Порівняння освітніх програм в розрізі досяжності компетентностей і результатів навчання обов’язковими освітніми компонентами

The most important elements of educational programs are the educational components (disciplines), as well as the competencies and learning outcomes they provide. The article presents a comparative analysis of some compulsory disciplines of the educational and professional program "Informatics" of the first (bachelor's) level of higher education in the field of knowledge 12 "Information Technology", specialty 122 "Computer Science" with disciplines of educational and professional programs of the same level and specialties of other institutions of higher education. The work analyzes the educational and professional program "Computer Science" of the first (bachelor's) level of higher education in the specialty 122 "Computer Science". It is implemented by the Faculty of Computer Science and Cybernetics of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv in terms of comparing compulsory educational components educational-professional program "Informatics" and provided (achievable) standard learning outcomes and competencies with compulsory educational components of other educational programs. Pages of the article in the issue: 129 - 136 Language of the article: UkrainianНайважливішими елементами освітніх програм є освітні компоненти (дисципліни), а також компетентності й результати навчання, що ними забезпечуються. У статті наведено порівняльний аналіз окремих обов’язкових дисциплін освітньо-професійної програми «Інформатика» першого (бакалаврського) рівня вищої освіти галузі знань 12 «Інформаційні технології», спеціальності 122 «Комп’ютерні науки» з дисциплінами освітньо-професійних програм того ж рівня та спеціальності інших закладів вищої освіти. В роботі проаналізовано освітньо-професійну програму «Інформатика» першого (бакалаврського) рівня вищої освіти за спеціальністю 122 «Комп’ютерні науки», що реалізується факультетом комп’ютерних наук та кібернетики Київського національного університету імені Тараса Шевченка в розрізі порівняння обов’язкових освітніх компонент освітньо-професійної програми «Інформатика» та забезпечуваних (досяжних) ними стандартних результатів навчання й компетентностей з обов’язковими освітніми компонентами інших освітніх програм

Usability assessment of an intraoperative planning software

Usability is a crucial aspect of medical device safety. The brand-new European Regulation requires the manufacturer to assess the usability of the new medical devices. In this study, we evaluate the usability of a new medical device intended to assist the intraoperative planning with the visualization of 3d patient-specific organ models. The usability study started from the early stage of the device design and iterated through an early formative, completed with desk-based activities, late formative, completed with a focus group, and summative phase, that comprised a user test, and questionnaire filling. The identified usability issues are mitigated, the safety of the device user interface is confirmed and the training contents are defined and confirmed. Additional information regarding the user experience is collected and analyzed to identify further improvements of the device

Problems of installation water protective zones and coastal protective stripes

The issue of establishing the boundaries of water protection and coastal stripes in Ukraine were examined in the article. The purpose of the study is to present the practical results of the formation the boundary delimiter of coastal protection stripes, based on scientific and methodological approaches to the development of land management projects for the establishment of coastal protection stripes and modern technologies in the area of geographic information system. Theoretical principles of establishing the boundaries of water protective zones and coastal protective stripes on water resources are analyzed. Regulatory basic documents on the subject of use in the establishment of water protection zones and coastal protection stripes have been explored. It is noted that the size of water protective zones and coastal protective stripes can be set in accordance with the provisions of the Land Code of Ukraine, and according to the especial projects in land management. It is suggested the procedure for establishing coastal and water protective zones is based on determining the hydrographic characteristics of water sites and morphological parameters of coastal areas using remote sensing data and geoinformation system and includes six steps: 1. Determination of morphometric parameters of water sites. 2. Obtaining relief data and its application 3.Determining the steepness of the slopes. 4. Construction of catchment areas and determination of surface effluent directions. 5. Creation of a buffer zone around water sites (construction of a protective stripe and a water protective zone). 6. Combining layers of informative maps for the final definition of boundaries. The use of the methodology is presented on a specific example, namely the pond in the village Gremyache, Rivne region. Methodology will provide a technical background for establishing and decision-making on the size of water protective zones and coastal protection stripes around water objects. One more aspect of the problem, solved by the methodology proposed in the article, involves informative supporting of decisions in a sphere of controlling water fund lands at the regional level as part of the planning measures for sustainable regions development and protection of water objects. Keywords: water protective zone, coastal protection belt, land management project, Earth remote sensing data of the Earth and geographic information system data, boundaries of the water protective zone and coastal protective strip

