High dimensionality carrierless amplitude phase modulation technique for radio over fiber system

Advanced modulation formats such as carrierless amplitude phase (CAP) modulation technique is one of the solutions to increase flexibility and high bit rates to support multi-level and multi-dimensional modulations with the absence of sinusoidal carrier. Recent work are focussing on the 2D CAP-64 QAM Radio-over-Fiber (RoF) system but no extension of higher dimensions is reported. This thesis expands the area of CAP modulation technique and RoF system. The work described in this thesis is devoted to the investigation of 1.25 GSa/s sampling rate for multi-level and multi-dimensional CAP in point-to-point (P2P) and RoF system at 3 km single-mode fiber (SMF). Another advanced modulation format which is known as discrete multitone (DMT) is compared with CAP modulation in order to observe the performance in different modulation schemes. The 4QAM-DMT and 16QAM-DMT at different number of subcarriers are carried out in this propagation. Based on the results, the transmission performance in terms of BER and received optical power for RoF transmission are degraded to almost 3 dB when comparing to 3 km SMF transmission. These are caused by the wireless power loss and impairment effects. The bit rate and spectral efficiency can be increased with the increasing number of levels, and may decreased once the number of dimensions is increased due to the higher up-sampling factor. However, the additional dimensions can be used to support multiple service applications. Therefore, it can be concluded that CAP has better performance as compared to DMT in terms of higher spectral efficiency and data rate. To conclude, the results presented in this thesis exhibit high feasibility of CAP modulation in the increasing number of dimensions and levels. Thus, CAP has the potential to be utilized in multiple service allocations for different number of users

Assessment of static and dynamic stresses horse-shoe tunnel with connecting gallery using finite element method: (as a case study)

This paper illustrates the use of MIDAS GTS NX to investigate the tunnel’s simulation in order to highlight the effect of static and dynamic load on the behaviour of tunnel to compare this response expressed in terms of displacement and stresses acting on the tunnel and ground. Main tunnel is located in the ground having uniform property throughout its extent, connecting gallery is located perpendicular to the main tunnel, the shotcrete and rock bolts for each tunnel will be installed

Smart vending machine counter using IOT

The availability of vending machine has become imperative for human as they depend on it to access products conveniently. Customer satisfaction and minimizing the expenses is one of the biggest challenges to the company by working on all details of the vending machine. Keeping the vending machine always full with the stock of inventories is hard to keep because the distances between the vending machines and the supplying company needs huge expenses, so it affects the customer satisfaction when it runs out of stock. For the sake of obtaining both customer satisfaction and minimizing the expenses is by keeping the vending machine always full of its products stock as well as and reducing the expenses we need to work on smart vending machine. This project presents smart vending machine counter using IOT. The developed system count the sales of the products in the vending machine and stores the data in an IOT platform called ThingSpeak platform in real-time. This prototype system consists of two parts namely: hardware and software. The hardware part consists of ESP8266 NodeMCU, IR proximity sensor, DC motor. The software part on the other hand consists of ThingSpeak platform, Scetchware and Wirepusher. The results can be shown the real-time sales of each product in the vending machine (VM) prototype. The prototype was built and tested to collect data for 12 days and analyse these data. Moreover, it shows the development of vending machine mobile application that is used for monitoring as well as getting notifications or alerts when the products is about to be out of stock. Finally, the project design and built conclusion has successfully been able to monitor the stock inventory (SI) in the vending machine in real time so as to reduce expenses and enhance the customer satisfaction. It is considered a novelty that the smart vending machine counter was able to achieve all the targeted objectives and provide an effective smart counting system using IOT technologies an the innovations of Think speak interchangeability with scetchware and wire usher systems. The project was successful in managing to integrate, embed and synchhrnoize all the IOT technologies alongside IR sensor technologies in the form of fully integrated sophisticated smart system. Our system and project modality will be very beneficial to all the manufactures and producers of vending machines industries and businesses

ICT utilization and the information economy: the case of Malaysia

Malaysia is taking steps to transform the economy from being production-based to being knowledge driven (K-economy). In line with this objective, information and communication technologies (ICT) have been identified as the strategic enabling tools that will support the growth of the Malaysian economy as well as enhance the living standard of the population. Hence, in the past decade various initiatives have been taken by the government to promote the use and development of ICT. However, there are many issues and challenges that need to be addressed by the country before a successful transformation to a K-economy can be made. One of the issues is ICT utilization for the development of an information society and economy in the country. The paper assesses the current state of ICT utilization in Malaysia based on secondary data. The result indicates that the level of ICT utilization in the country is still low compared to selected countries and there exist wide disparities among states in Malaysia in terms of accessibility to ICT

Meja konsol moden diinspirasikan oleh The Oval, Limassol

Dalam arus pemodenan yang begitu pesat, pelbagai hasil rekaan produk yang kreatif dan berinovasi dihasilkan demi memenuhi keperluan dan kehendak pengguna dalam melakukan aktiviti-aktiviti harian mereka. Rekaan sebegini mewujudkan persaingan yang sihat dan mampu meningkatkan pendapatan individu, syarikat, dan seterusnya negara. Hal ini tidak terkecuali dalam penghasilan produk-produk perabot. Menurut laporan tahunan yang dikeluarkan oleh Lembaga Perindustrian Kayu Malaysia (MTIB) mendapati bahawa industri perabot telah menyumbang sebanyak RM 22,498.3 juta kepada hasil eksport Malaysia pada 2019 (MTIB, 2020). Perabot yang dihasilkan bukan sahaja mementingkan tarikan luaran, malah ia perlu mempunyai kualiti yang tinggi serta memberi manfaat dan diterima oleh pengguna