably responsible for the results mentioned above

Process Control of Integrated and Submerged Membrane Bioreactor

为维持一体式浸没膜生物反应器的稳定运行,采用由继电器、电磁阀和液位控制器等元件所构成自动控制装置,利用液面下降速率的快慢表征膜污染的状况,以液位控制器为核心,将MBR的进水、出水、液控、曝气和反冲5个系统联系为一个统一的整体,其中进水、出水和曝气分别为由时间继电器控制的周期性运行,定时开关各种泵类的运行,使各种泵都有足够的时间散热和停息。2个月的运行实验表明:MBR在该自控装置调控下运行时,反应体系中基本的物化参数,如混合液体积(L)和膜出水通量(m~3/m~2·d)等参数随时间的波动基本符合生化反应所需要的稳定性,同时对各种泵类起到了良好的保护作用In order to obtain a stable performance of Membrane Bioreactor ( MBR) in a long period of operation, an process controller, consisting of time relays, electromagnetic valves, and liquid level controller assembled into an integrated system, was designed for controlling influent, effluent and liquid level, aeration and backwashing. The pumps used in influent, effluent and aeration were periodically operated at a certain interval of time on and off controlled by time relays to have enough time to rest. There are two functions in liquid level controller; one is to balance the influent and effluent approximately to equal by turning on and off the feeding pump; and the other is to startup the backwashing system to eliminate cake layer formed on the membrane surface when effluent rate decreased significantly. During two months operation of MBR in activated sludge process, this process controller showed high ability in controlling the parameters such as reaction volume and, flux of membrane.国家自然科学基金(20077023