Automation of the Technological Process to Produce Building Frame-Monolithic Modules Based on Fluoranhydrite

The paper first proposes the automation of the technological process to produce building frame-monolithic modules from production wastes, namely technogenic anhydrite and fluoranhydrite. A functional diagram of the process automation is developed, the devices to perform control and maintenance with account of the production characteristics are chosen

Результаты мониторинга аэрозольной составляющей атмосферы в средних и высоких широтах и над акваторией Мирового океана

The article analyzes the observation data for the total optical thickness of the atmosphere at mid-latitude stations of the background air pollution monitoring on the territory of the Russian Federation for more than 40 years. The obtained results are compared with similar results in Northern and Southern Polar regions.The data of direct spectral observations of the aerosol optical thickness at the AERONET stations located in high and middle latitudes, as well as the spectral observational data over the Atlantic and Southern oceans collected during the voyages of research vessels to Antarctic and back, have been also drawn to the consideration. The analysis of observational data collected in such diverse conditions, allows evaluating the specificity and dynamics of aerosol pollution in various regions of the planet.В статье анализируются данные наблюдений за интегральной оптической толщиной атмосферы на среднеширотных станциях фонового мониторинга загрязнения атмосферы на территории Российской Федерации за более чем 40-летний период; данные спектральных фотометрических наблюдений за аэрозольной оптической толщиной на станциях международной сети AERONET, расположенных в высоких и средних широтах; данные спектральных фотометрических наблюдений в Атлантическом и Южном океанах, накопленные во время рейсов научно-экспедиционных судов в Антарктиду и обратно. Сопоставлены друг с другом результаты одних и тех же видов наблюдений в средних широтах и в северной и южной полярных областях. Анализ материалов наблюдений, полученных в таких разнообразных условиях, позволил оценить специфику и динамику изменений аэрозольного загрязнения в различных регионах планеты

Многолетняя изменчивость годовых сумм суммарной и поглощенной солнечной радиации в Арктике

Variability of total (Q) and absorbed (Q – R) radiation after the year 2000 at some Russian Arctic stations in comparison with the long-term variability of these characteristics since the beginning of observations and until 1992 was investigated. As estimating parameters, the normalized by multiyear averages for 1961–1990 of anomalies of annual sums of total and absorbed radiation were chosen. We have analyzed the variability of total cloudiness and integral optical thickness characterizing transparency of the atmosphere as the factors producing the largest influence on total radiation incoming to the land surface. The integral optical thickness of the atmosphere in the Arctic after 2000 was most likely determined by specifics of air pollutants coming to the Arctic atmosphere and was significantly higher in the western Arctic area, than in the eastern one. After 2000 practically at all stations considered, the income of total radiation appeared to be below the multiyear average. Significant by the absolute value, but different by the sign, changes of absorbed radiation were recorded. The long-term periods of decrease and the subsequent increase of the incoming solar radiation observed at the European stations and called as “global dimming and global brightening” were not revealed at the Russian Arctic actinometric stations.Исследована изменчивость суммарной (Q) и поглощенной (Q – R) радиации после 2000 г. по данным отдельных арктических станций в сравнении с многолетней изменчивостью этих характеристик с начала наблюдений и по 1992 г. В качестве оценочных параметров выбраны нормированные на многолетние средние за 1961–1990 гг. значения аномалий годовых сумм суммарной и поглощенной радиации. Проанализирована изменчивость общей облачности и интегральной оптической толщины, характеризующей прозрачность атмосферы, как факторов, оказывающих наибольшее влияние на поступление суммарной радиации. Интегральная оптическая толщина атмосферы в Арктике после 2000 г., скорее всего, определялась спецификой поступления загрязняющих веществ в арктическую атмосферу и существенно выше в западном арктическом районе, нежели в восточном. После 2000 г. практически на всех рассматриваемых станциях приход суммарной радиации оказался ниже многолетней нормы. Зафиксированы значительные по абсолютной величине, но неодинаковые по знаку изменения поглощенной радиации. Длительных периодов уменьшения и последующего увеличения приходящей солнечной радиации, наблюдавшихся на европейских станциях и названных глобальным помутнением и просветлением атмосферы (“global dimming and global brightening”), на российских арктических актинометрических станциях не обнаружено

База данных часовых и суточных сумм суммарной радиации на российских антарктических станциях: анализ изменения суммарной радиации за весь период наблюдений в Антарктиде

