Influence of Different Yeast Strains on Metabolism of Tryptophan and Indole-3-Acetic Acid During Fermentation

The effect of supplementation of Riesling (Vitis vinifera L.) must with ammonium sulphate (AS) ontryptophan (Trp) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) metabolism during alcoholic fermentation with fourcommercial yeast strains (Uvaferm CEG, Lalvin Cross Evolution, Anchor VIN 13 and Anchor exoticSPH) were examined. AS addition reduced Trp uptake by yeasts from 1% to 15%. Wines produced byAnchor VIN 13 and Uvaferm CEG yeasts with AS addition had the highest concentrations of Trp (0.60and 0.59 mg/L respectively). Concentrations of total and bound IAA decreased during all treatments. Atthe end of fermentation the highest concentration of free IAA was measured in the control must inoculatedwith Anchor VIN 13 yeast (35.83 μg/L) and the lowest in the sample inoculated with Uvaferm CEG yeast(13.08 μg/L). Anchor VIN 13 yeast showed the strongest change in metabolism due to AS addition duringfermentation. 2-Aminoacetophenone (2-AAP) formation was not observed in all the studied wines

S-SAP molecular marker-based detection of interspecific variability among grape cultivars

Genetska unutarsortna varijabilnost temelji se na pretpostavci da tijekom vremena dolazi do pojave spontanih mutacija u genomu sorte koje zbog vegetativnog načina razmnožavanja ostaju fiksirane. Svaka informacija o unutarsortnoj varijabilnosti može biti od velike važnosti prije odluke o tome koje trsove zadržati nakon provjere zdravstvenog statusa te može pružiti uvid u homogenost populacije i potencijal klonske selekcije. U ovom istraživanju korišten je sustav markera temeljen na retrotranspozonima – modificirana S-SAP metoda koja je u prijašnjim istraživanjima pokazala potencijal za razlikovanje klonova. Korišten biljni materijal vinove loze sastojao se od 22 primke dviju različitih sorti: Zlatarice blatske bijele i Glavinuše. S-SAP metoda provedena je sa 6 različitih kombinacija početnica. Ovom metodom uspješno su razlikovane obje sorte, a detektirane su i razlike među pojedinim jedinkama. Stupanj polimorfizma, iako analize nisu rađene na certificiranom klonskom materijalu, u skladu je sa sličnim istraživanjima rađenim na certificiranom materijalu. Početnica F100 je detektirala najviše razlika i može se preporučiti u daljnjim istraživanjima. Dobiveni rezultati pružaju smjernice prilikom daljnje propagacije i revitalizacije.Intra-varietal variability is based on the assumption that during the time spontaneous mutations occur in the varieties genome and stay fixed because of vegetative propagation. Any kind of information about intra-varietal variability could be of importance before making a decision which vines to keep after verification of their health status and could provide an insight into homogeneity of the population and into the potential of the clonal selection. In this study a retrotransposon based marker system was used – a modified SSAP method which, in previous studies, showed the potential for differentiating clones. Collected grapevine plant material consisted of 22 accessions representing two Croatian varieties: Zlatarica blatska bijela and Glavinuša. S-SAP method was performed using 6 different primer combinations. This method successfully differentiated both varieties and also detected some clonal differences among tested accessions. Although the analyses were not done on certified clonal material, level of polymorphism was similar to those in similar studies using certified clones. The use of universal retrotransposon primer F100 resulted in most observed polymorphism. Obtained results provide guidelines for further propagation and revitalization

Ampelographic and genetic characterization of Croatian grapevine varieties

Before the Phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae) crisis in Croatia more than 400 grape varieties were under cultivation. Today their number is drastically decreased. Recently, many efforts in the preservation of grapevine biodiversity were undertaken: detailed inventory of varieties in different wine-growing regions, establishing of national and regional collections and their systematic ampelographic and genetic characterisation. This paper shows results of multiannual ampelographic and genetic research concerning Croatian grapevines considered as autochthonous varieties. After identification, many synonyms and homonyms were detected and unique genotypes were selected. Basic data of them are shown: description (according to OIV descriptors) and genetic profiles (9 SSR loci), growing area and status of vulnerability. Also, genetic relationship based on the shared allele distance is computed from SSR data. Results show certain level of similarity among varieties, and classify Croatia as important gene-pool in Europe. Some additional accessions which were detected and introduced into collections recently are still being investigated and characterized so that the here presented list of Croatian native grapevine cultivars is not final

Data from: Plum germplasm in Croatia and neighbouring countries assessed by microsatellites and DUS descriptors

At a certain period during the last century, former Yugoslavia (which among others used to include Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, and Serbia) was the biggest producer of plums in the world. Traditional plum cultivars, still grown in this region, represent a mixture of several species including: European plums (Prunus domestica L.), mirabelles (Prunus insititia var. syriaca (Borkh.) Koehne), and damsons (P. insititia L.). The basic problem with the utilization of this plum germplasm, either for cultivation or breeding purposes, is a lack of reliable pomology data or reference repositories that would enable positive identification of cultivars. In this study, 62 plum accessions (42 traditional Croatian accessions, six well-known traditional accessions collected from Serbia and Bosnia, and 14 international, reference cultivars) were assessed using microsatellite markers and distinctness, uniformity, and stability (DUS) plum descriptors. Nine primer pairs amplified 168 distinct alleles, or on average 18.7 alleles per locus. A significant differentiation between the traditional plum cultivars and international reference cultivars, was detected through Fst (Fst = 0.022; P < 0.0001), analyses of molecular variance (AMOVA; f CT = 0.054; P < 0.05) and later confirmed by a factorial correspondence analysis (FCA). Bayesian method enabled the classification of mirabelle, damson, and European plum genotypes. Principal component analyses, based on 22 morphologic traits, managed to separate mirabelle accession from the European plum and damson accessions, but there was a general lack of correlation between the observed morphologic traits and the molecular data. Results of this study indicate that traditional Croatian accessions represent a diverse and underutilized plant genetic material, which should be conserved

SSR profiles and sizes of private alleles of 62 analysed plum accessions

Table1 - SSR profiles (allele sizes expressed in base pairs) of 62 analysed plum accessions (42 traditional accessions from Croatia, 6 traditional, regional cultivars from the neighbouring countries along with 14 international reference cultivars), investigated using 9 SSR markers. Table 2 -Sizes of 52 private alleles registered exclusively among traditional Croatian plum accessions and eight private alleles found only among international reference cultivars