Given the significant changes in the climate on the planet as a whole, databases and archives of data on the main climate-forming characteristics of the atmosphere, collected over long periods of time in various regions of the globe and, in particular, in the polar regions, acquire a special role. Total solar radiation is one of the most important parameters affecting the energy balance of the Earth-atmosphere system. We have created a database (DB) of hourly and daily sums of total radiation (Q) at the Russian Antarctic stations, designed to study the radiation regime of the Antarctic, from the beginning of actinometric observations to 2019. The information presented in the database was collected at five Antarctic stations — Bellingshausen, Vostok Mirny, Novolazarevskaya and Progress. The database has undergone a state registration procedure and is registered under No. 2020621401. The article gives a description of the structure of the DB and presents detailed information for each station. To provide an example of how database information can be used, characteristics of the total radiation in different parts of the Antarctic continent are obtained. Thus, it is found that the average monthly amounts of Q in the continental part of Antarctica on the high plateau (Vostok station) in conditions of minimal cloudiness and high transparency during the Antarctic summer are maximum and average 1240 MJ/m2. At the same time, at the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula (Bellingshausen station) during the same period, the average monthly amounts of Q due to the almost constantly present cloud cover do not exceed 570 MJ/m2. In the coastal areas at the three remaining stations, the average monthly amounts of total radiation range from 908 MJ/m2 (Progress) to 950 MJ/m2 (Mirny). Estimates of variability characteristics of daily, monthly, and annual sums of total radiation at all the five stations for the entire observation period up to 2019 were also obtained. The absence of statistically significant long-term trends in the annual and monthly sums of total radiation at all the stations under consideration was noted. The results of their analysis indicate that there are no significant changes in the inflow of total solar radiation to the Antarctic surface over more than sixty years of actinometric observations.С учетом ощутимых изменений климата на планете в целом, особую роль приобретают базы и архивы данных основных климатообразующих характеристик атмосферы, собранных за длительные периоды времени в различных районах земного шара и, в частности, в полярных областях. Суммарная солнечная радиация входит в число важнейших параметров, влияющих на энергетический баланс системы Земля — атмосфера. В статье приведено описание созданной базы данных (БД) часовых и суточных сумм суммарной радиации на российских станциях Антарктиды. БД предназначена для исследования радиационного режима Антарктики с начала актинометрических наблюдений и до настоящего времени. База данных прошла процедуру государственной регистрации и зарегистрирована под № 2020621401. На основе содержащейся в ней информации были получены оценки характеристик изменчивости суточных, месячных и годовых сумм суммарной радиации на станциях Беллинсгаузен, Восток, Мирный, Новолазаревская и Прогресс за весь период наблюдений по 2019 г. Результаты их анализа свидетельствуют об отсутствии существенных изменений в поступлении суммарной солнечной радиации на антарктическую поверхность за более чем шестидесятилетний период актинометрических наблюдений

Advancing the use of passive sampling in risk assessment and management of contaminated sediments: Results of an international passive sampling inter-laboratory comparison

This work presents the results of an international interlaboratory comparison on ex situ passive sampling in sediments. The main objectives were to map the state of the science in passively sampling sediments, identify sources of variability, provide recommendations and practical guidance for standardized passive sampling, and advance the use of passive sampling in regulatory decision making by increasing confidence in the use of the technique. The study was performed by a consortium of 11 laboratories and included experiments with 14 passive sampling formats on 3 sediments for 25 target chemicals (PAHs and PCBs). The resulting overall interlaboratory variability was large (a factor of ∼10), but standardization of methods halved this variability. The remaining variability was primarily due to factors not related to passive sampling itself, i.e., sediment heterogeneity and analytical chemistry. Excluding the latter source of variability, by performing all analyses in one laboratory, showed that passive sampling results can have a high precision and a very low intermethod variability

Оперативное прогнозирование скорости ветра для автономной энергетической установки тяговой железнодорожной подстанции

Currently, the prospects of creating hybrid power assemblies using renewable energy sources, including wind energy, and energy storage systems based on hydrogen energy technologies are being considered. To control such an energy storage system, it is necessary to perform operational renewable sources generation forecasting, particularly forecasting of wind power assemblies. Their production depends on the speed and direction of the wind. The article presents the results of solving the problem of operational forecasting of wind speed for a hybrid power assembly project aimed at increasing the capacity of the railway section between Yaya and Izhmorskaya stations (Kemerovo region of the Russian Federation). Hourly data of wind speeds and directions for 15 years have been analyzed, a neural network model has been built, and a compact architecture of a multilayer perceptron has been proposed for short-term forecasting of wind speed and direction for 1 and 6 hours ahead. The model that has been developed allows minimizing the risks of overfitting and loss of forecasting accuracy due to changes in the operating conditions of the model over time. A specific feature of this work is the stability investigation of the model trained on the data of long-term observations to long-term changes, as well as the analysis of the possibilities of improving the accuracy of forecasting due to regular further training of the model on newly available data. The nature of the influence of the size of the training sample and the self-adaptation of the model on the accuracy of forecasting and the stability of its work on the horizon of several years has been established. It is shown that in order to ensure high accuracy and stability of the neural network model of wind speed forecasting, long-term meteorological observations data are required.В настоящее время рассматриваются перспективы создания гибридных энергетических установок с использованием возобновляемых источников энергии, в том числе энергии ветра, и систем накопления энергии на базе технологий водородной энергетики. Для управления такой системой накопления энергии необходимо оперативное прогнозирование генерации от возобновляемых источников, в частности ветровых энергетических установок. Их выработка зависит от скорости и направления ветра. В статье представлены результаты решения задачи оперативного прогнозирования скорости ветра для проекта гибридной энергетической установки, направленной на повышение пропускной способности железнодорожного участка между станциями Яя и Ижморская (Кемеровская область Российской Федерации). Проанализированы почасовые данные скоростей и направлений ветра за 15 лет, построена нейросетевая модель и предложена компактная архитектура многослойного перцептрона для краткосрочного прогнозирования скорости и направления ветра на 1 и 6 ч вперед. Разработанная модель позволяет минимизировать риски переобучения и потери точности прогнозирования из-за изменения условий работы модели со временем. Особенность данной статьи заключается в исследовании устойчивости модели, обученной на данных многолетних наблюдений, к долгосрочным изменениям, а также анализе возможностей повышения точности прогнозирования за счет регулярного дообучения модели на вновь поступающих данных. Установлен характер влияния размера обучающей выборки и самоадаптации модели на точность прогнозирования и устойчивость ее работы на горизонте в несколько лет. Показано, что для обеспечения высокой точности и устойчивости нейросетевой модели прогнозирования скорости ветра необходимы данные многолетних метеорологических наблюдений

Dimensions of invasiveness: Links between local abundance, geographic range size, and habitat breadth in Europe's alien and native floras

Understanding drivers of success for alien species can inform on potential future invasions. Recent conceptual advances highlight that species may achieve invasiveness via performance along at least three distinct dimensions: 1) local abundance, 2) geographic range size, and 3) habitat breadth in naturalized distributions. Associations among these dimensions and the factors that determine success in each have yet to be assessed at large geographic scales. Here, we combine data from over one million vegetation plots covering the extent of Europe and its habitat diversity with databases on species' distributions, traits, and historical origins to provide a comprehensive assessment of invasiveness dimensions for the European alien seed plant flora. Invasiveness dimensions are linked in alien distributions, leading to a continuum from overall poor invaders to super invaders - abundant, widespread aliens that invade diverse habitats. This pattern echoes relationships among analogous dimensions measured for native European species. Success along invasiveness dimensions was associated with details of alien species' introduction histories: earlier introduction dates were positively associated with all three dimensions, and consistent with theory-based expectations, species originating from other continents, particularly acquisitive growth strategists, were among the most successful invaders in Europe. Despite general correlations among invasiveness dimensions, we identified habitats and traits associated with atypical patterns of success in only one or two dimensions - for example, the role of disturbed habitats in facilitating widespread specialists. We conclude that considering invasiveness within a multidimensional framework can provide insights into invasion processes while also informing general understanding of the dynamics of species distributions.Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (264740629) Grantová Agentura České Republiky (19-28491X) Grantová Agentura České Republiky (19-28807X) Grantová Agentura České Republiky (RVO 67985939) Austrian Science Fund (I 2086 - B29) Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (01LC1807A) Eusko Jaurlaritza (IT299-10) National Research Foundation of Korea (2018R1C1B6005351) University of Latvia (AAp2016/B041//Zd2016/AZ03) Villum Fonden (16549